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He reveals, among many other and various tidbits, the history of Mt Everest, the indispensable qualities of yak dung (for fuel), the ignorance and widespread illiteracy of the supposedly learned monks, and the military difficulties of the expedition.
Only 1/4 of the book involves Lhasa. Of 448 pages of text, the expedition does not reach the capital city until page 326, where Waddell's observations continue on the "boasted divinity" of the Dalai Lama, whose face shows ravages of smallpox. The expedition had also been warned previously against visiting Lhasa, as the "Grand Lama might die from the shock to his religious feelings." Waddell also details the ways of life for Tibetans in the capital, who, like most Orientals of the period, "appreciate kindness, but worship strength."
Waddell appears too much in his writing. His focus is on the grand adventure, as felt by himself, rather than on the images he hopes to convey to his reader. His book is full of wonderful and interesting details, but these are sprinkled like pepper on a military and political expedition, and though intriguing from time to time, the book overall, without being tedious, is as dry a read as they come.
In "Lhasa and its Mysteries" we explore the spiritual and equally-important political landscape of the "hidden kingdom" of the Himalayas and find not a shangri-la but a complex feudal outpost.
Still Wadell utilizes his considerable sociological and historical knowledge to good effect, giving the reader an exact and in-depth account that is both a sociological treatise on the lifestyle of the peasants, the philosophy of the different lamaist lineages, and the flora and fauna then so foreign to outsiders. Anyone wishing to plumb the profound spiritual depths of the richness of Tibetan Buddhism decades prior to the Red Chinese holocaust of this important place is remiss to avoid reading "Lhasa and its Mysteries" and giving it an important place in his or her personal library.
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Overall, I suppose this book is a little dated.
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Thomas argues that gay people should not be treated differently from any other group of people if the different treatment is simply because they are gay. He thinks the government should recognize lover-unions between gay people as much as it should recognize them between straight people. However, he argues that this should not be confused with marriage, which he says should be regulated by religious organizations not under the jurisdiction of the government, where married couples are formed explicitly (though not exclusively) for the purpose of raising a family. This is quite a conservative view, one that accords with the recent interest in covenant marriages.
Thomas is concerned to show that Biblical texts, even if they clearly condemn homosexual behavior, do not give any grounds for the hateful venom directed by religious people against the homosexual community. In this he agrees with many highly conservative religious-right-type people, though many of the public ones seem to disagree at least in their behavior, at least the ones vocal on this issue. I think he goes a bit too far when he suggests that someone who finds homosexual behavior appalling should nevertheless be happy about the union. That seems unrealistic to expect.
Levin, on the other hand, refuses to rely on religious arguments for the view that what is often called "hate speech" or "hate behavior" should be tolerated (excluding physical harm, of course). He argues that those who are made uncomfortable by homosexuals should be able to avoid them, even in public circumstances and in roles of hiring and renting. I find his arguments to be fairly bad in most cases, something unusual for such a well-trained philosopher, whose work in the philosophy of mind is quite respected. These are the sort of arguments I teach my undergraduate students not to use. He makes a few nice points, but his arguments on the whole seem just unmotivated, and his criticisms of Thomas seem to miss the point in many cases. It's unfortunate that someone else couldn't have been selected for the "conservative" view, but Thomas seems to have done a good enough job satisifying this conservative.
But Levin as always, one of the most articulate political philosophers, argues some very good points against the liberationists, that is the radical left that wants to force society to accept gays. I am probably fairly unbiased, I am married, I have been around lesbians and gays a lot when I lived in San Francisco, and they just do not bother me one way or the other. Upbringing or genes--I don't know. But I fall in that small majority that doesn't want special rights for anyone, but at the same time cannot sympathize emotionally with homophobes. Christians and Communists alike offend me far more.
Having said that, Levin makes some brilliant observations against the liberationists. First, he points out that these new totalitarians are out to "force" society to accept all gays openly, and if they must they are willing, like the Bolsheviks, to kill those who cannot accept gays. That is, they are hell bent on brainwashing society to think the way they think. Levin brilliantly points out that, just like the liberationists arguments that gays are genetically born gay, likewise homophobia may also be as equally genetic. So how can it be any worse to be a homophobe than a gay? Levin states "Societies respecting the diversity of individual tastes, as ours professes to, let people shun what they find repulsive. Tolerance includes tolerating fences. Forcing people to put up with what they loathe is tyranny." He also comments that as genetic testing progresses, couples may choose to abort children that test for homosexual tendencies. And he also notes that where as the left denies that genes have any impact on the differences between blacks and whites with regards to intelligence, they then turn around and insist that genes cause homosexuality. All and all, this is a very readable book looks at more than just homosexual human rights.
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Many of the readings are also interesting and productive, especially those on Folklore and Obedience to Authority. I'd teach it in combination with a course reader, though, since there's almost no attention to the process of helping students find their voice and write more beautiful prose.
But no one book can do everything, and I plan to keep teaching this one. My students like it too -- with its focus on arguable ideas and the wonderful step-by-step breakdown of the writing process.
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