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In the author's words, "Throughout its history, Christianity's attitude and behavior toward Judaism and the Jews has been painful and shameful, marked by ignorance, blame and persecution. " Zannoni works mightily to demonstrate the intimate association between the two religions. The work is divided into five chapters and an epilogue. This two paragraph epilogue does what one hopes epilogues do: it summarizes the essential point of the entire work. It ends with a hope--almost a prayer--that readers will have broadened their understanding of the metaphors and images of God. And it expresses the wish that the work "has rekindled the intimacy, awe, wonder and humility in your relationship with God, so that, like the prophet Amos and the people in the Bible, you can better 'prepare to meet your God.'"
A brief introduction to Chapter One reveals the origin of the phrase, "Tell me your names," in Genesis 32:22-30. Chapter One covers much ground, and like all the other chapters, does it succinctly. It tackles the problem of language-- in both testaments--head on. It frankly admits the impossibility of ever finding the definitive name, description, or, in Aristotelian terms, essence of God. We are left with only suggestive and imperfect metaphors. It deals with metaphor in such a way that even a neophyte to religious thought can grasp the problem.
Chapter II surveys the Hebrew words for God, e.g., Elohim, El Elyon, El Roi, El Olam, El Shaddai, and of course the name that Jews never utter aloud, Yahweh. Dr. Zannoni demonstrates what Jews call chutzpa, i.e., nerve, boldness, brass-- by explaining the cryptic phrase ehyeh asher ehyeh, often--but not always, translated as I shall be what I shall be. He also touches upon the problem of the Septuagint and the difficulty of translating Hebrew into Greek. He discusses the meaning of the Exodus from Egypt better than any Jewish source I have read.
From names for God in the Hebrew scripture he moves to images for God in the Christian scripture. Zannoni surveys inanimate images for God, animal metaphors for God, metaphors from the creation myth, metaphors from the concept of extended family or clan, from the language of war, from the language of prophets, from both feminine and masculine images. He even essays a discussion of Greek and Hebrew language and ideas about Wisdom, a discussion which is both challenging and fascinating. I must admit, though, I am not fond of his transliteration of the Hebrew word for wise. But transliteration from Hebrew to English is a migraine. After-the chapter questions in this chapter--as with all chapters--reveal that this work lends itself to discussion and to classroom use. I would like to be around when a teacher asks, "Is it shocking to use animal imagery to think of God?"
Through theological analysis of Biblical parables, Zannoni gradually assembles a chapter which leaves one with the feeling that no one metaphor for God is sufficient. This, of course, is one of his stated aims. Further, a hypothetical collection of all God metaphors would be inadequate. The problem of the limits of language is highlighted: ". . .our language remains limited when we reflect upon God."
Most of Chapter Four is devoted to the New Testament, squeezing out of parable, theology, story and contemporary understanding of that conundrum, that riddle: What is spirit and how do Christians appropriate it?
Zannoni's has immersed himself in contemporary scholarship , both Christian and Jewish. Indeed, his grasp of both is as profound as that of any of the other scholars of which I am aware. He has a felicitous writing style. His ability to deal with knotty issues so as to render them accessible to most is exceptional.
This work can be read with profit by scholars. And it will provide insight for neophytes into the theological tangle that has always accompanied God's names and images,
S. Samuel Shermis, Professor Emeritus Purdue University
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I bought the book at the annual UT press sale, where the employees said "He's been bringing us samples an they are wonderful!"
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The index in the back also is extremely helpful in locating just the right type of exercise; entries are listed in categories such as "no preparation," "noisy rehearsal," "beginner level," and many other cross-references.
When I started teaching drama five years ago, this book was my lifesaver in planning classroom activities!
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Of particular note are the discussions regarding cognitive science and information theory. He suggests a model of top-down information input to describe God's activity in the physical universe -- not capriciously intervening and breaking the laws of nature, but respecting those laws and working within them to accomplish his purposes. The relationship between mind and brain is thoroughly explored, and applied by analogy to this model of divine action in the world. Even the thorny issue of the divinity of Christ is illuminated in a way that is deeply respectful of historic Christianity, while moving beyond the superstitions of popular piety. The discussion of St. John's logos as Meaning and Person is truly profound, deeply challenging to biblical literalists and scientific materialists alike.
Highly recommended.
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