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Book reviews for "Albaugh,_Ralph_M." sorted by average review score:

50 Hikes in Ohio: Day Hikes and Backpacks Throughout the Buckeye State
Published in Paperback by Countryman Pr (January, 2003)
Author: Ralph Ramey
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Excellent Guide
Ramey knows all the obscure places to hike in Ohio and this book 's organization by region lets you see what is availible in your corner of Ohio. The milage is usefull, though the estimated hiking times are a little long in many cases. I may just walk too fast. I think this is book is essential to help find new places to hike, that would otherwise go unexplored. I'm thrilled that he has written a second book with 50 more hikes.

Wonderful gift for the hikers in your families!
This book was a gift for my husband who is an avid hiker. Since our home is in Pennsylvania, he is very familiar with local forests, like Allegheny National Forest and Cook Forest. However, Ohio is less then a half hour away, and he needed more information about where to hike and where to take the Boy Scouts for both hikes and camping trips. We never realized Ohio had such wonderful and great sites until we saw this book. The maps and descriptions and information about difficulty of hiking for the various trails are great (except at least one map we used need updating for changes in the path). What is really enjoyed is the historical information given. Sometimes the Scouts need to be given some historical information to make the hiking more interesting, and history always aids in making memories. For an example in the section on Beaver Creek State Park there are a bunch of old locks and damns. One of the locks on the canal was named after the daughter of a worker on the canal who died. Her casket was buried in the lock, and when the worker was finished in Ohio he dug up the casket to take it back to his country. The ship sunk on the ocean and both the worker and the casket were never retrieved. This type of story makes the history of the time period more accessible to both the Scouts and to anyone who is hiking in the area. It certainly is a good reminder of how easy our lives are compared to the 1800's... Great reference book. Karen Sadler University of Pittsburgh

The best hiking in the Buckeye State
This book features some of the best hiking Ohio has to offer. The hikes range in distance from 1.6 miles to over 20 miles, thus accomodating hikers of every ability. Each hike contains a detailed description of the trail, a trail map, usually taken for the USGS maps, and directions to the trailhead. Ramey has a very warm, friendly writing style. In addition, his considerable experience in hiking and wildlife management makes Ramey the perfect guide for the trail. This book is an essential part of the library of any Ohio hiker.


Antioxidants Against Cancer
Published in Paperback by Equinox Pr (15 January, 2000)
Author: Ralph W. Moss
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Pretty Good Work, but......
This book is a concise summary of current research on how different antioxidants can help heal and prevent cancer. For each antioxidant, there is also info on how it interacts with "establishment" cancer therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy. It also debunks the widespread myth that taking antioxidants will weaken the effect of chemotherapy.

The one thing lacking in the book is its omission of foods rich in the various nutrients discussed. For example, in the first chapter on vitamin A, Dr. Moss never once mentions any foods where vitamin A is found (like liver, butter, eggs, cod liver oil, etc) and implies that one should take supplements. He also keeps repeating that people should eat lots of brightly colored fruits and vegetables every day to get their lion's share of antioxidants, but he does not inform the reader that many of the antioxidants he discusses are not found in fruits and vegetables, but in animal foods and fats only (vitamin A, for example). Zinc, selenium, CoQ10, and lipoic acid are also concentrated in foods like oysters, organ meats, seafood, and red meat--not fruits and vegetables. Of course, fruits and vegetables are good foods, but for a complete antioxidant picture, one must include organic animal foods as well.

There was also a lack of discussion of various antioxidant compounds that are found in herbs and spices like turmeric, curry, and rosemary and I was disappointed in this. Dr. Moss does mention black and green teas, however.

Excited and enlightened
I am so excited about this book. I have been researching how we can help ourselves win or even prevent battles against diseases - cancer included- without resorting to unnatural chemicals. Anti-oxidents occur naturally in foods, yet the potent doses some of our bodies need to prevent or fight diseases must be readily available. I have found iHerb to have the best services, the best choices and the best rates. Now I can afford to boost my own system as well as my families. What a great book, chock full of understandable facts.

