This book gave it all to me. It is well written and full of humor, which I found very enlightening when you are dealing with disease and death. I strongly & highly recommend this book to anyone who knows or cares about someone with any severe illness or life threatening disease.
I just finished this absolutely wonderful book & am buying 2 more copies for friends. I suggest you read it and do the same.
Rube provides an interesting comparison to today's professional baseball players. Surprisingly, there are many more similarities than there are differences. The players are more than players; they're stage, TV and movie personalities; they're national hero's and role models; and they represent America to the rest of the world. Contract disputes, holdouts and trades are an important part of the game. Salaries are unbelievable. And, of course, scandals erupt on a regular basis. Rube illustrates that baseball is a grand mixture of what goes on between the white lines and what goes on outside the white lines. This is baseball.
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Could Carmen Electra be any dumber? Yes! With pages upon pages devoted to the verbally challenged who make up Hollywood's elite (in addition to dozens of atheletes, politicians, etc), They Said That! is sure to amuse. I recommend this book to all lovers of popculture.
The author claims that the identification of probability as frequency is too restricted. He proposes its interpretation
as 'logic under uncertainty' where uncertainty means not randomness
but lack of full descriptions and data.
He says the second approach is much more powerfull.
One could say that the two definitions relate to two
different things that coincide in some cases. It is not
necessary that they are the same thing.
One also can observe that the deepest meaning of probability
is the dryest one: it is simply a function that allows the
calculation of time and space averages.
Once you define it like that you do not need to write any
big book about it. Probability is a special case of Analysis;
given a number of statistics you find a function that can
reproduce them. No need for repeated experiments or incomplete
knowledge and the like.
If you work in any field where on needs to "reason with incomplete information" this book is invaluable.
As others have already mentioned, Jaynes never finished this book. The editor decided to "fill in" the missing parts by putting excercises that, when finished by the reader, provide what (so the editor guesses) Jaynes left out. I find this solution a bit disappointing. The excercises don't take away the impression that holes are left in the text. It would have been better if the editor had written the missing parts and then printed those in different font so as to indicate that these parts were not written by Jaynes. Better still would have been if the editor had invited researchers that are intimately familiar with Jaynes' work and the topic of each of the missing pieces to submit text for the missing pieces. The editor could then have chosen from these to provide a "best guess" for what Jaynes might have written.
Finally, there is the issue of Jaynes' writing style. This is of course largely a matter of taste. I personally like his writing style very much because it is clear, and not as stifly formal as most science texts. However, some readers may find his style too belligerent and polemic.
To frequentist statisticians, probability theory is the study of relative frequencies or of proportions of a population; those are "probabilities".
To Bayesian statisticians, probability theory is the study of degrees of belief. Bayesians may assign probability 1/2 to the proposition that there was life on Mars a billion years ago; frequentists will not do that because they cannot say that there was life on Mars a billion years ago in precisely half of all cases -- there are no such "cases".
To _subjective_ Bayesians, probability theory is about subjective degrees of belief. A subjective degree of belief is merely how sure you happen to be.
"Noninformative" _objective_ Bayesians assign "noninformative" probability distributions when they deal with uncertain propositions or uncertain quantities, and replace them with "informative" distributions only when they update them because of "data". "Data", in this sense, consists of the outcomes of random experiments.
"Informative" _objective_ Bayesians -- a rare species -- ask what degree of belief in an uncertain proposition is logically necessitated by whatever information one has, and they don't necessarily require that information to consist of outcomes of random experiments.
Jaynes is an "informative" objective Bayesian. This book is his defense of that position and his account of how it is to be used.
"Pure" mathematicians will not find that this book resembles that branch of "pure" mathematics that they call probability theory.
Jaynes rails against those he disagrees with at great length. Often he is right. But often he simply misunderstands them. For example, writing in the 1990s, he said that pure mathematicians reject the use of Dirac's delta function and its derivatives, and related topics. That is nonsense; the delta function has long been considered highly respectable, and required material in the graduate curriculum. Unfortunately Jaynes's misunderstandings may cause some others to misunderstand him when he is right. Statisticians are more informed than "pure" mathematicians and will disagree with Jaynes for better reasons. _Some_ statisticians will agree with him.
Jaynes has many flaws, made all the more annoying by the fact that we need to overlook them in order to understand him. His message is important.
In simple, accessible prose, it defines and delineates what progenitor Wells calls "Consensual Democracy," which is nothing less than voluntary, direct, inclusive, open-session, open-minded, non-partisan local self-governance. Because democracy is inherently neither Liberal nor Conservative, the book is neither. Or both. But both Consensual Democracy and this book are radically pragmatic. Herein are the principles (twelve of them), and the realistic procedures, structures, formats and sample documents for organizing from the bottom up. The book can be taken entire as a kind of gospel of community renewal or sections can be broken away from the text and adapted. (Portions would make great teaching materials for civics or social studies classes.) The support materials are a sort of "Everything You Needed to Know About Democracy But Nobody Told You." For readers to see how the effort to democratize plays out in real time and with real people, the authors offer a series of dramatic (roll-playable) scenes in which the citizens of Everytown (based on the fifty-year Chestnut Hill PA experience) determine where they want to go, learn to draw out and consider each other's visions and abilities, and decide how to get there in a fiscally responsible way: by creating a consensually democratic, hands-on Community Association. A complement to sovereign government, such an Association is capable of tackling economic, social, racial, land use, environmental, business, educational and leadership problems that sovereign government fails to, often cannot, address. It proves a contentious, dynamic, unpredictable, long-term, and exhilarating undertaking. Not easy, never virtual, it fosters self-awareness, widespread participation, and enlightened self-interest. As Everytowners align their separate visions into a shared one, they create a recognizable repository of social capital--trust, competence, independence, confidence, mutual and self-respect--that is both a means and an end of living democracy.
