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Laurence O. Williams' book, "An End to Global Warming" foretells of a not-to-distant future in which global warming and melting of ice caps due to fossil fuel consumption will submerge most of the worlds coastal cities. We have all heard predictions of Armageddon from impending environmental disasters and in some cases, have learned to take these predictions with a grain of salt. However if one proceeds through this book with this superficial approach a feeling of uneasiness soon begins to take over.
Williams has laid out his premise in a very logical systems analysis approach starting at the component parts, taking time to define scientific terms and concepts, construct relationships based on tables of relevant data, and extensively referencing pertinent results and extrapolations.
Societies increasing output of carbon dioxide and the correlation's of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere and global temperature changes are frightening. This data, along with observations of recent climactic changes and ice shelf effects, provide support to the seriousness and urgency of this global problem. Although one could possibly argue with the author's timelines as to future environmental disasters, the inevitability of these occurrences if we proceed down our current energy usage pathway is well foretold. As the real and projected effects of this warming on the earth are described and supported one is caught up in an appreciation of the magnitude of this problem could have on our future generations. The comprehensive analyses given to the many elements considered in this book may slow the reader slightly, but the author does an excellent job of putting concepts and terms in simple understandable descriptions. Time is taken, to the author's credit, to point out the colossal waste in burning our limited petroleum products which could be used for the production of needed medicines, polymers and other valuable organic industrial materials.
However, the pivotal concept that makes this book important is that Williams does more than bemoan a bleak, energy restrictive future, he offers us a well thought out solution. This solution, which is based on a clean primary energy source, and a clean transportable fuel, is based on technologies that are themselves not completely new, but on the coalescing of concepts to accomplish this unique energy revolution.
Williams gives a detailed approach for implementation of this concept and it is persuasive and elegantly constructed. The case is made for the need of a transportable fuel, and alternate fuels are compared. However, the choice of the primary transportable fuel is well supported. As a mater of fact, it is not only the optimum fuel it is probably the only choice for a transportable clean fuel. The considerations for the practical utilization of this fuel in domestic and industrial uses are studied in detail.
A new energy source is boldly presented by the author as the primary energy source for the production of electrical energy and transportable fuel. Seawater would provide all of our clean envirinmental needs. It would be utilized in this new low pollution society to more efficiently clean up polluted water and more completely destroy organic wastes. The development of a new power system is the cornerstone of this clean energy concept, and the one that makes to conversion to a pollution-free environment a possibility. More available alternate energy systems, such as solar and fission, may still allow the transition to a clean energy society and afford an interim approach to phase out carbon dioxide producing systems. However, I believe Williams is correct in emphasizing the urgency for an all out Manhattan-type project to develop this new clean power system.
The logic of the overall approach is undeniable and the insight into why, how, and when is sobering, but also interesting and exciting. Larry Williams' enthusiasm and urgency to implement an immediate change in how we look at our energy future and our environment is apparent. This book is worthy of our time to read and our commitment to do some deep thinking on the implication of these concepts on society. Hopefully this concept will motivate us all to become personally involved in the implementation of change to a more pollution-free, energy-rich, future environment.
David W. Neiswander Ph.D. - Environmental Consultant - Knoxville, TN.
The problem is energy. In this age a large reliable and safe source of energy is a necessity. It is not a luxury that can be forgone and the demand for energy will increase as more of the worlds populations come to demand the fruits of civilization--all of which, from agriculture to cell phones, require energy.
What is urgently needed is a comprehensive scenerio by which this can be accomplished. This Herculean task is what Mr. Williams has attempted--with considerable success.
It is difficult to cover all of the facets of this work in a short review, however,as an overview, Mr. williams concludes that the only vible approach will be to accept the inevitablilty of hydrogen as the portable fuel of choice and--shocking as it may seem to some--nuclear power as the original source of energy.
Along the way to reaching these conclusions, he has found it necessary to evaluate various alternatives--including the popular one of widespread conservation, which would be helpful of course, but is unlikely to be achieved on any broad basis. Mr. Williams give many of these ideas--such as solar power and a host of others--serious and courteous consideration. They all have a place--in this reviewers opinion at least--nevertheless, when examined in depth (as he does) inevitably fall short of promising a long term, ultimate solution. This part of the book is, by itself, worth reading.