Must Read. Clear, Concise, Well-researched, Convincing
This book should be given to every medical student and Oncologist in this country.

Lately, the media is full of reports cautioning cancer patients about anti-oxidants. After reading Antioxidants Against Disease, you will have the knowledge necessary to evaluate these unsubstantiated media reports for yourself. Ralph presents all sides, not just one side.

Few people in the world know as much as Ralph Moss about treating cancer. Ralph left the NY Sloan- Kettering cancer center when they asked him to misrepresent research results. Moss was a spokesman and was supposed to say that no benefit from Laetrile had been found, yet Ralph knew otherwise. He had spoken with the research scientist and knew that standard tests in mice had indicated significant benefit from Laetrile.

Ralph resigned and began his quest to bring us the truth about the myriad of cancer treatments. ( ).


Approaches to Teaching Ellison's Invisible Man (Approaches to Teaching World Literature, No 24)
Published in Hardcover by Modern Language Association of America (July, 1989)
Authors: Susan Resnick Parr, Pancho Savery, and Susan Resneck Parr
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Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison
Despite the book's overt schism of black/white relations, it delves into history, overall, in a much deeper sense. This book is wonderfully cultivated with the history of literature and its various canons. The allusions are vast, covering the ancients up to Ellison's day (at the point of completion--late 50's). It is clear, however, that the transcendalists writers (Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman, Melville, Hawthorne), as well as Joycean stylism are deeply embedded in Ellison's brilliant techniques in the book. More importantly, Ellison's has created this book as a teaching tool of great Black Leaders, such as Booker T. Washington, Frederick Douglass, Marcus Garvey, as well as other African-American significances of past. In short, the invisible man's nameless character represents his inexistence and trampled upon character as a black man enraptured in a darwinian duel, fighting his way through his naivete against his oppressors, which happens to be blacks and whites in the big Apple--New York City. I highly recommend this book to all Americans, as it is highly placed not just in African-American literature, but literature, in general. It takes a very close reading, perhaps twice to envelope its marvelous reign among all novels.

cool book
this book was cool. it was kind of long. but cool. you should read it if you feel like it. and if you have time becasue it is knid of long. but good. you should read it. okay bye.

Review of - Invisible Man
Start with the title- Invisible Man. Not "The Invisbible Man," but Invisible Man. Even with our main character's attempts at being visible (i.e. the light company, the various soci-political orgainzations) he still wound up invisible, miserable in some cold, dank basement.


DEFENSIVE SHOOTING FOR REAL-LIFE ENCOUNTERS: A CRITICAL LOOK AT CURRENT TRAINING METHODS
Published in Paperback by Paladin Press (September, 2000)
Author: Ralph Mroz
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A very good intermediate to advanced level book.
A very good intermediate to advanced level book.

Mroz is not dogmatic. His writing tends to show shades of gray rather than absolutes. The book provides some very interesting discussion on reacting to real events that trigger the startle reaction, point-shooting and aimed fire (This is an area where he really provides a fair and frank discussion without falling into the "always" or "never" trap.) and gunfighting at arms-length and closer. This final topic is really where I found the book most useful. He describes a number of popular methods and techniques with pros and cons for each of them. In reading, it became obvious that he has recruited helpers and actually tried most of the techniques. His discussion provides not only a toolbox of extreme close-quarter technique but tested advantages and disadvanteges of each tool.

A thought provoking book
This book is not intended for those who are into shooting as a sport, but for those who approach it as a martial art. For the latter people, this book should be mandatory reading. Actually, this book is not about tactics in a real-life shootings, it's about how we should train to prepare for such an event.

In the book, Ralph Mroz sheds a new light to several established "truths" on the field of combat handgunning. His aim is to look things from a new perspective, and to find flaws in established state of the art techniques and tactics. The most interesting parts of the book are those where Mroz compares different styles (for example, point shooting versus sighted fire, or different styles of close quarters shooting), and weights their pros and cons.

