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Hanson only spends a couple of pages on the cross-examination, but she does focus on the point where Bryan admitted that the days in Genesis were not necessarily 24-hour days. This, of course, is the focal point of the play's version of what happened. However, an examination of the trial transcript shows that Bryan, knowing where Darrow was going with his questions, was actually attempting to pre-empt the line of attack; he was not force to admit the point, but actually volunteered the point. After all, according to Genesis the sun, moon, and stars were not created until the fourth day. So, while Hanson does not let the cross-examination dominate the story of the trial, she does buy into the importance of that particular declaration. So while "The Scopes Monkey Trial" focuses more on what happened in the court that most juvenile accounts, it still falls short of adequately capturing the legal arguments of the trial.
Hanson provides a lot of information about the trial, including details about all of the various witnesses for the prosecution and the defense. I was also pleased to see that she pays more attention to Dudley Field Malone's speech in defense of academic freedom than you will find in Edward J. Larson's Pulitzer Prize-winning account of the trial "Summer of the Gods." However, for a book that is focusing on the trial as a court case, I was surprised that it does not given young readers a clear sense of the stages of the trial. The cross-examination of the third and final stage of the trial was intended to embarrass Bryan; the decision had already been made to ask the jury to find Scopes guilty. Darrow would even refrain from giving a closing argument just to prevent Bryan from giving the "Back to God" speech he had been working on for weeks.
Malone's speech represents the key position of the defense, which was to reconcile evolution and Genesis. This is important because it was this rhetoric of reconciliation that was intended to be their position and not the ridicule of Bryan that came to characterize their position. Furthermore, Hanson ignores the first stage of the trial, where defense attorney Arthur Garfield Hays argued the Butler Act was unconstitutional. Hays is mentioned in the book (but not in the index) so young reader do not learn about how he drafted up a law patterned on the Butler Act to teach that the Earth was the center of the universe, just like it says in the Bible.
Another strength of the book is how Hanson covers the legal cases involving evolution and creationism from the Epperson v. Arkansas case that finally saw the anti-evolution laws declared unconstitutional to more recent court actions. The book is illustrated with black & white photographs, including several which I have never seen before (and since I did my dissertation on the Scopes trial I had some reason to believe I had seen pretty much everything out there). In terms of primary and secondary sources, Hanson certainly availed herself of a better selection than any other author of a juvenile account of the trial....
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I realize this is fiction, but shouldn't it seem plausible? Couldn't the bad guys have tracked them by credit card transactions? How could people on the run and in hiding have so many fancy dinners? Isn't it amazing how they escape every bad scenario without a scratch? They kept returning to locations they were known to frequent or would likely be and these places were never staked out. Why didn't Dr.Duran suffer any long term effects from having his brain messed with so substantially? Everyone is so multi-talented as to be sickening.
The premise of the book was excellent and worth the read if only to broaden your mind as to how freaky things really are in the world. But, once you get halfway through, figure it out your self and put the book in your yard sale box.
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The technical aspects, however, were very good when they were actually given the spotlight for a few minutes.
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FIRE LOVER probably doesn't measure up because there's not a whole lot of suspense. We know from the synopsis that arson investigator John Orr may have been the most notorious arsonist since Nero. Orr was a brazen offender, setting fires in the middle of the day when customers were in the stores, leading to the death of four at Ole's Home Center in South Pasadena. But he makes one big mistake, leaving his fingerprint on yellow legal paper that was used, along with a cigarette, a rubber band and three matches, to start a fire similar to the one at Ole's Home Center. The fingerprint was almost ignored because of the jealousy between firemen and police arson investigators.
Much of the book involves courtroom gymnastics. There are so many closing statements that you tell yourself, "this must be the last one." But you're wrong. There are more of them during the penalty phase and Wambaugh cites them all, practically verbatim.
Wambaugh is also famous for his irreverent narrative tone. This works in CHOIRBOYS, where we assume the narrator is a man in blue, but here he's supposed to be an objective journalist. He refers to jurors, lawyers, and judges as "...strange fish that lazily glide, blowing gas bubbles that pop ineffectually on the surface of the litigation tanks in which they live and breed." He likes this strange fish motif so much he uses it over and over again.
All of this said, I'm still looking forward to Wambaugh's next fictional tome. It seems an eternity since FLOATERS.
My only complaint is that the trial part of the book might be too long. But as usual, Wambaugh shows his insights into how the system works, or sometimes does not work. The system worked here, but it was a very long journey.
I think over the writing career of Joseph Wambaugh, we owe him a debt for telling us outsiders how police departments and now fire departments actually work. I feel we owe them a debt that they do work. The book is a very good read.
