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This biography tells the exciting tale of this exile in the generation of Hegel, where the unity of the original discourse suffers its passage through the rapids in the disintegration of a creative era of philosophy, the mirror image of Marx. The story told by Safaranski evokes perfectly the strange charm surrounding this irrascible and one-pointed genius, whose absurd dismissal by too much modern thought as some eccentric antique only shows philosophy has lost its way, and forgets the clear strains of his melody streaking a host of successors, beginning with Nietzsche, whose intoxication with the dangerous elixir of the noumenal exteriorizing as a concept of will, like a rock star on drugs, is a harbinger of the reversal of the source, in a tragic finale. Schopenhauer remains a great test of one's understanding of Kant, for he dared a further critique, with a result that demands a clear vision of the original critiques, without mesmerization of the texts. He also saw the direct connection, obvious, yet elusive, with the greater traditions of the Indian yogas and Upanishads as the European Enlightenment moves instinctively to grope beyond its victories to compensate for its limitations. Each will follow here, because he must, in the void between Hegel and Schopenauer, seeking the unity from a bifurcation, to which the philosopher bore constant witness, through these wild years.
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Muenster is a solid, bourgeois kind of place and in the 16th Century it seemed equally so. An important trading centre, it showed its considerable wealth in its merchants'mansions and warehouses, its churches and impressive cathedral. The beginning of the Reformation saw the city split into Catholic and Lutheran interests, but it continued to function until a group of Anabaptists, regarded as heretics for their insistence on adult baptism, gradually seized control of the town. Eventually they drove out the majority of other believers and the ranks of Muenster swelled with Anabaptists from other areas, particularly Holland. A charismatic leader, a former baker named Jan Matthias, was one of these. He had been called to Muenster by Jan van Leyden, another Dutch Anabaptist, and a group led by a wealthy local merchant. Together they declared war on the local Prince-Bishop and were rewarded with a siege of their fortified town. Deemed heretics by pretty well everyone, Catholic and Lutheran, the Anabaptists were determined to hold out, seize the countryside and establish a New Kingdom of Zion.
Anthony Arthur describes the Company of Christ as starting off as a well-disciplined, effective organization and he gives us some background on the Anabaptist movement, which was divided into pacificists (Mennonites and similar groups) and the militants. As the siege wears on, the Company of Christ takes some strange directions. From a city council, it moves to a Council of Elders and then to essentially a religious dictatorship.. Property is to be held only in common, criticism is rewarded with summary death. All the church towers are destroyed. Jan Matthias challenges the Bishop's army to single combat, with foreseeable results, and Jan van Leyden takes over. He now makes polygamy obligatory and arranges to crown himself King. The people starve, when their leaders are not personally murdering them, and those who try to leave are killed by the Bishop's soldiers outside. The whole thing comes crashing down when the Anabaptists are betrayed and the city taken. Jan van Leyden and the other most senior leaders are tortured to death and their corpses put on display in cages that are still to be seen on St. Lambert's Church in Muenster. Interestingly, the cages are original, but the church itself is not.
This book is only 244 pages, but although Mr. Arthur has looked at many sources it is clear that he has had to make an effort to flesh the book out. There are some diversions into Freud and theories that the Company of Christ was a sort of proto-Nazi organization and a long digression into the biblical story of Judith and Holofernes. I doubt that the Anabaptists were particularly Nazi-like, but exhibited many of the characteristics of a totalitarian system, more similar to Chinese Communism in its most irrational phases. And irrational it truly was-reading this book, one cannot reconcile the good burghers of Northern Germany, with their dull but solid reputation, with this lot of passionate crazies. It is a fascinating story even though one senses the whole time that it can only end one way. Of particular note is the enthusiasm with which people are put to death, often in very imaginative and quite unpleasant ways, and by both sides. The Anabaptists, as they roll onwards into madness and calamity, are treated by the author with more sympathy than the Establishment figures opposing them. Receiving particular scorn is the Prince-Bishop, Franz von Waldeck, who is portrayed as incompetent, venal and luckless.
It may seem strange to us today that adult baptism, with its element of free will, could be the subject of such rage between Christians but one need only look at the fine points argued by religious fanatics today with deadly passion to understand that the more things change, the less they do.
Munster had a uneasy alliance of Catholics and Lutherians who tolerated each other. The radical Anabaptists took over the town
and forced Catholics and moderate elements to leave the city. The Prince Bishop which ruled Munster opposed them. Two Jans
transformed the city into a Nazi like state. I agree with the review that the final chapter was a stretch in how it related to modern movements. Arthur wanted to say that history repeats itself. The final chapter could have been cut down. Also in the beginning, more focus could have been given the Anabaptist beliefs. A good short read.
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Mr. Michner was a true USA Patriot for his whole life and died a true USA patriot. I could not sum up his work for the USA any better than that. James was 90 years old when he wrote this dream as to what he wanted his country the USA to become starting from his death when he wrote this his last book. What this book really is an open letter to Americans with the blueprint of a utopia, which he realized, was not possible with humans and their different inspirations, but he continued to have hope right to his last breath.
