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Consequently, Asimov begins "Foundation," the first book in what was once one of the pivotal trilogies in science fiction but has now become a crossover of epic proportions with all of the Foundation/Robot/Empire novels written by Asimov (and others), deals with the end of the Galactic Empire. For 12,000 years it had ruled supreme, but now Hari Seldon can see the writing on the wall. After the Empire falls will come a dark age of ignorance, barbarism, and warfare that would last 30,000 years (I think the proportions are roughly the same for the periods of the Roman Empire and Europe's own dark age). Under the guise of preserving the accumulated knowledge of the Empire, Seldom receives permission to establish the Foundation, a sanctuary for the best minds in the Empire on the edge of the galaxy. However, his true purpose is to shorten the interregnum.
"Foundation" then continues in a series of separate but connected parts, each taking place long after Hari Seldon has died and each representing what becomes known as a "Seldon Crisis," a pivotal moment in which a choice needs to be made at a fork in the road: the right choice and humanity takes one of Seldon's predicted shortcuts. Four such episodes are presented in "Foundation," dealing with the Encyclopedeists, the Mayors, the Traders and the Merchant Princes. However, as you work your way through the original "Foundation" trilogy, continuing the story in "Foundation and Empire" and "Second Foundation," do not expect the pattern of predictability to be maintained. After all, that would be predictable, and while Asimov was interested in logic (evidence by his Robot stories), that has little to do with predictability.
Isaac Asimov remains one of the giants of what we can now refer to as "early" science fiction, and the "Foundation" trilogy, like his Robot stories, are required reading for anyone interested in the origins and growth of the field. Eventually Asimov got around to writing both a prequel ("Prelude to Foundation") and a couple of sequels ("Foundation's Edge" and "Forward the Foundation") to his original trilogy, and while you can read them in this "correct" chronological order, I would still argue for reading them in the order Asimov originally wrote them. This is not so much because what happens in the prequel is clearly informed by what happens in the "later" books, but because I think the trilogy loses something from a full-formed Hari Seldon. In "Foundation" he is a major figure, but a minor character. At least get through the original trilogy before you pay attention to he man behind the curtain.
The major focus of this book is to show that the Bible is not infallible but affected by historical and cultural limitations in wisdom and knowledge. The authors maintain that "this book is written not to discourage either faith in God or reverence for the Bible." In fact the authors claim, "we are not 'secular humanists', nor are we 'fanatical liberals.' We believe in God and love the Bible. Our chief purpose in writing this book is to further the pursuit of truth..." (xviii). Later they maintain that "God has, indeed, provided mankind with an excellent source of inspiration and guidance in the form of the Bible" (p.30). Yet, what exactly they believe about God is never clarified nor what they consider excellent about the Bible. In fact their pursuit of truth is such that two noted atheists, Steve Allen and Isaac Asimov, can compliment the book with a forward and introduction respectively.
The book is divided into twelve chapters, an appendix, and some suggested readings. The chapters include: a presentation of the claims of some former fundamentalists (members of Fundamentalists Anonymous) that their religious instruction led to views that caused psychological trauma; a presentation of relevant teachings from evangelists Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell; five chapters pointing out "particular implausibilities or inconsistencies" in Scripture that arise when approached as inerrant; a chapter on conjectured historical influences on biblical authors; and finally a chapter (at four pages, tied for shortest with the first on what is a fundamentalist?) on "Unlocking the Wisdom of the Bible." The latter, by the way, gives no insights from Scripture but is simply a concluding call for "genuine questioning" of the Bible so as to recognize the misguided nature of viewing "the Bible as 'perfect' or 'inerrant'..."in order to make the wisest possible use" of it.
For the authors the Bible is very much a fallible book. It contains a pre-scientific cosmology and endorses some archaic moral positions that violate justice and decency. Even Jesus, while having some admirable traits, is portrayed in the Gospels "at times as narrow-minded, vindictive, discourteous, ethnocentric, and even hypocritical" (p.60). What, then, is the value of this book? Well, for those with an axe to grind against Judaism or Christianity it can supply lots of ammunition and leave them feeling intellectually and morally superior. For the "fundamentalist," for whom the book is intended, it might instigate a serious reappraisal of any smug or simplistic view of biblical inerrancy and interpretation. The authors' comparatively polite manner can have the effect of being hit by a mace under a crocheted wool cover. Sadly, I think the book's readership more likely to be of the former type rather than the latter. People tend to read according to their predilection. I would definitely not recommend it for those of fragile faith. But for those open to critical inquiry it is a very good critique of Scripture from a rationalist perspective.
Using this book, one will be able to gain a working familiarity with some of the more common religious thought forms of the Bronze and Iron ages. A major conclusion of his work is that Yahweh is distinct from all the other gods in that he cares for a people while all the other gods care only for their lands. Yahweh is the electing God of love and mercy.
For gaining a better understanding of the Old Testament world, books such as this are indispensable. Block is a master teacher who knows how to systematically present ancient texts and beliefs. In the end he arrives at a profound restatement of Yahweh and His relation to Israel, resulting in a summary exposition of Ezekiel 8-11. In that text we discover how the Glory of Yahweh leaves the temple and heads east to leave Jerusalem and depart from Israel. This movement is explained in the Babylonian context where gods often leave temples when they are dragged away by captors. Yahweh, however, is unique in that his departure is voluntary and under his own power, for he is doing with the other gods can not and do not do. My summary can not do justice, you really need to get the book and read all the details for yourself.
The book is divided into five basic chapters that can each be read in one sitting. As a result, I found myself reading this book in less than a week -- and with little effort, which is good for me being that I am slowest of all readers. That is, I did not find myself spending all my free time reading, but the pages evaporated into the past as quickly as they appeared: the reading was over before I realized what hit me.
I have spent a good amount of time reading Ancient Near Eastern material, and I feel like this treaties has been the most pleasant and enjoyable. One critique I would give, which is really a wish and not a critique, is that it would be nice if there were a chapter on the New Testament. I would like to see Block develop his theme in relation to Jesus, who is the Lord of the New Exodus. Jesus is the "Yahweh-Saves" Man, and it would be wonderful to see how Block would incorporate this into his overall scheme (in my mind, the idea is perfectly complimentary to Block's present thesis, and I'd like to read the good professor's take on the matter). Where Block does not develop the theme, I recommend reading "God Crucified" by Richard Bauckham (available on Amazon), or "The Challenge of Jesus" by N.T. Wright, esp. chapter 5, also available on Amazon.
I enjoyed this book immensely. I wish there was a second volume with more stories about "Yossele Golem" and The Maharal's Prague.
This book deserves wide readership among clergy and laity alike. I would especially recommend it for all deacon candidates.