Consensual Democracy and this, its book, propose that the true test, task, and success of our collective future lie not only in material accomplishments, which are impermanent, but also in constructive, collaborative relationships created patiently, methodically, and deliberatively over time between people who live and/or work in proximity with each other and have concern for the common good. We the People have largely lost the habit of such commitment, cooperation and communality. Consensual Democracy revives the practices and, in time, the habits necessary for evolving such rewarding, life a-affirming and freedom-sustaining political and personal relationships. "Recreating Democracy" reminds us that such habits can be taught. Our kids will need them. Only healthy, self-organizing, self-renewing civic cells are immune to the viruses of terror, national disarray, economic decline and global chaos.
Recreating Democracy be read as a companion volume to Robert Putnam's
Bowling Alone. .... What Recreating
Democracy provides is practical guidelines for citizens to create
contexts for political conversation and action. "Civic
engagement" as Putnam employs the concept, refers to informal
networks as rich civic resources, but these networks do not
necessarily inspire public debate and wider social questioning. Wells
and Lemmel offer "new tools and methods" that look beyond
individual concerns to their political and structural dimensions and
provide citizens with a blueprint for creating a means of engaging in
public discussion. If one is interested in creating civic engagement
that produces public-spirited conversation and action, providing
citizens with a public context to voice their political concerns, then
Recreating Democracy should be their handbook.
What is both
refreshing and unconventional in this book is not only the methods for
civic renewal but also the way in which they are presented. With a
highly pragmatic commitment to provide realistic and useful tools, the
authors take the reader through a detailed process of civic
conversation and action with chapters written in the form of
hypothetical yet entirely believable letters, memos, and
"dramatic scenes." These unconventional chapters are
accompanied by more traditional chapters on theory and practice.
The
conceptual framework for this book, what the authors call
"consensual democracy," emerged out of more than a
half-century of experience in community building in a community
outside of Philadelphia. Consensual democracy is defined as democracy
by consent (not consensus) deriving authority from the freely given
consent of individual citizens. This is contrasted with
"sovereign government," deriving power from public laws and
police powers.
Among the most useful and exciting tools of
consensual democracy are "the community catalyst" and
"consensual taxation." A community catalyst is a public
workshop designed to create a vision of a community's future and a
plan for achieving that vision through voluntary action. Consensual
taxes, along with a consensual tax bill, allows citizens to know
detailed financial information about budgeted community programs and
provides them with the opportunity to support or withhold support from
programs and expenses for which they are assessed.
Recreating
Democracy should be consulted by anyone interested in the civic arts,
as a primer not only for community renewal but for renewing the skills
of democratic citizenship. As John Dewey wrote in The Public and Its
Problems (1927) "faculties of effectual observation, reflection,
and desire are habits acquired under the influence of the culture and
institutions of society, not readymade inherent powers." Fewer
and fewer institutions in our culture inspire these faculties and
habits. Wells and Lemmel have performed a valuable public service by
providing tools for acquiring these habits of democracy as a means of
civic renewal.
Best of all the format of this book is straight-forward and easy to understand. I'm a 20 something computer profesional with very little background in civics, but this book made a difficult concept very easy to follow. It's actually laid out like a play, with simple characters representative of different personalities you probably have in your town. Add to that an impressive appendix of all the forms referred to in the play, and you have a book that really does make a complicated concept easy to digest.
All in all I'd highly recommend this book to anyone interested in their community and civics in general. It will introduce the complexities of building a community and offer a clear path on how to achieve that goal.
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This American husband and wife team seem to have lived many divers dream existence. Travelling the Indo Pacific for 13 years, they would camp on a beach with their own compressor and make three dives a day collecting sponge specimens for medical research.
The scientific information is clear and broken down into digestible chunks, enlivened by well annotated pictures - everything from mantis shrimps eating coral shrimps, to frogfish camouflaged against cup corals. Predation, reproduction, camouflage, feeding and mimicry are all wonderfully explained. And, in keeping with the mood of the times there is a final section on reefs in danger - overfishing, cyanide, pollution etc, complete with appropriate photos including a poignant shot of an octopus trying to cover itself with a piece of broken plastic audio-cassette.
A substantial glossary at the end of the book covers everything from allelopathy to zooxanthellae.
The strength and value of this book is that it is not just a collection of good underwater images, I suspect it will become an invaluable primer for any diver who wants to look at reefs in an intelligent way.
If you are a diver and you really want to get acquainted with the underwater world, stop swimming and start looking. And this book gives you step by step pointers on how to go about looking and helps you understand what you are seeing.