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They are very tall and very thin, with tiny, baby-like arms and legs and great saucer-like eyes, and a human can easily kill one with his bare hands; but hundreds of them can overwhelm you in the end, after you are exhausted from struggling. They have pale white skin that cannot stand light or water, and give off an ant-like smell of formic acid; they are the Formigans of the title, and are organized like ants with specialized castes and a hive-like social structure. They are semi-intelligent, and form a kind of group mind. The feeling seems to be that the Formigans are not very intelligent as individuals, and in fact seem rather zombie-like, but that their group mind is intelligent. They are ruled by a bloated, immobile Queen who is telepathic with other Formigans (and with humans too, provided she can look into your eyes), and her name is JEH, and whatever other Formigans do or know, she also knows about. The book is a convincing portrayal of a truly alien species with alien ways of thinking.
The two humans are not threatened in any way at first, but wonder uneasily what the Formigans want of them. Although their lives do not seem to be at risk, an appalling truth eventually becomes manifest to them. The Formigans are very interested in seeing that their two hapless captives do not escape back to ground-level again. Not only do they not want the humans to make their existence known in the world, but they also have their uses for humans.
The humans are never in any danger of dying at the hands of the Formigans, however; they are far too valuable to let die. Indeed, they are impregnated with a special fungus that, amongst other effects, makes them almost immortal; but that may not be a blessing if you are stood immobile like a pillar in a fungus farm for hundreds of years. The two humans meet others who suffered this fate many decades ago, who are still alive and conscious in one of the caves, although with fading eyesight.
This fate of unlucky humans who are captured by the Formigans is the main thing that is horrifying about this novel. Indeed, it is one of the most horrifying novels I've ever read, and is one of that rather small group of novels that persuade readers that far worse fates than death can be conceived of. (Run-of-the-mill horror stories, on the other hand, simply work variations on violent ways of dying - but that death itself would be an escape from the violence inflicted on the victims.)
The book gives chilling details about some of the ramifications of the awful fate that the Formigans condemn their human captives to. For instance, when humans stand immobile in the fungus farm for hundreds of years, it seems that the facial nerves and muscles begin to atrophy after about 150 years. The sense of touch is the first to go, probably due to lack of stimulation, and after that the senses of smell and taste go, followed by sight and hearing. But you continue to live with your own thoughts for many life-times after that, until, due to the accumulated gradual death of brain cells, the brain eventually starts to decay. But it seems that even 450 years later, a small portion of one's brain continues to function; but after that one becomes a vegetable, and one's body goes on like a living corpse, serving as a culture medium for the fungus the Formigans need to survive.
Humans are used to grow two of the most important funguses, the Royal Red, on which Queen JEH feeds, and Sea Green, which is used to feed the humans growing Royal Red. Royal Red can be grown only on a white person, much more difficult to obtain in Africa - and the Formigans now have another white and another black to add to their collection.
These awful facts about the way the Formigans live drives the greater part of the plot as humans and Formigans do battle against one another. The humans struggle desperately for their very lives; but the Formigans are also struggling for their lives too, as this particular method of living is the only one they can follow.
It's one of the scariest stories I've ever read. I've read a great many stories, and forgotten many of them; but I've never forgotten this story.
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Author Reid has written a number of books on TCM. This herbal reference is well-written because it includes: the common Western name of the herb, the Latin name, the romanized Chinese name and the name in Chinese characters.
Packages of Chinese herbs may be labeled with any of the above, so this is really helpful. There is also a wonderful section on the principles of Chinese medicine and how the traditional herbal preparations are made. Some of the common combinations of Chinese herbs are included along with how to prepare them. There is a resource reference in the back. Highly recommended to anyone wanting to learn more about traditional Chinese medicine.