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This small book serves also as an instructional booklet for the uninformed. It's definitely better to avoid using terms we do not understand, than misuse them in ignorance. The public is rarely aware of the difference between "argumenta ad hominem" and "argumenta ad personam". I have time and again seen outspoken individuals be confused over terminology throughout my life, so I thought it would be useful to clarify two notions often mistakenly interchanged in speech or writing. Once can learn it elsewhere, but why not take the Meister Schopenhauer book in hand?
"Argumentum ad hominem" - argument referring to person's background, to his or her expressed views, and not strictly to the pure general issues under discussion. Example: "Since you haven't traveled to Tibet so far, you most probably are not aware that Tibetans do not eat rice as their primary source of nutrition, but they eat wheat instead".
"Argumentum ad personam" - usually negative (although not necessarily) argument referring to the personal features of the adversary. Example 1: "Your arguments, Socrates, are as filthy as your personae". Example 2: "This congressman looks like a real statesman. I trust him and accept what he says".
As we see, the latter is the subset of the former, i.e. every argumentum ad personam is an argumentum ad hominem, but not every argumentum ad hominem is also an argumentum ad personam. What's the usual confusion? People use these two terms interchangeably, which is incorrect. Argumenta ad hominem can be very balanced, informative, and useful in discussion, while argumenta ad personam do not contribute to the discussion, and most likely are of negative nature.
Some of the methods analyzed and exemplified in this book, beyond the already described, are: Generalization, Ex Homonymia, Sophisma a dicto secundum quid ad dictum simpliciter, Pro-Syllogisms, False Theses, Petitio Principii, Socratic Queries, Enraging the adversary on purpose, Masking moves, Fight fire with fire, Induction, Comparison & Labels, Argumentum ad absurdum, Argumenta ad hominem & ex-consessis in queries, Double meaning and homonyms, Mutatio controversiae, Relativity & Moral Relativity, Fallacia non causae ut causae, Sophismata, Reverse petitio principii, Exaggeration, Apagoge & fabrication of consequences, Exemplum in contrarium - Instantia, Retorsio argumenti, Achilles heel, Argumentum ad auditors, Diversion, Argumentum ad verecundiam, Apparent self-depreciation intended to humiliate the adversary, False categorizing, Methodological confusion over empirical and theoretical aspects, Ignoring rational arguments of the adversary - the method of silence, Motivation, and finally the Flood of useless information.
Having read this book, you shall be intellectually richer, and less addled in discussions with experienced adversaries. This book also offers an insight into the moral nature of humans. To what ends shall we go to achieve our goals?
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Even if you have no background in Dalcroze, you will find this well organized, easy to use volume invaluable.
Dale organizes each chapter lesson plan as a foundation for all that follow. In addition, skills addressed are ones that complement classroom work (literacy, math skills ) making this and Dale previous volume (Six Lessons for Fall ) a integrated teaching experience.
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