In the book, Mroz does not try to give the answers, he just wants to point out the common mistakes in trainig. On the other hand this is a good thing, because there is not an impression that Mroz is advocating a trainig system of his own. On the other hand, the book would be more complete, if it gave also solutions to the problems it reveales. Now about the only solutuion Mroz gives is to include force on force -exercises and role playing to training.

There is not any reference section in the book. On some footnotes Mroz gives the source (mainly when it is published by Paladin Press, which is the publisher of this book also), but there are many sources which Mroz does not address fully (e.g. he tells the name of the author, but not the name of the publication). This gives a slight impression of bias, which in a sad thing because the book is otherwise so unbiased, and is not bound to any school of thought.

Excellent Info for All Shooters!
In order to refine or methods we have to question what we already know. Sometimes this involves adding certain things to our training and removing other things that just aren't practical. Mroz makes you take a long, hard look at common training methods. Great book for combat shooters. I've read it twice! (Sine Pari)


Double (Thorndike Press Large Print Paperback Series)
Published in Paperback by G K Hall & Co (April, 2003)
Authors: Marcia Muller, Bill Pronzini, and Ralph M. McInerny
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2 Writers Equal A Good Mystery
In the beginning of this book I found the changing of viewpoints every other chapter disruptive of the flow of the story, but this improved as the book went on. Overall, this is a good book and I would recommend it.

I prefer the Sharon McCone books written only by Marcia Muller, but this book is definitely important to the history of Sharon McCone and is worth reading.

Interesting collaboration
Marcia Muller and Bill Pronzini team up with their characters Sharon McCone and "the nameless detective" to create an intriguing mystery. Sharon and the detective she calls Wolf meet in San Diego at a convention for private investigators. Sharon is also pleased to see an old boss of hers who is now head of security at the hotel where she's staying. When Sharon's friend falls over a balcony, she and Wolf decide that it is no accident and they set about to prove that there has been foul play. Sharon and Wolf take turns telling the story and they each work on bits and pieces of the murder plus other mysterious happenings which seem to be related. This book has a deliciously convoluted plot and a mystery which Muller and Pronzini develop to a crescendo and then reveal to the reader bit by bit. The addition of the character Wolf is a nice departure for this series, and it's interesting to catch a glimpse of McCone's family as well.

Double the Fun
Bill Pronzini and Marcia Muller are my 2 favorite mystery writers working today. "Double" offers both Sharon McCone and the Nameless Detective working together. They team up to investigate the murder of Elaine Picard, a former friend of McCone, head of security at the Casa del Ray hotel in San Diego where a private investigator's convention is being held. McCone and Nameless (whom McCone calls "Wolf") alternate chapters. This novel sizzles with action and it is one of my favorites of both Pronzini and Muller. I'm hoping that one day the husband and wife team of Pronzini and Muller will write another joint venture featuring Sharon McCone and the Nameless Detective. An excellent novel that is highly recommended.


Enterprise Computing With Objects: From Client/Server Environments to the Internet (Addison-Wesley Object Technology Series)
Published in Paperback by Addison-Wesley Pub Co (12 December, 1997)
Authors: Yen-Ping Shan, Ralph H. Earle, and Marie A. Lenzi
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A clear overview of OO applied to enterprise business apps
This book presents a clear and high-level overview of the issues and topics of client/server and OO computing. I've worked in the field for a while, so there was not much new material for me. Nevertheless, I still found it a useful read. It presents a coherent and comprehensive conceptual framework for thinking about the many of issues and tradeoffs in the field. The book's layout, format, and style make it readable and useful. It has a reasonable index, bibliography, and glossary. The beginning and ends of each chapter clearly summarize the material. The book's stated goal was to give the reader a fundamental understanding of essential issues rather than a barrage of incidental technical details. I believe it succeeded. I wish I had this book five years ago when I was new to the field of OO applied to business applications.

