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"Living hermeneutics in motion" points to Ricoeur's vision of the interpretive journey as a rigorous, dynamic process through the text to a new understanding, guided by and tethered by the text itself. The book explores Ricoeur's thinking on the nature of texts, methodology, and narrative. Laughery places Ricoeur in dialogue with a host of scholars in the field of interpretation theory.
Ricoeur prefers a dialectical approach over either-or positions. For example, he insists that Biblical discourse is grounded in actual events, but also claims that the event "disappears" in the inscribing of the text. The book also considers Ricouer's middle way through the extremes of historical criticism and structuralism, a postmodernist methodology which treats the text as a system of self-referring symbols. Ricoeur sees both as fruitful stages in the interpretive movement through the text.
According to Laughery, the strength of Ricouer's view is his insistence on the centrality of the text in Biblical interpretation. By confronting the reader with a real world, the text challenges her to reach a new understanding of God, self, and the world. This motion through the text is transformative.
Laughery's approach is balanced and informed by extensive scholarship. He also critques Ricouer at several key points, such as the proper role of authorial intent guiding interpretation. Caution: Readers with no French ability or only a smattering of French may be frustrated by the use of citations in French (this was originally a doctoral dissertation for a Swiss university).
All in all, however, "Living Hermeneutics in Motion" is a comprehensive survey of Ricouer's hermeneutical thought. Laughery presents a compelling case for taking seriously Ricoeur's contribution to Biblical hermeneutics, and organizes Ricoeur's non-systematic works on this subject in a way that should make it easier for others to build on.
The book begins with a tremendously helpful explanation of the extreme positions taken by modernism and post-modernism in relation to interpretation. On the one hand, modernism purports a utopian trust in human reason's ability to correctly interpret and understand a text's meaning. On the other hand, post-modernism, in its extreme form, finds no meaning inherent in the text. Texts cannot refer to anything outside of themselves, and are merely internal systems of signs and symbols. Laughery finds a way forward between these two extremes of absolute certainty and absolute indeterminacy with regard to interpretation in the work of the French philosopher/hermeneutician Paul Ricoeur. Ricoeur refocuses the discussion in hermeneutics on the "world" of the text. It may seem obvious to us that a conversation about how to interpret a text would actually focus on the given text itself. But instead, the text itself is often left out of the analysis in favor of a focus on what lies "behind" the text (a Romantic notion) or on the symbols or codes that are at "play" within the text and which cannot carry meaning in themselves (the structuralist position). In his return to the text, Ricoeur demonstrates the differences and similarities between the speech act/event and the written word or text. The text, like the spoken word, referents an author, a reader, and the world created by the text itself: a speaking subject says something about something to someone.
What Laughery calls a "living hermeneutics in motion" is based on Ricoeur's hermeneutical movement from understanding (prefiguration) through explanation (configuration) to new understanding (refiguration). Laughery uses this to open up new possibilities for reading the Bible in a way that acknowledges the limitations of a text and of its reader, without having to throw one's hands in the air and give up on finding any meaning in the text at all. And he makes way for us to allow ourselves to be transformed by the text (in a "new understanding"), rather than continuously forcing our subjective selves and experiences onto the text. Laughery takes this hermeneutic a vital step further than Ricoeur when he says that not only should the Biblical text transform our lives as individual readers, but it should transform the world as its readers act it out into the world. In this engagement with the world, the text's capacity to explain can be estimated, and the reader can return with text back through the three movements of the hermeneutic. This is the "living" part of the hermeneutics in motion.
Crucial to the argument for this new hermeneutic are several other contingent discussions expounded within the book. In them, Laughery puts Ricoeur in dialogue with theologians, philosophers, and literary theorists such as R. Bultmann, H. Frei, J.D. Crossan, and David Carr. Laughery addresses at length the two extreme methodologies of structuralism (no meaning, only play) and historical criticism (meaning found in historical evidence). When these are elevated to theories rather than methods, both structuralism and historical criticism become reductionistic. Laughery shows how both are necessary to the middle process of explanation. By way of an example, Laughery takes us through a comparison of Ricoeur and Crossan's work on the parables of Jesus. Crossan correctly shows the parables' ability to dis-orient the reader. However, that is where he stops. Ricoeur argues that the parables, full of meaning, also have the power to re-orient. Then, in an investigation into the current debates about narrative, Laughery shows how Ricoeur offers a balanced approach that avoids the modernist tendency to equate narrative with historical fact and the post-modern propensity to equate fiction and history.
Before concluding, Laughery offers an invaluable alternative in the debate between those who argue for a consideration of authorial intent, and those who profess a reader-response theory (as in Stanley Fish's famous quote, "the reader's response is not to the meaning, it is the meaning"). He clarifies that acknowledging the intent of the author should not be equated with the extreme position that takes intent to mean psychological state. Rather, the author's intent should be located in his/her literary act.
Because this was written as Laughery's dissertation for a Swiss university, many of the quotations from Ricoeur remain in French. However, Laughery seems to always paraphrase them following their citation. He also helps us through the argument by continuously reminding us from where we have come and where we are headed. The structure of the book echoes the "living hermeneutic in motion" in its division into three parts: prefiguration, configuration, and refiguration.
