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By: Lauren M.
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This is one of my new favorite books, that really helps explain the living world concept.
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Overall I would say that anyone interested in history, particularly milleniarism, should read/buy "The Great Year." The book is an engaging, comprehensive survery of milleniarism along with a great deal of history to boot.
"The Great Year" and "The Great Week" are views of history that have been accepted by many cultures/religions - Hebrews, Christians, Platonists, etc. According to this view, history is predetermined and fulfills itself in phases of various lengths. In the Hebrew book of Jubilees a "year" is 49 years, for example. In another culture a 4-phase historical cycle may involve completely different time scales. The Hebrews tended to see their "Great Year" cycles as successive renewals with God's covenant through prophets like Moses, with alternating cycles where the covenant is broken and people suffer, the explanation given as not following God's laws. Everyone is certainly familiar with how Christians believe their destiny will be fulfilled!
The author of "The Great Year" argues that history is not predetermined, that human behavior and events are not so predictable, and that historians often bias their accounts using various filters, especially the theory that history and humanity are always progressing.
Very broadly speaking, what the author seeks to accomplish in this very large survey are three things: 1) To define "The Great Year" concept and pinpoint how and when it manifested itself in various cultures. Millenarian movements in Christianity and other cultures are discussed thoroughly. Some readers may be surprised at how widespread and pervasive milleniarism has been over time in many cultures and religions. 2) To show that historians who view history in terms of progress are in error. Karl Popper wrote a book called "The Poverty of Historicism" that Campion and others have cited to show that historical accounts are often biased by false preconceptions. 3) To demonstrate that a number of currents in history, such as Marxism, are actually millenarian movements themselves, describing history in their own terms of fulfillment of their predetermined goals.
I feel that the author suceeds very well with these aims. I was particularly impressed with his insight in observing that adherents of the more modern movements such as Marxism and Nazism indeed act exactly like those who claim that a select group of people will be "saved" because they believe in a "Saviour," that history is following their version of a predetermined conclusion.
In the end, however, I found parts of this otherwise excellent book unsatisfactory because the author, while accurately depicting the fallacies of other historical views, himself falls into what I would call the trap of reason, that reason and material "proof" are the sole arbiters of "truth."
In the first part of the book Mr. Campion critisizes Jung for the latter's writings which stated that excessive materialism had corrupted mankind and made it more bellicose, hence 2 world wars in an era of great technological progress. He claims that there is no "proof." It's a shame that Dr. Jung can't defend himself, as I'm certain he could. But let me say, if the lack of spiritual values - compassion, tolerance, humility, a bond with something Divine, etc., which have in no way kept up with our material development in this century - is not one of the major causes of our almost total preoccupation with materialism, then we might as well discard the timeless teachings of many teachers, theologians, and others, who have attempted to bring some civility and purpose into this often Godless, corrupted world. Personally I am not willing to do this.
I also found the author's attack on "New Age" thinkers, like Helen Blavatsky and others, only too typical of the trite criticisms of materialistic thinkers. I even checked out one of his sources, who wrote a trilogy debunking Blavatsky and others (I can't remember the author's name), and parts of the 2 books I perused were in my opinion sadly failed attempts to attack the messangers while not attempting to take on the far more difficult and important task of evaluating their messages. Not at all surprising, for how can we "prove" that there is a God, or that there are Masters of Wisdom, karma, reincarnation, etc., which would point to some spiritual meaning for life? There are those who try to prove these things, even doctors, scientists, etc., but from what I could tell from this book, to Mr. Campion and his sources it's doubtful that any proof would ever suffice. To me a purely materialistic reading of history, where there is no ultimate Purpose and meaning - which I would claim can be pursued by trying to grow spiritually, often through multiple physical incarnations - is itself in one important sense lacking in purpose.
An introductory chapter provides an explanation of terms used in the handbook, particularly useful for interpreting the data given in the later tables. This classified arrangement helps one easily comprehend related terms used in the later chapters. There is also a 30+ page alphabetically arranged glossary at the end of the text. Other features of the introductory chapter include a bibliography of references used to compile the data tables, and a separate bibliography of further recommended readings.
Chapter 2 focuses on industrial hygiene. After a brief section on the chemistry of hazardous materials, the bulk of this chapter deals with sampling techniques to determine exposure levels and personal protective equipment. The contents of this chapter make particular reference to OSHA (U. S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration) guidelines.
The third chapter is essential for using the tables in the rest of the work, as it consists of a table of synonyms for chemical name showing the common name that is used in the remainder of the work. Each of the remaining chapters focuses on one aspect of chemical safety. Chapter four is a guide to reactivity, fire, and explosion data and includes tables on mutually reactive chemical groups, fire/explosion data, and summary data on individual chemicals. Chapter five gives summary data on health risk information and Chapter six focuses on chemical spills (with data from the Department of Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook). Finally, Chapter seven deals exclusively with safe distances for fires and spills. After the glossary, an appendix shows the chemical structure and CAS Registry number of selected compounds (primarily aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons). A short index of subject terms round out the work.
Overall, the book seems to be a useful compendium; however, the organizational structure seems lacking. Rather than being organized with all information on a single compound together, the reader is forced to find data across many chapters, without the use of cross-references or a chemical name index. Often the same data is reproduced in a table and a summary paragraph for each chemical. Additionally, the many disclaimers given in the preface (though undoubtedly there for legal reasons) leave one skeptical of the true audience for this reference. In the end, this book is recommended for chemical laboratories and academic research libraries, especially those without access to the many governmental publications that govern the use, transportation, and storage of chemicals.
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Interestingly, Hammond is especially thorough where battles are concerned and sometimes includes maps to illustrate the placement of ships or soldiers in a given battle. He is also adept at describing the intellectual and artistic achievement of the Greeks and fitting them into the narrative of events. The book is well organized and the table of contents show clearly what each segment of the book is about.
While one could perhaps make the case that the book is now some fifteen years old, and therefore somewhat in need of revision, the overwhelming detail and clarity of the work must mitigate that concern. Hammond has presented what may fairly be called a masterpiece of Classical Greek history. His coverage of subjects ranging from politics to the arts, from the Persian to the Peloponnesian wars, or from Alcibiades to Xenophon (although biographical details are, perhaps of necessity, somewhat lacking) all combine to form a coherent, thorough accounting of the rise of Greece.
Enhanced by black&white photographs and an assortment of excellent maps, Hammond's 'History of Greece to 322 B.C.' should be considered an essential volume not only for the shelves of the Classical scholar, but for anyone who wishes a better understanding of one of the founding nations of the Western world.
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I found this book extremely useful and easy to follow. It has also given me the knowledge and inspiration to pursue my skills further. I highly recommend this book to all those who are thinking of taking up the art of sugarcraft.
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Full of clear and uncommon photos of the Romanov dynasty, this book is worth buying if you have any interest in the last imperial family of Russia. I covers not just Nicholas and his family but also other memebers of the extended Romanov clan, his parents etc.
Reccomnded.