visually a pleasure to read and no hype
This book was a pleasant surprise. I think it stands out. Here is why: many books don't survive the test of time. Either the technology is moving to the next buzzwords and the terminology in a just-published book is already slightly obsolete, or a book style is such that it concentrates only on extremely volatile and time-sensitive skills that it usefullness only lasts a couple of years. Of course an author can publish a new edition every two or three years to keep up with the terminology and what is in vogue, and that is why Orfali's "martians" book on client/server is now in its third edition. A better solution would be to have a web site with documents in PDF format that update a published book. While this book is published only two years ago, and it seems to show some of its age by not mentioning the latest Internet buzzwords, such omissions are deliberate exactly to withstand the test of time. Examples abound of different architecture configurations and topologies without ever looking old. The writing style has a nice flow, with wide margins on each page showing summaries written in italics. It never displays too much information, but just what is needed. And it relates how choosing a correct configuration, is actually an evaluation of the best compromises, never dictatorialy stating what is the correct and only solution. The words are carefully crafted, and this book is a good source if you are preparing a presentation and need examples of one-liners or one-page concepts. It is not a reference book of treasure-chest solutions and code snippets. It is more a book to read next to a fireplace and "harden" and make sense of information that you may already have but you are not sure how to frame it, organize it, or rationalize it. The nice flow in this book shows the path.

A Must Have For Developers New To OO Enterprise Applications
This book is a little bit dated, but most of what is here still applies. As long as new people are making the shift to OO devleopment, this book will be of great benefit.

First of all, the authors give a very objective view of OO devleopment without a bunch of hype. Then, the book begins by addressing the non-OO way of developing client/server applications and explains how objects can fit in.

After giving a road map of the possible ways to introduce objects into existing systems, the authors go in great detail of client, server, and "glue" OO development. The glue is essentailly the communication mechanism used between the client and server.

To round out the book, the authors give good introductions to object persistence, performance, scaleability, and security. These are all important topics with books dedicated to each of them. Readers will be ready to read the more advanced material after having read what the authors present.

The last two chapters are more speculation than fact, and it would be nice to have a second edition of this book to account for the changes since the book was published in 1998.

As a final note, managers with a techincal background but no OO experience will find the material very useful in coming up to speed on OO client/server development.


The Jericho Principle: How Companies Use Strategic Collaboration to Find New Sources of Value
Published in Hardcover by John Wiley & Sons (April, 2003)
Authors: Ralph Welborn, Vince Kasten, and Steve Ballmer
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WORTH A READ FOR THE EXAMPLES
A treatise of sorts from Unisys executives, with a foreword by Steve Ballmer. Sounds promising, though the theme is not exactly avant-garde...Brandenburger/Nalebuff covered this is in "Co-opetition" much more eloquently as long back as 1997.

A discomfortingly large chunk of the book is devoted to drilling the already established business dictum that collaboration, i.e., "a company's alignment of its business activities and processes with other organizations to create shared value and manage shared risk", is not merely a TACTICAL way of enhancing value or efficiency but is rapidly becoming a STRATEGIC necessity for the continual innovation needed to exploit fast-paced yet fleeting business opportunities.

Is it just me, or haven't we known this for what, 10 years now? This part of the book appeared to have been freeze-dried into place and was about as exciting to read as an ice tray.

Fortunately, the book soon picks up as the authors point out how collaboration, while critical for competitive relevance, is potentially risky and a pain in the rear to actually manage. Executives must evaluate the choice of partners, the form of the collaboration, the expected rewards, the possible risks, and the implications for personnel, operations and technology. In addition to explaining the underlying dynamics of collaboration, the book provides frameworks and diagnostics for the strategic and operational decision-making needed to effectively exploit the collaborative imperative.

And in this, it excels. What's more, it brims with some fascinating real-world case studies, arguably the most ambrosial of prose in any business book, and the authors cast a wide net too -- UBS, Cisco, U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency Network, the Global Straight Through Processing Association (GSTPA) etc.