The next stumbling block in accepting Mr. William's thesis is his insistance that nuclear power must be the primary source for energy. He envisions large plants producing the hydrogen from water and and, of course, there is a strong cultural bias in the general public agains anything nuclear. The foundations for this bias are dealt with convincingly. The radiation bugaboo is examined as well the general hazards which, as he shows, are no more extreme than in any energy realte activity on a large scale. Suffice it to say that coal mining and drilling for oil present similar hazards and hydrogen as a portable fuel is no more of a hazard than gasolene--although we are accustomed to the latter and familiarity breeds a level of complacency.
One starts reading a work like Mr. Willliam's rather cynically, expecting a grandiose plan for a perfect world--knowing that the devil is in the details, which are usually not provided. I am pleased to report that in this case, many of the details are identified and dealt with in an orderly fashion with a convincing candor. The plan presented here is intriguing and well documented and worthy of serious considersation.
Recommended reading.
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Stookey does not delve too deeply into the historical minutiae of how different denominations' calendrical cycles were shaped. While he does discuss differences in catholic, orthodox and protestant practices at times, these are relatively few in number, and even more rarely presented as part of a developmental line. Does this indicate a anti-catholic bias in the author (which I consider unlikely) or in the potential readership? (Stookey's own preferences sneak into the text occasionally, such on page 143, where rather than stating that Charles Wesley has a separate day from John Wesley in the United Methodist sanctoral cycle, he states that 'Charles is rightly given a separate commemoration...' [emphasis added].)
The overall theological framework for the discussion of the calendar is set out in the first chapter. 'As Christians, we ought continuously to be aware that we live at the intersection of time and eternity.' (p. 17) How this is lived out involves forging a connection with a creator who is always active in creation, not a remote observer. How this is enacted liturgically involves anamnesis and prolepsis. In my Anglo-Catholic tradition, the idea of anamnesis, that 'the liturgical observance of past events somehow brings them into our own time', is strongly maintained in the way the Eucharist is understood as being the real presence, and that the communion service is not simply a memorial or even a re-enactment, but an ongoing participation. (p. 29) The same holds true for prolepsis, that the future is already made real for us in liturgy. 'Liturgical anamnesis and prolepsis constitute a primary means by which we maintain contact with past and future.' (p. 33)
Stookey talks about the yearly cycle, beginning with a discussion the week and of Sunday. Stookey mentions the daily office, but fails to speak of it as a possible practice for those outside of cathedral/monastic settings. Stookey presents Sunday as
'...the first day of the week and the eighth day of the week are the same day. Yet even in that there is meaning: The creation of the cosmos (which God began on Day One) and the new creation are not antagonistic to each other; we do not have to leave the physical world in order to participate in the new creation in Christ...' (p. 41)
Stookey argues for a consideration of the recovery of the Hebraic way of reckoning days (with the day beginning at sundown, rather than sunrise, or some point in the middle of the night), particularly for Sunday.
'Such a reordering of Christian thinking, contrary as it is to prevailing cultural customs, could be the beginning of a new way of seeing the whole of Christian faith as a reinterpretation of commonly accepted ideas and values.' (p. 48)
Could Saturday be seen in terms of being a true Sabbath, and Sunday, beginning the sundown before, as a true day of the Lord? At my monastery in Michigan, Sunday is considered to have begun at sundown Saturday. The evening meal is thus somewhat grander in fare, and things become more relaxed as the community prepares to celebrate the Lord's day the next day. This is easier to accomplish in a monastic community than in a parish or even within a family practice, but is worthy of consideration in such settings.
Stookey's framework of the film, 'Places in the Heart', and his use of hymn texts throughout help shape and support his argument that liturgy is a pattern in which we are connected, past, present and future, to the community and to the divine. 'Events that occurred only once nevertheless become contemporaneous with us because the Risen One holds all time in unity.' (pp. 31-32) This connection can only be lived out in connection with the community (however this may get refined in actual practice), the communion of saints past, present and yet to come.