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It is ideally suited to those who seek a critical understanding of psychological theory and research from the perspective of the adult educator. It will be most accessible to graduate students with knowledge of psychology and experience of adult education. Author: Mark Tennant is Professor of Adult Education, Faculty of Education, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. He wrote the first edition of the book while at the University of Warwick, UK, and the second while working at Hokkaido University, Japan, ten years after the first. Many of the ideas grew out of lectures and seminars delivered to a variety of students - community educators, industrial and commercial trainers, Aboriginal educators, ESOL teachers, literacy teachers, etc. and lead to a broader applicability to a wider audience.
Contents: 1.Introduction 2.Humanistic psychology and the self-directed learner 3.The psychoanalytic approach 4.The development of identity during adulthood 5.The development of intelligence and cognition 6.Learning styles 7.Behaviourism 8.Group dynamism and the group facilitator 9.Critical awareness 10.Concluding comment: psychology as a fo! undation discipline in adult education
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This book is quite technical -- but a reader could skip such sections as "Factor Analysis and the Class Model", which includes sentences like, "Accordingly, the self-monitoring class variable need not appear as one of the axes in a factor solution involving rotation to simple structure" (p. 163), and still get a lot out of the book.
In all it's a nice blend of theory and research and is worthwhile reading for any student of personality or social psychology.
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Nonetheless, the author keeps his independence of mind: he writes that Hurd's basic "idea of the enabling state was flawed. First, it was highly undemocratic. The National Health Service Trusts, self-governing schools and Housing Associations took power away from democratically elected councillors and placed power in the hands of unelected local appointees, modern local elites. Second, the Conservative reforms to local government which Hurd endorsed saw a massive centralisation of power in Britain. Third, Hurd's belief that active citizenship was compatible with free-market economics because private property gave the citizen a stake in the economic power of the country, simply did not work during the 1980s."
Stuart writes, "The Conservative Party's raison d'etre in the late 1970s and during the 1980s became the defeat of organised labour." But Thatcherism, the attack on organised labour, undermined all the institutions - family, community and nation - that Hurd claimed to support.
In passing, Stuart reveals something of Parliamentary 'opposition'. On 21 January 1991, in the last Commons debate before the war against Iraq, Gerald Kaufman, Labour's Shadow Foreign Secretary, "asked Hurd to let him see the Government motion before they tabled it, to make sure it was one which the Opposition Front Bench could support." Hurd then asked Kaufman to amend this motion, to prevent Labour backbenchers doing so. "Kaufman showed Hurd the revision beforehand to make sure his side could support it. So the Government drafted a motion subject to Labour's approval and Labour drafted an amendment subject to the Government's approval."
As Foreign Secretary under Thatcher and Major, Hurd backed the onslaught on Iraq. He supported the EC's recognition of Croatia and Slovenia, which widened the Yugoslav war. He backed Patten's mischief-making in Hong Kong. He supported the Maastricht Treaty. All these misguided policies stemmed from his support for capitalism's dictate of economic internationalism, with its consequent hatred of sovereignty.
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The idea of being able to start over is continuously interrogated in American literature. Benjamin Franklin's autobiography, which appeared almost exactly one hundred years before Pudd'nhead Wilson, sketched out the ideals of self-determination and personal identity in American culture: a man can become whatever he wants, no matter what his background, as long as he has a plan and the work ethic to realize it. Echoes of Franklin can be seen in the eccentric, scientifically-minded Pudd'nhead Wilson, whose writings mirror Franklin's and whose careful analysis and re-categorization of the world around him is also reminiscent of the American icon. Pudd'nhead's self-realizations, though, are dark and socially unsuccessful. Twain's characters live in an America where social mores are largely fixed and one's success depends not on determination but on fitting into a pre-existing public space.
Twain, like Franklin, was a celebrated public figure, immediately recognizable as a collection of carefully developed mannerisms and trademark items. Like Judge Driscoll in this novel, Twain somehow found himself high placed enough in society so as not to be bound by its rules. In Pudd'nhead Wilson, though, Twain looks at those who avoid constraints of reputation and public opinion by being so far beneath society as to be almost irrelevant. He also looks at those who, like the twins, get caught in the middle, in a mire of shifting opinions and speculations. The "plot" of this novel, if it can be said to have one, is a detective story, in which a series of identities--the judge's murderer, "Tom," "Chambers"--must be sorted out. This structure highlights the problem of identity and one's ability to determine one's own identity. The solution to the set of mysteries, though, is an incomplete and bleak one, in which determinations about identities have been made but the assigned identities do not correspond to viable positions in society. The seemingly objective scientific methods espoused by Pudd'nhead may have provided more "truthful" answers than public opinion, but they have not helped to better society. In the rapidly changing American culture of the 1890s, where race, celebrity, and publicity were confounding deeply ingrained cultural notions of self-determination, the depopulated ending of Pudd'nhead Wilson is a pessimistic assessment of one's ability to control one's identity. Twain's novel moves us from Franklin's comic world of possibility to a place where self- determination is Twain, like Franklin, was a celebrated public figure, immediately recognizable as a collection of carefully developed mannerisms and trademark items. Like Judge Driscoll in this novel, Twain somehow found himself high placed enough in society so as not to be bound by its rules. In Pudd'nhead Wilson, though, Twain looks at those who avoid constraints of reputation and public opinion by being so far beneath society as to be almost irrelevant. He also looks at those who,
like the twins, get caught in the middle, in a mire of shifting opinions and speculations. The "plot" of this novel, if it can be said to have one, is a detective story, in which a series of identities--the judge's murderer, "Tom," "Chambers"--must be sorted out. This structure highlights the problem of identity and one's ability to determine one's own identity. The solution to the set of mysteries, though, is an incomplete and bleak one, in which determinations about
identities have been made but the assigned identities do not correspond to viable positions in society. The seemingly objective scientific methods espoused by Pudd'nhead may have provided more "truthful" answers than public opinion, but they have not helped to better society. In the rapidly changing American culture of the 1890s, where race, celebrity, and publicity were confounding deeply ingrained cultural notions of self-determination, the depopulated ending of Pudd'nhead Wilson is a pessimistic assessment of one's ability to control one's identity. Twain's novel moves us from Franklin's comic world of possibility to a place where self- determination is accompanied by tragic overtones, a place reminiscent of the world of another, later American novel about a self-made man that does not end well: Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.
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