Overall, a mild to medium recommendation that may just be worth your time if you are involved in collaborative operational work. If you are really serious or care about the strategic perspectives of collaborations, you may also want to take a look at "Co-opetition" or more recently "The Support Economy" -- both trailblazers in their own right.

An excellent book
This book is extremely helpful and provides indepth analysis on the subject at hand. (clever title too). it is obviouse that the authers have an outstanding knowledge of the subject matter

Get your arms around business colllaboration -Read This Book
BOOK REVIEW:
If there is one thing that is certain, we live in an uncertain and changing world. Those companies that are agile and can quickly and cost effectively change to take advantage of new business opportunities will not only survive they will thrive. Being first to market with a new products or services usually means a higher margin return while the competition is playing catch up.

Business collaboration defined by the authors as " the alignment of business activities and processes with another business to create mutual benefit" is a growing tool used by many companies to quickly and cost effectively implement new business strategies.

Technology has and will continue to evolve to further enable collaboration, as noted by the many excellent examples sited in this book. Effective collaboration requires more than technology, it requires value creation from all collaborators, shared rewards, and managed risk.

This book does an excellent job of describing how organizations build processes and services to enable collaborative partnerships and alliances. After reading this book you will be better equipped to evaluate your company's readiness for collaboration and implement measures to improve your company's readiness in key areas.


Keys to Reading an Annual Report
Published in Paperback by Barron's Educational Series (March, 1989)
Authors: George Thomas Friedlob and Ralph E. Welton
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Succinct and Informative
This book is very succinct and the explanations for each accounting concepts are very easy to understand and easy to remember. The "Red Flags" after each concept are very useful in pointing out all the possible problems that may arise. While the strengths of this book is his conciseness, it does require you to have some basic accounting background. Otherwise, some of the explanations may seem confusing. Having said that, if i am reading an annual report, I would definitely want to have this book beside me. Happy reading!

Great Little Book To Help You Understand Financial Reports



"Keys To Reading An Annual Report" by George Thomas Friedlob and Ralph E. Welton is a wonderful, little book for all investors. Each of the fifty, three-or-four-page sections covers a key concept that investors should understand when reading a public company's annual report and other financial statements.

"Keys To Reading An Annual Report" is no substitute for a complete text about financial statement analysis, such as "The Analysis And Use of Financial Statements," but "Keys To Reading An Annual Report" is an excellent first read for new investors who are learning to understand financial statements. And, experienced readers of annual reports will probably find this book a useful review.

Some of the fifty key topics covered include:

--SEC Forms 10-K, 10-Q, and the 8-K
--Current Assets
--Cash and Receivables
--Cost of Goods Sold and Inventories
--Property, Plant, and Equipment
--Depreciation
--Intangibles and Other Assets
--Depletion and Amortization
--Current Liabilities
--Bonds and Amortization
--Owner's Equity
--Classes of Stock
--Treasury Stock
--Discontinued Operations
--Ratio Analysis
--Taxes and Tax Deferrals

Many of the topics "Red Flag" things to which investors should pay special attention. For example, the chapter about Depreciation Red Flags: "The basis for long-lived asset valuation is historical cost. Because depreciation does not measure actual decline in value, the net book value of a long-lived asset (historical cost - accumulated depreciation) is not a good measure of the cost of replacing the asset. Neither is net book value a good measure of what the asset would bring if sold." (i.e., depreciation expense is a way of expensing the long-lived asset. And, the balance sheet only lists the so-called "unexpired cost.")

The red flag also discusses the difficulty in comparing depreciation across different companies because of the different ways depreciation may be computed.

The section about Treasury Stock tells us: "Stock Issued by a company may later be reacquired by the company. In some cases, the company may retire or cancel this stock. When reacquired stock is not retired or canceled, it is referred to as treasury stock." (there is a nice glossary at the end of the book.).

