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The book introduces us to the virtual world of Cybersphere and the fictive city of New Carthage where Schaap constructed and performed the cross-gender character of Eveline for some three years. Immersing himself in this space of metaphor, Schaap explores how "players" in these virtual worlds negotiation their online persona (referred to as "characters") and the implications of their performances in cyberspace for how gender is enacted in our day-to-day world. Interrogating the "strategies employed by the players to present a convincing and credible male or female character," (p. 3), Schaap exposes the constructedness of gender roles, skillfully unsettling many of the naturalized understandings of what it is to be a man or a women in our society.
Rather than merely delineating what one encounters in these virtual environments, Schaap "evokes" the very sensibility of online interaction through vivid and often haunting vignettes. Schaap employs his considerable narrative skills to bring the reader into the dystopic world of Cybersphere, allowing us to experience the intensity of life, death, and love in this virtual realm. However, Schaap acknowledges with refreshing candor the limitations of what can be (re)presented to the reader in his text. While giving us a robust sense of what it was like to have been there, he notes that this book, like any ethnographic account, "cannot not be an accurate rendering of the dialogical form the characters and their world take, for that is reserved to the moment in which they are lived by the players" (p. 4). Importantly, this book balances analytical authority with self-reflexive scrutiny, providing an account that is as critical of its author as it is of those social relations occurring online.
Adeptly interweaving historical overviews with riveting storytelling, Schaap is able to provide a discussion of the development of these virtual environments that will prove captivating to even the most technophobic reader. Usefully, he notes an important oversight in the existing literature on social relations in cyberspace that virtual environments themselves reflect particular cultural and social assumptions. "The MUD-code is thus not a neutral piece of code," he points out, "but a culturally, politically and linguistically informed program that enables players to perform certain desired acts" (p. 103). As Schaap endeavors to demonstrate, gender is one of the key preconceptions that are programmed into these virtual environments and this reveals much regarding the role gender plays in organizing our identities both online and off.
In this analytical discussion, Schaap adroitly mobilizes the theoretical arguments of such feminist scholars as Suzanna Kessler, Wendy McKenna, and Judith Butler. However, unlike the so many theoretical discussions on gender and sexuality, Schaap's writing remains lucid and accessible. Indeed, those who have struggled with the arguments of individuals like Butler would do well to first read this work. As important as Schaap's theoretical arguments and keen observations, is the very structure given his account. The experimental form of the text is designed to meet the author's aim of positioning the MUD itself as the ethnography. As Schaap so eloquently contends, "To make the mental leap from considering the historical, agreed upon idea of the ethnography as an authoritative text produced by the author/researcher to the MUD as an postmodern ethnography, I think it is of crucial importance to let go of the idea of a possibility of closure, of telos, of an ultimate truth" (p. 132). Schaap demonstrates with finesse the inherent incompleteness of any representation of the social universe, and thus the need for ethnographic researchers to challenge those conventions underlying scholarly accounts of the "Other."
Despite its modest length, this book is indeed an ambitious one. With writing that is as poetic as the analysis is rigorous, The Words That Took Us There is scholarship at its most poignant. Only the most obtuse of critics would deny the important intellectual space Schaap endeavors to open for ethnographic researchers. Clearly this book represents a significant initial work by an important new thinker in the realm of cyberculture and gender studies.
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The core of the book is the section "Satellites" that provide the orbital data and technical documentation for about 230 satellites. The "Technical" section at the beginning gives an overview of satellite communications, although the reader should be knowledgable in this kind of systems
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