The things that he writes about has been achievable and he gave a blueprint to use to achieve his suggestions. Considering the situation we are in now his ideas would have been good if implemented. They should be implemented if our 'elite' permits it. Our elite is now is the small number of people who now belong to the moneyed part of our society. These people have 80 percent of the wealth. We have reached the stage of our society where the money is king and the elite, which have the money, are leading us.
Money used to be used for cover over our heads and food. It is now power and elects our leaders, good or bad. Before that we elected our leaders for their ability as a hunter or provider. Then there was a relative short time when we had a democracy where elected them by votes of who we thought could lead us down the road to freedom and prosperity. Now our leaders talk a good democracy, but their actions are something else.
Michener starts out by explaining our tax system and provides suggestions for replacement after telling us how bad it is. He starts by telling his submitted tax declaration took 48 pages, this was in 1995. American tax declarations really haven't changed much since then. If anything they are more complex now. Read his thoughts on taxes they will be eye opener.
How do we get work for everyone in American? We are not headed in that direction now. Mr. Michener has a few ideas some have been tried in the past by countries in the world with varying degrees of success. Mr. Michener has put a lot of thought into this.
I want to quote Mr. Michener here, "Our government must stop passing income tax laws and other laws whose only purpose is to siphon even more wealth into the hands of those already rich while penalizing those at the lower end of the economic scale."
For any kind of 'trickle down' system to work the elite have to give more to the humans who need it and will spend it on food and clothing to prevent a revolution of those who are not participating in the American bounty. And these are the people who spend and cause our economy to grow.
Mr. Michener addresses the condition of our society and where the blacks fit in. This is really worth reading for all colors. He is dreaming about a classless society.
He addresses large company and their employees, but he was not privy to our 'evil' system which has came to the attention of our government now. Large and small companies were or are stealing from stockholder and employees both equally and sharing in the downward movement of these companies. The government is acting 'very slowly' to correct these problems.
Mr. Michener, who taught in grade school up to post doctorate level in the university, was very interested in this subject. He went to elementary school when the children said a 'pledge of allegiance to the USA' before they started class. We have gone on 'dumbing down' our children in the last few years in spite is Mr. Michener's warning. I cannot write all of his recommendations here. Read his book!
I am running out of space and time, but Mr. Michener's comments on the USA family should be read and digested.
His health care section should be read by everyone in the government that has anything to do with the health laws. He put a lot of thought into how to improve our system, which is getting worse it, could. Most of the western countries have better health systems than ours. Why is this, just the smell of money?
This is getting to long to hold attention so I will close for with the recommendation to read, THIS NOBLE BOOK, MY VISION FOR AMERICA, by Mr. Michener, whose last thought was for the United States of America.
Roger L. Lee
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This book also compares well with Millennials Rising by Strauss and Howe, which details more generational mores and trends than just college happenings.
The best chapter of this book is the last with the summary suggestions. So often authors point out faults, problems and weak areas, but Levine and Cureton put forth a very proactive, innovative and interdisciplinary plan for the necessary curriculum and pedagogical revolution.
I recommend reading the last chapter separately, otherwise it loses some of its appeal and clarity. I found myself re-reading the last chapter and even taking notes!
This book earned four stars instead of five because much more could have been written in regards to the summary suggestions. The early chapters are but supporting facts to what could/should have been a lengthier tome on college curricula and teaching styles.
Still this is a very worthwhile read and a helpful look inside college life, both in and out of the classroom.
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Otherwise it's a great reading, highly recommeneded. Keep in mind that this book is actually a collection of excerpts from Parerga and Paralipomena, so unless you don't have time to read it unabridged, it's better to get the original full book, it's great though, of course, it's five times as thick (but the quotations ARE translated there; I'm talking about Payne's edition, but it seems that's the only one there is, so there's no chance of committing an error here.)
Though riddled with hard-nosed realism and misanthropy, the book was positively entertaining and enjoyable. His style is fluid, prosaic, and imaginitive, unlike most German philosophy. In lieu of modern world events, it is probably more relevant a work today than ever before.
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Related titles include "Night Comes to the Cretaceous" by James Lawrence Powell and "T Rex and the Crater of Doom" by Walter Alvarez.
My chief reservation about Steel's work is that he seems easily drawn to flights of whimsy such as Clube's and Napier's contentions regarding Beta Taurid cometary impacts that have affected history on a mammoth scale. While these are captivating proposals, perhaps, there isn't enough hard scientific evidence for them clutter up what was otherwise a hitherto fine scientific presentation of a real problem by Steel. Up to the author's dalliance into the speculative, the book is a good read about a serious, overlooked, preventable threat. His admonitions should be taken seriously.
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Disregard the discaimer made by the translator that he only is trying to bring to us the true sentiments of Rimbaud. It is a mark of huburis to think that he knows better than Rimabaud what Rimbaud would say. If you want to see a real revolutionary poet in action, get a real translation of Rimbaud done in the scholarly tradition of translating the poets own words.
A successfull poet and translator once told me that using translation to voice your own poetic styles was cowardly, and I have always agreed with him.