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The book does not deviate much from the title. Don't expect pages upon pages of investment advice and how to prepare for the coming difficult times. Rather, the author seeks to support his claim by using historical demographic data from almanacs, census data and Excel charts. The book's premise is based on the simple idea of that the baby boomer/consumers will be retiring in 2012. With baby boomers being the largest consumers and consumers accounting for ~70% of the GDP, take away the consumers and there's very little driving the economy.
Arnold is an engineer by training which is curious since there's very little scientific rigor in his analyses.
You won't save this book. But if you're still really curious, read it on your lunch break.
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First, the title... "The intentional stance." The uninitiated will not know that this refers to a subfield of the philosophy of mind called "intentionality." Does Dennett bother giving an overview of the field for those who are unfamiliar with it? No. He makes cute references to the main scholars in this field all over the place, and their main articles and results, etc., leaving all the readers who are not already familiar with his work in the dark. To a reader like me, this book is basically a conversation between Dennett and his friends. It's kind of hilarious to read actually.
Second, the book is completely unstructured. His second chapter presents his theory (again only understandable to those who have closely followed the intentionality debate before reading it), and beyond that, it's "All of Dennett's Thoughts in No Particular Order with No Conclusion."
So basically, this is academic literature at its worst. Only to be read by those who are obligated to because they are scholars in the field. I would have given it a 3 but I took a point off for nauseating arrogance and another point off for an equally arrogant lack of structure ("I am so important that they will read my book and SEARCH for the main points, because they have to!"). I guess there are a few new ideas in it, but Dennett's high falutin', extremely arrogant prose seems to be designed for his own pleasure and for the pleasure of his old boy's club of philosopher friends.
Personally I keep it next to my bed and read it before going to sleep. It's better than sleeping pills. Definitely recommended for the insomniacs.
My real recommendation is to take a serious course in intentionality before reading this book.
Ps - those who have read "Consciousness Explained" will find this book much worse. Consciousness Explained was equally arrogant (nice title) but at least readable by someone who is not already an expert in the field.
In IS, Dennett comments on just which philosophical schools he aligns himself with, for instance, interpretivism, methodological behaviorism, and functionalism. Part of the message to take home about exactly where he aligns himself is that it isn't really important to him. He lays his arguments down and lets others worry about whether that makes him an interpretivist or methodological behaviorist. A clearer statement of his position regarding categorization of his views can be found in the "Back to the Drawing Board" chapter in "Dennett and His Critics".
In later works, Dennett further clarifies in what sense the entities the Intentional Stance makes use of are real, entities such as beliefs and desires. The most important of these later works is probably "Real Patterns", which appears in "Brain Children". In short, beliefs are part of compression algorithms of behavior that has been subjected to radical interpretation (See Davidson) from the Intentional Stance. A compression algorithm is (you guessed it) something that compresses some series of data. For instance, imagine you wanted to print 1000 1's and you had a computer that understood a programming language that would allow you to do so. One way to output the 1000 1's would be to specify that the computer print 1 and to repeat this command a thousand times. This doesn't compress anything however. Instead, you might tell the computer to "print 1 x 1000". This program has far fewer bits than does 1000 1's. 1000 1's has 1000 bits; the program has around log (base 2) 1000 bits. Hence, because it has fewer bits than what itd output does, that program is a compression algorithm of what it outputs. I recommend reading Gregory Chaitin for further info on Algorithmic Information Theory. In "Real Patterns" (in Brain Children), Dennett makes nice use of the mathematical definition of randomness to define compression algorithms and to set a plausible standard for what makes something a useful abstract object and thus, in a sense, just as real as are all the other useful scientific objects. Much more can be said about this, but this is enough for now.
This book is an excellent starting point for future study. Dennett's writing is as always engaging, insightful, and fairly straightforward.
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As a native Iranian, If I knew the intention of the author, to write and inform about the true beauty of the Iranian nature, I could have suggested him to take a long trip to the North, West and the central part of Iran, which in size are much more than the total region the author visited, and which in richness of vegetation and animal-life are just breath-taking.
Iran certainly doesn't deserve a long trail of unclear and boring pictures showing snowcapped mountains (very beautiful, but three whould have been more than sufficient), empty deserts, ramshackled villages and faces that only reflect the majority of the western world's narrow-minded prejudices about Iranians.
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The family that owned the work of art perished in the holocaust. They had sent the art to a dealer in Paris, either for safekeeping or on consignment to be sold. If it was sent for safekeeping, it may have been stolen by the Nazis (especially Goering) who were looting art throughout the occupied countries of Europe during the Second World War. If it was sold on consignment, however, then the heirs of the family (who brought suit in the United States to recover the painting) would be out of luck. Their only recourse would be to find the Parisian art dealer and sue him for the proceeds. But maybe the painting was stolen, in which case the heirs might have a claim to get it back. After the painting left the art dealer in Paris, it wound up in Switzerland, and went through the hands of various purchasers, finally winding up in a private art collection in Chicago. The owner donated it to the Art Institute, and the real legal battle began -- between the heirs who claimed the painting had been stolen, and the Art Institute, which of course wanted to keep it (though the Institute would have returned it to the heirs if the Institute had been convinced that the painting indeed had been stolen).
Although the author, Howard Trienens, represented the defendant art collector in Chicago, I found his book exceptionally fair in its meticulous treatment of the provenance (sales history) of the Degas painting and in describing the negotiations that ensued between the heirs and the Art Institute. Like the Degas painting itself, the book is a little gem.
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The section on composition is one of the most complete overviews of the subject I have seen to date; it includes topics such as unity and variety, the effects of 3-D illusion on composition (or vice-versa), the dynamics of the rectangle, left-right 'reading', and some deep analysis of Chard's own paintings. In other sections Chard discusses his rationale for representational painting, the concept of 'analogous' imagery, viewer's expectations for visual space, and details his methods and working processes. Each topic is covered with wide-ranging and carefully considered throughness.
Chard communicates his insights with great clarity and detail. As a result this is a real reader's book, it has a lot of text in it along with the illustrations. If large paragraphs make your eyes glaze over you may find this book daunting, but struggle on and you will most likely find that the information and food for thought were worth it.
Chard's book may not answer all your questions about painting, but it will provide a great deal of food for thought, and a pattern of principles and analysis that can be applied to a wide range of challenges and mediums in the visual arts...