Friedlob and Welton point out that treasury stock is not an asset. "A company cannot create an asset by holding stock in itself."

However, because the reacquired stock may have been reacquired at a different price than it was originally issued, the wealth within the company can change in such a treasury stock transaction. For example, suppose stock is issued for $20 per share, but reacquired for $2 per share (it's an internet company!), then, somehow, the company has taken in $18 per share on the transaction. How is this accounted for in the financial statements?

Friedlob and Welton explain: "Just as treasury stock is not an asset, a loss or gain cannot result from treasury stock transactions. 'Things' happen that you and I would call a 'loss' (reacquiring treasury stock for $20 per share and later reissuing it for $12) or a 'gain' (reacquiring treasury stock for $30 per share and later reissuing it for $40). But it is illegal for a company to produce a gain or loss transacting in its own stock. When total stockholder's equity is decreased by treasury stock transactions (a loss), the decrease is generally taken directly from retained earnings. No loss is taken... When total stockholder's equity is increased by treasury stock transactions (a gain), the increase is recorded as a separate source of capital called Paid-In Capital from Treasury Stock Transactions."

So, by reading a little, two-page section about treasury stock in Keys To Reading An Annual Report, you probably now know more than 99% of all investors know about treasury stock!

"...If you are new to investing, you might also want to pick up a copy of Barron's "Keys To Investing In Common Stocks," which is an excellent first read for investors.

Peter Hupalo, Author of "Becoming An Investor"

Keys to Reading an Annual Report
This small manual concisely and succinctly presents the major elements of financial statements in easy to read, line-by-line format. It is not only ideal for the average investor without an accounting background, but also for the accountant who needs to explain financial statement concepts and presentations to others. Its examples are easy to relate to and quite illustrative. I regret this wasn't available when I tried to decipher "Accounting 101".


The Killing Season
Published in Mass Market Paperback by Signet (June, 1996)
Author: Ralph Compton
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A fair to middling good story
Hi folks,

I'm James Drury. I've just finished three novels by Ralph Compton in the last couple of weeks and this is one of them, so tonight I wanted to share with you my views on a rare writer that I think the world should be sad to have lost.

Ralph Compton kept his books clean and readable for anyone, and that is certainly a rarity these days. He kept the action moving, and if you don't mind some historical inaccuracies you will really like his books. As the previous reviewer indicated, just please don't take Mr. Compton seriously on a lot of his writing where historical figures are represented. He is not always true to facts. His gun leather and much of his detail about western dress is also erroneous, and these are my reasons for not giving this book a five star rating. Otherwise, it is very readable.

As an aside, I'm reading books on tape now by another author by the name of KIRBY JONAS, and I highly recommend that if you like Western novels you try him out. He has quickly become my favorite. And on his newer books, I am one of his proofreaders--so YES, I can vouch for his historical authenticity and beautiful writing style.

Compton at His Best
I have read seven Compton novels and "The Killing Season" is a cut above the rest. This book uses the strongest characters from the first novel to good advantage.

One small negative that will not be apparent to the reader until reading the third Stone novel, "Autumn of The Gun" is Compton's weaving real historical figures into the novel. In this book, Compton does not distort history so the surfacing figures like Bill Hickok do not damage the storyline.

If you choose to read "Autumn of The Gun", you need to consider that Compton's viewpoint (Which becomes Nathan Stone's viewpoint) about Wyatt Earp is not supported by historical fact.

Ralph Compton's Best book
I've read all of the books in the Nathan Stone series and I think this is the best one. In The Dawn of Fury, occasionally things got off track, and in The Autumn of the Gun, it was a little odd because the dates were off. But this is one of Ralph Compton's best books, and I'd recommend it to anyone.