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Don't believe me? The proof is right here, in the reviews.
Notice how most all of the people that rated this book badly have their own apparent agendas. ... .
This book isn't for people with agendas. This book is for people who desire the facts. And you would think that makes it less exciting, but quite the opposite - outside of UFO sightings, no topic has been more sensationalistically covered than the JFK assassination, and that leaves the average person eventually wanting to know what the truth really is. ...
This book is also especially useful if you want to get a thorough background into Lee Harvey Oswald, his wife, and Jack Ruby. These people are usually given a paragraph or two of biography in the supermarket checkout books on JFK. But this book treats them properly - and you readers won't be disappointed.
This book methodically takes out theories and rumors and refutes them with evidence - many of them with short work. Any and every substantiated rumor or theory presented in JFK is utterly refuted. One reader wrote critically about a discomfort with the spasm theory, but no spasm theory is required actually - Newton's second law applied towards the ballistic reaction to the point of entry and exit adequately explain the tape, refute the grassy knoll, are repeatedly emphasized in this book, and all this is done without any need for a discussion on spasms.
Unfortunately, what this book probably doesn't do is refute new twists and spins of the JFK theorists since its original printing. In the past 2 months there have been new conspiracy theories, complete with "witness" accounts, which, although contradict *much* of the *prior *consipiracy theories publicized, are nevertheless presented as the current de facto conspiracy theory of the day. This somewhat new consipiracy spin is much in part to THIS BOOK and others like it, whose proof has slowly been tested, video taped, computer generated, and made available to general public, leaving a conspiracy theory vacuum which has only recently started to be refilled.
Therefore, this book is landmark not only due to how well it is written, documented, and presented, but for the mere fact that it has caused a total shift in the whole tabloid consipracy theory book market: read one a year before this book was published and read one now, and you will see the difference.
Read this book, and you will know the real scientific facts and be able to see through falsehoods and sensationalistic rumor presented as fact. Next time you watch a hyped-up JFK conspiracy documentary for the masses, you will feel like you are backstage at a puppet show.
Posner creates a convincing portrait of a small, bitter, violent man who, by 11/22/1963, was a failure as a husband, father and as the revolutionary he saw himself to be. He had already failed to assassinate General Walker several months. The Kennedy motorcade gave Oswald one last chance to prove himself as a revolutionary, after having been rebuffed in his attempts to defect to Cuba.
Posner also give us a vivid portrait of Jack Ruby as a small-time hustler, a glory-seeking braggart who was too much of a bigmouth to be a member of any conspiracy, much less one to kill a president. If any one of several circumstances, completely out of Ruby's control, had happened even slightly differently, he would have missed his chance to kill Oswald.
We also get an unvarnished look at Jim Garrison, the corrupt and publicity-hungry DA who probably went after Clay Shaw to deflect media attention from his own legal problems.
Posner convincingly discredits almost all of the sources that conspiracy theorists accept as gospel and raises serious questions about the rest.
His examination of the event surrounding the actual assassination makes a few things unmistakably clear:
* The Manlicher-Carcano 6.5mm rifle was a far better rifle than conspiracy theorists would have us believe, more than capable of hitting the targets Oswald had to hit.
* The Zapruder film establishes that Oswald had about 8 to 8.6 seconds to get off three shots, with about 3 seconds between shots 1 and 2 and five more seconds to the final head shot.
* While not a great marksman by Marine standards, Oswald was sufficiently skilled with a rifle to do the shooting required in the time allotted.
* Kennedy and Connally were hit simultaneously by the second shot.
* The tumbling trajectory of the anything-but-pristine second bullet could easily have caused all of the wounds to Kennedy and Connally that the Warren Commission said it did,
* The movement of Kennedy after the fatal headshot was completely consistent with someone being hit from behind (as are the wounds to Kennedy's skull).
Whatever you do, don't take my word for it. Read "Cased Closed" and decide for yourself. I challenge anyone with an open mind to read this book and come to any conclusion other than that Oswald acted alone.
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And he buys that!!!! Come on now!!! He knows he is battling a very vindictive and dangerous cult and seems utterly incapable of putting 2 and 2 together when it comes to obvious things, throughout the entire book. So much so, that the reader loses confidence in him and cannot identify, because nobody with half a brain would be so gullible. This flaw is repeated throughout the book. Also, Daly is directly responsible for the "microwaving death" of a young student, yet doesnt express any guilt, another disjointed example of a non-too believable lead character. This may seem picky, but when one reads a thriller, it becomes increasingly annoying- so much so that you want to reach into the pages and slap some sense into the so called investigative reporter.
