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Light recommends that we should stop treating government sector as the only agent where one could perform public service, but should consider the role of private and non-profit (especially the latter) as important agents as well. He believes government should make mid and top level positions more available to those who start their public service career outside of government but now wants to enter the civil service. He also calls non-profits to support those who choose a non-profit career to keep them satisfied with their work and stay in their jobs, something many non-profits have hard time doing.
Overrall, a great book regarding the state of public service in today's America and every policymakers should read it. Given that half of all federal employees are going to retire in the next decade and fewer than one-third of all public administration school graduates nowadays choose government service after they graduate, Light's recommendations should be taken seriously by policymakers so that the federal government could avoid the "brain-drain" that could make it much less effective and responsive than it is now, something experts have predicted when they see this trend.
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Professor Kurtz comprehensively explores every branch and cranney of how we can reliably know what is what. And does it so very throughly that this book could very well serve as a college or seminary text book on epistemology. He does not limit the inquiry to the standard religious conumdrums, but covers also the limits of science; political doctrines such as 'all men created equal'; and how bolsivick Markism with it's dictatorial impositions, differed from Karl Mark's democratic values and objectives, though both had the same outcome of yielding impoverishment and loss of freedom instead of prosperity.
College debate teams could benefit greatly by reading this book to find ammunition against dogmatic assertions. Churchmen seriously interested in questions about faith will find it useful without equal, so far as I know. As for rating The New Skepticism I give it a five star rank only because there is not a higher level in the scale since it deserves more stars.. It is top quality scholarship, believe it. Prof Kurtz anticipates every possible pro and every possible con. Saving a reader a lifetime of floundering on his own while searching for what knowledge is reliable.
The text is divided into four main sections. Part one reviws skepticism of the past starting with classical Greeks, through Renaissance and Reformatin, Descartes and Hume and continues with modern Pragmatism and post-modern critics.
Part two covers "Inquiry and Objectivity", finding that classical skepticism is no longer viable. " Beliefs should in principal be considered to be hypotheses, that is, they should not be taken as final or absolutely fixed or beyond revision or modification. Hypotheses should be viewed as working idas or proposals that need verification." " A theist saying that 'God exists' is makinfg a factual claim which by defination is non-factual in that God exceeds the category of observable fact." Failed systems include the 'big-bang theory, the teological arguement, and the question of whether or not there is evil.
Part three involves how people usually come to have their unreasonable beliefs. Most people are bred to a religion , not converted to a creed or doctrine. For most people, a belief does not have to be tru in order to be believed. There are so very many examples in history, including, flying saucers, that they constitute the very fabric of existence. Weare all trapped in our cultural heritage. What ought to be cannot be deducd from what is. But Prof. Kurtz finds that thought alone cannot and should not dominate everything. There is room for aescetic beauty and being inspired by ethical ideals. Life itself needs no justification beyond itself.
Part four shows why historical skepticism is profoundly mistaken to deny that values are amenable to cognitive criticism. or that standards of objectivity can be discovered.
Newly found scientific discoveries, 'an embarrassment of riches' are so voluminous that no single individual can review it or manage it. A new branch of academic study, Eupraxophy, is proposed. Specialists have so sub-divided subject matters that experts are often unable to communicate to other fields and sub-fields. What is needed is generalists working with other generalists to find common concepts and develop general systems theory that cut across fields and seem reliable. This is a valuable book to be kept handy as a reference.
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R. Maurice Hollingsworth, Ph.D. Taiwan Baptist Theological Seminary Taipei, Taiwan
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