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It is evident, however, that when once Cross steps over the bounds of his actual scholarship and credentials, into the arena of Ancient Near Eastern history and its bearings on the Hebrew religion and Bible, he commits some standard errors of naivete, common to many an O.T. scholar today.
He advocates not the antiquated (and incredibly errant on methodological grounds), so-called "Documentary Hypothesis," but rather, the newer "etiological tradition" school of thought, along the lines of several mid-20th century scholars -- Noth (and Alt? along with several earlier Norwegian scholars) come(s) to mind, particularly.
His assumptions (not scientific conclusions) that the Pentateuchal text comes from "various traditions" that were compiled long after historical events they "attempt (sic) to describe" are certainly based on faulty linguistic analyses, and he evidently assumes that (a) because different textual traditions existed in Palestine in the last 4/5 centuries BC (b) therefore this indicates that oral traditions (laden with exaggerations and embellishments, no doubt) were eventually compiled into the various textual traditions, each of which bore the unique marks of its oral-traditio-predecessor.
Among issues that Cross glosses over, whether out of carelessness or out of deliberate refusal to acknowledge (several) other eminent scholars (some with far weightier credentials than himself), are the questions of: (1.) legal/treaty forms (1st century vs. 2nd century BC--several large sections of the Pentateuch correspond almost precisely with the latter, not the former); (2.) the question of "late" words being introduced into a complete Pentateuchal text by later scribes (which would tend to corroborate the results obtained by Mendenhall's, Kitchen's, formgeschichte cited above); (3.) the extensive studies showing that Hebrew literature was, in fact, *not* very closely related to the surrounding Canaanite literature/tradition at all (e.g., Heidel's findings RE: the unimpressive factual correlations between Gilgamesh and the OT).
Moreover, his assertion that "Mesopotamian literature was orally circulated, generally, before being written," and that this "corroborates the idea that the Hebrews followed the same methods in compiling the OT," is very fragile, resting on wholly erroneous assumptions, all of which directly contradict the actual conclusions of specialists in Ancient Oriental history--namely, that Mesopotamian cultures (and Egyptian, as well) most often practiced the "oral dissemination" (NOT transmission) of (already) *written* documents (as A. L. Oppenheim has long since indicated, along with several others). Cross's references to ancient Greek culture is wholly superfluous, affording, as any specialist in Ancient Oriental studies would affirm, no substantiation of his theories and indicating his lack of expertise in the Ancient Near East.
Thus, although Cross's work here represents something that should certainly be studied (and purchased) by both advocates of his theory AND by opponents, it certainly should be treated with a healthy skepticism, and by no means should it be accepted as an authoritative work, because of its simplistic, superficial treatment of issues which Cross has no mastery over. Old Testament history teachers and Biblical teachers should especially approach the work with caution, and refrain from giving it to students as an "authoritative text," per se. Rather, it would be wise to merely suggest it for further reading, or to select readings from it and leave it open to criticism from the students to enhance their critical-analysis abilities--esp. seeing as to how the text will likely be out of date in ten, twenty, or thirty years, as Biblical criticism proceeds towards more scientifically and logically sound methodologies.
For me, the most interesting articles were the 'olden gods' essay, which places a number of themes present in the Bible firmly in the context of Canaanite mythology, and the the Samaria essay, which brings a lot of insight to the "Samaritan Problem". Just about as compelling are the essays dealing with the canonization of the Biblical texts, which brings the Dead Sea Scrolls and other contemporary evidence in to clarify the conerns and procedures. The most difficult and arcane (and beyond my interest) were the essays dealing with Hebrew verse.
My reservations stem from what seem to me to be omissions in the argument. Cross regularly makes the statement "there is no reason to doubt" one thing or another which is by no means proven, either in this work or any other that I know of, regarding practices and institutions of the "tribal league" and the "empire". He alludes to the existence of tribal leagues and their distinct religious forms from the Bronze Age to the modern era without much discussion of evidence. He also attests that at Ugarit patriarchal and specifically urban forms co-existed. This is interesting and I would like to know more about it. If the tribal and urban practices mingled throughout history, this does not give us "no reason to doubt" the historical accuracy of a Biblical account in which patriarchal religion and politics totally gives way to some national type of religion, nor does it help secure the dating of patriarchal narratives, or the dating of the conversion to Yahwism of Canaanite mythic themes. Cross's assertion of an orally transmitted prose epic seems unlikely, and no evidence is presented here to change my mind.
My reservations do not decrease the value of this book, however. In fact, they increase it, because of the issues raised. Overall, a must read.
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Frank Bolle's artwork looks great.
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I bought this hoping that it would wash the bad taste of DK2 away, but now I feel doubly cheated.
Im sure that you think, "well, art books cost a ton!" But, this one only costs around [fairly decent priced]! Plus its worth every penny! Young Artists, Sin City fans,and anyone who likes good art should pick this up!
It wont disapoint you!
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The massive use of SAP terminology will be very confusing for SAP newbies. The diagrams are very dry and don't offer much additional insights into the concepts described in the text.
For experienced SAP adminstrators the book is just too thin to be of any use. Better go for the 900+ pages SAP handbook.
The translation from the German original is quite mediocre. On several occasions you can see the original shine through. Most of the presented examples contain German names for tables, fields or variables. For readers without knowledge of the German language some of the examples could be quite hard to understand (I'm German myself so no problem here).
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The book does however, give some useful information about Swatch and it's background. It shows a few models from the Gents/Ladies, Pop, Chrono, Scuba, Stop, Irony, Solar, Automatic, Access, Specials, Olympic Specials and Musical collection and gives a brief history of the collection and some models associated with the collection.
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On the whole a well balanced, well written, thoughtful account of a very challenging concept.
--Paragr. 5, point (1.), parenthetical: "century" should be altered to "millenium" both times [I certainly wrote this review too late at night]
--Paragr. 6, last sentence: "references to ... Greek culture is" should be altered to "references to ... Greek culture are"