Washington Post reporter Frank Daley is looking forward to joining the scientific expedition heading to the remote Arctic island of Spitsbergen for what could be a major part of the story of the year. The team will try to recover strains of the "Spanish Lady" from some deceased minors, allegedly preserved by the frozen tundra. Frank misses the trip north due to a storm, but catches up with the ship and crew on their return. However, everyone seems frightened and no one will talk about what they found on the island. The obstinate Frank keeps digging in hope of finding a deep throat, but instead he learns that Armageddon may be just around the corner.
THE FIRST HORSEMAN is a first rate biomedical thriller that will become one of the top novels of the year. With our shrinking world, the story line could have come off of yesterday's headlines. The novel highlights the return of a pandemic outbreak that shook the planet eight decades ago and could come back even deadlier than before. With this book and THE GENESIS CODE, John Case makes a case that he might just be the leader of modern day biomedical thrillers.
Harriet Klausner
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That said, I can go on to the ideas in the book, which are very good and long overdue. First, simplicity. Dunlap says it several times: business is simple. Contrary to what the gurus and B-school touts would have you believe, business is not rocket science. Business is the part that comes after rocket science, when you try to make rockets as cheap as you can and sell as many as you can at the highest possible price. In Dunlap's case, paper had already been invented. It just needed to be marketed and sold at a profit. An opulent headquarters and an elitist bureaucracy did nothing to attain that goal. So Dunlap fired most of the managerial class and sold the headquarters. Simple. He then sold all of the companies in the Scott conglomerate that didn't have any relation to tissue paper. Then he dumped most of the consultants because, he reasoned, why would a high-priced so-and-so know more about running a paper company than a person who'd spent years working in a paper company?
One of Dunlap's greatest strengths is his common sense. He was able to see, and had the nerve to say, that Scott's consultants were too brainy and pricey for the tissue paper business, and that Scott executives could work in less luxurious offices. He was able to see that a power plant was not a sensible part of a paper products company. Most important, he was able to see that Scott was not serving the people who owned it. None of these things are profound insights, they're just common sense.
It is the core of Dunlap's philosophy that I find most agreeable. The job of the employee, whether great or small, is to enhance the value of the shares of the company. Dunlap blasts away at the fashionable notions that one by one have replaced the idea that the goal of a company is to make a buck for the people who invest in it. Many of his critics believe the object of a company is to provide a steady income and benefits package to its employees. Not so, says Dunlap. Those things are secondary to a company's mission. They only make their income and benefits because the owners put up their money in the first place. The owners deserve priority. Others believe a company is a vehicle for social change, something akin to a legislature or philanthropic foundation. In this view, an executive is a mere conduit for the money which must flow from consumers to company and eventually to the institutionalized panhandlers known as fund-raisers. This class, which includes everything from college presidents and grant "writers" to fundamentalist preachers and social activists, has come to believe that they are the proper beneficiaries of corporate profit. Incredible to relate, so do some CEOs! Dunlap went into Scott with his chainsaw, and severed the link between them and his company. It's not that greed is good and charity is for suckers, as Hollywood would have us believe is the credo of business. It's that charity is the responsibility of the individual.
Dunlap doesn't mind executives doling out largesse to charity, as long as it happens after shareholders have been served.
The logical thing to do is to make sure your executives are shareholders. In this, Dunlap put his money where his mouth was. Upon becoming CEO of Scott, he invested $4 million of his own money in Scott stock. Then he summoned all the executives who hadn't been fired, and ordered them to invest heavily in Scott. By making sure his executives were shareholders, he assured himself that they would keep the shareholders interests foremost.
After these drastic steps were taken, the rest appears to have been easy. Whether it really was easy, and whether the drastic steps were easy, we may never know. Mean Business makes it sound like going into a corporation and changing deeply-rooted habits is like George Patton going in and whipping the US Army into shape. The book makes no mention of any opposition to Chainsaw Al that lasted any longer than a few minutes. Employees and directors were dismissed by the hundred, assets were sold, habits were changed, and never once did Dunlap receive a setback of any kind. It is marvelous if true. But I suspect some has gone untold in the interest of creating a legend.
It may be that the story of Sunbeam and Dunlap, if ever told, will be more interesting than Scott and Dunlap. For as Bill Clinton illustrates, an egomaniac is far more interesting when squirming than when trumpeting.
However, it is regrettable that the following case studies are a bit messy, and do not correspond to, nor pay attention to the editors' taxonomy.
Nonetheless, for those who are seriously interested in ethnic conflict regulation, this volume is worth reading.