The difficulty of this read, however, is by no means the primary reason I predict that I and many others will be re-reading it for many years. Laughery, always concerned that we do not fall into the easy either-or traps that are so prevalent, is a prophetic voice in our present atmosphere of confusion over interpretation. Many of us within the Church today recognize that our current divisive issues stem from conflicting understandings of how to interpret the Bible and what it means to say that the Bible is "true." I believe that this book's relevance to our current situation will only become more and more evident. Gregory J. Laughery is a name we should be watching if we are interested in finding a hope-filled way forward with academic integrity. Even if the only thing one takes away from this book is a clearer understanding of the modernism-post-modernism problem as it relates to Biblical interpretation, it is more than worth the read. Readers will not help but start to recognize how often that problem surfaces in even the most casual of conversations about the Bible.
Ricouer himself has raised and answered many of these questions, but I always felt the need for a more systematic overview of this thought. If only he (or someone) would present a more comprehensive/cohering view! And Greg Laughery has now done it, in his wonderful little book, "Living Hermeneutics In Motion" ("An Analysis and Evaluation of Paul Ricoeur's Contribution to Biblical Hermeneutics"), University Press of America, 2002.
Laughery's review of the contemporary hermeneutical scene is clear and lively, and his contextualizing of Ricouer's thought extremely helpful. Most helpful, because the reader gains a better sense of just how compelling Ricouer's contribution really is.
And Laughery contributes to this hermeneutical dialogue with his own refreshing insight, particularly in regard to understanding biblical parables. The author's persistent interest in negotiating "boundaries"--of text and reader, of "fiction" and "history"--help place this work among the "must reads" for persons serious enough about biblical interpretation to be at sea. Greg Laughery's mediation of Ricouer will provide interesting if not entirely "safe" harbor.
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All the authors are well known neurologists. Dr. Brazis is from the famous Mayo Clinic, Dr. Masdeu from New York University and Dr. Jose Biller, an accomplished author of neurological texts, from Indiana University.
This new edition includes a nicely written introductory chapter to localization and claims to have some new diagrams. There are additionally some updates in the chapter on cerebrocortical localization. I do not think, however, that the changes from the last edition are extensive.
A (possible) downside in the new edition is that the text is now in column format - some readers may not like this because there is very little space in the margins to write your own notes. However the columns give the pages a neater appearance, and makes reading easier.
In summary, neurologists and neurosurgeons will benefit greatly from this book. Those who have the third edition however need not purchase this one, as that edition will undoubtedly suffice to meet their needs. A poorer alternative would be volume 2 of the 40 something-volume Handbook of Clinical Neurology (surely some mistake). The only true 'minus' for this book is the outrageously steep pricing, which may effectively prevent many residents from obtaining their own copy of this very beautiful and very important work.
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Gives clear, concise explanation of logistic regression, how to accomplish it in SAS, and explains the details of the SAS results.
This book had me up and running in short order.
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Roetzel opens the introduction skillfully, drawing the reader in with a discussion of Paul's views on women. He then touches on some other controversial contemporary issues. Roetzel presents other dichotomous views of Paul. These "contrary impressions" (1) effectively tease the reader, and hint at the issues to be dealt with in the book.
The book concludes well by picking up where the introduction left off. It discusses controversial issues in a little more detail, but they make more sense now because of the background of the book. I especially enjoyed the last few pages as they provided an excellent, concise summary of Paul, and put him into perspective. Particularly the conclusion notes, that "...he raised hard questions that the church had to face. And he dealt with real issues most of which still lie near the heart of humankind." (190)
Roetzel was excellent at fulfilling his aims. He made me understand that Paul's letters are not static, but real conversations between Paul and the churches. The book also helped me to understand the world through Paul's eyes, which were focused on "the cross, the resurrection, and Jesus' imminent return." (72)
There are few negative things to say about this book. A couple of minor contentions I had were the use of theological words, and the black and white presentation of the material. First, Roetzel tossed theological words into the book several times, often without proper explanation (e.g. "eucharistic" 63, "exegesis" 39, and "doxology," 70) This would not be a problem if Roetzel was writing for the specialist, but if as he claims, his audience is composed of non-specialists, the use of theological words can lead to confusion.
One other minor criticism: Roetzel made many assumptions that he treated as undisputed truth. For example he writes, "we know, of course, that Paul is unfaithful here to the original intent of the Genesis material." (101) Do we know this for certain? How? These are the unanswered questions I had while reading comments like that. (In this case he is erring on the side of the non-specialist, who would be confused by an introduction of all the ambiguities.)
Overall though, I really enjoyed this book. Besides a few glitches it was at a level for the beginner reader to understand clearly. Whenever possible Roetzel referred to Paul's letters to make a point. He also summarized scholarly opinion about an issue, and provided further references for reading in the helpful selected bibliography at the back of the book. Even though the book has too much detail for the general public, it would be great for a serious student who is analyzing the letters of Paul. Overall it was well written and interesting. I think the only problem was that the author stated that this book was for the non-specialist, but I think it would be difficult to understand for someone with no background at all in Paul's writings. I would suggest a reader to be familiar with Paul's letters before he/she decides to read the book.
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I was in heaven that late summer. This was real science fiction. These books were fantastic! There were no "starships" or "Deathstars. There were only well-drawn, complex, and brilliant characters using their scientific and technical gifts.
Obviously, as one reviewer had already observed, this "first contact" novel was the inspiration for Carl Sagan's later work "Contact." In my opinion, "The Listeners" is the better-written book, even though I will always remain great fan of the late - and forever great - Carl Sagan.
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An invaluable lesson for children growing up with MTV, the Internet, billboards, and multimedia lessons in school. This book helps you and your child to "unplug" and relax long enough to really hear the world around you.
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