On the Kabbalah and Its Symbolism
Published in Paperback by Schocken Books (February, 1996)
Authors: Gershom Gerhard Scholem, Ralph Manheim, and Bernard McGinn
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Historical view of Kabbalah
Speaking mainly in a historical sense, the author discusses many of the concepts that have developed in the study of Kabbalah. The concepts are not written about to be understood, only where they have developed. The author presents his material in a very objective way without any noticeable bias toward one system or another. Don't expect to walk away from this and be on the road to enlightenment. However, with that said, I do think it is important to the student of Kabbalah to understand the roots of the matter. This book does nicely in this respect. One should not start on the mystic road unless one knows who cleared the trees and laid the gravel.

Introdaction to Kabbalah
As it's titel, this book is a must book for every freshman student in Kabbalah & Jewish Mysticism (although not easy to read).But not only for freshmen. As a Ph.D student,I need to use this book & the other musterpiece works of Prof. Scholem. Although many criticism was written about Scholem's views (mainly by Prof. Idel & Prof. Libbes), his books & his other works are & will remaine the masterworks of the Kabbalah study.

kabbalah
I learned a great deal from Herr Doktor Gershom Scholem (1897-1982) through his text, "On the Kabbalah and Its Symbolism". Dr Bernard McGinn, Divinity School, University of Chicago, wrote in the introduction, "I believe that all students of mysticism should read Scholem, not only for his profound insights into the Jewish mystical tradition, but also to deepen their understanding of the dynamics of other mysticisms -- Christian, Islamic, and even those further afield." Professor Scholem presents an historical perspective with the full knowledge that there are other approaches. "From an historical point of view", he writes, "the sum of religious phenomena known as mysticism consists in the attempts of mystics to communicate their experiences to others." Within this context, this text explores broad sweeping topics in each chapter -- topics that deservedly have receieved attention by intelligent scholars for centuries. In the first chapter, "Religious Authority and Mysticism" Herr Doktor Scholem presents a thesis fundamental to his research, "there is no mysticism as such, but only the mysticism of particular religious systems, Christian, Islamic and Jewish mysticism, and so on". The mystic working within a religious system is, according to Scholem, at the same time both conservative and revolutionary. "Conservative" because the mystic tries to preserve the sources of traditional authority, and "revolutionary" because the mystic also may subsititue his own opinion for that prescribed by authority. In the second chapter, titled, "The Meaning of the TORAH in Jewish Mysticism", Scholem explains the dynamic relationship between the TORAH and the mystic. Scholem presents three fundamental principles on which the Kabbaslistic conceptions of the nature of the TORAH are based: (1) YWVH; (2) TORAH as oganism; (3) Infinite meaning of the divine word. As an example of the third, in addition to the the concept of written and oral TORAHs, the author of the "ZOHAR" speculates four levels of meaning: (1) literal (2) hermeneutic (3) allegorical and (4) mystical. The history of Judaism, Scholem explains in the third chapter, is a tension between the purity of the reality of GOD. The dynamic involved is clearly presented in the realization that the price of GOD's purity is the loss of her living reality. Scholem offers that the Book Bahir, a cornerstone of 12th century Kabbalistic thought, introduces myth into Judaism. Remarkably, it contends evil as an attribute of GOD. In a similar vein, the commentary on the Sefer Yetzirah by Judah ben Barzilai introduced speculative thinking to Jewish theosophy. The fourth chapter, "Tradition and New Creation in the Ritual of the Kabbalists" presents a solution to a problem faced by each new generation. Namely, how are the traditions passed on in a vital and meaningful medium. The Mishnal codified Jewish religious law and ritual for an agrarian community had survived for centuries. As the agrarian society diminished, the TORAH became obsolete and the natural rituals became less meaningful, historical rituals. The Spanish Kabbalists found a new ritual to express the old traditions. Scholem writes, "The rejuvenation of religion repeatedly finds its expression in a return to ancient images and symbols, even when these are 'spiritualized' and transformed into speculative constructions." R. Yanassan Gershom has already succinctly summarised the fifth chapter which deals with the concept of the Golem. I will take the liberty to direct you to his comments. If you are interested in historical issues of the Kabbalah, this is essential reading for you.


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