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And just an update: the kid I gave the book to - changed his diet and now is working on his family members.
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An invaluable reference document for vintage bicycle enthusiasts! It is well and thoroughly researched and fully illustrated with photographs and beautiful line drawings of bicycles and bicycle parts as they have developed over the past one hundred years. It also contains a many helpful and interesting graphs and charts. This beautiful book is as complete and authoritative as is possible, but is very readable even for those with no technical background. It is certain to become a collectors item and was published as a very limited edition.
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The Dark Side of Shakespeare: An Iron-fisted Romantic in England's Most Perilous Times
A trilogy by W. Ron Hess
When delving into the life of the putative poet/playwright "William Shakespeare", it may well be said (irony intended) that there is less to the man than meets the eye. Neither the background, qualifications, nor the historical record seem to support the historical William Shakspere as the Bard, and historical research leave us with a number of "lost years" unaccounted for in his life. Ron Hess has undertaken a somewhat parallel task - he has examined the facts about the 17th Earl of Oxford, most likely the actual identity of the author "William Shakespeare", and shows that there is much more to the man than meets the eye. Indeed, it would seem, if we believe Mr. Hess, that there is much more to the "Shakespeare enterprise" than we had ever imagined.
The "Shakespeare enterprise" is a key concept in Hess's book. In his own words, '... The real question of importance should first be, "WHAT was Shake-spear?"' In the First Folio, Ben Jonson calls Shakespeare "Soule of the Age! ... Thou art a moniment (sic) without a tomb!" suggesting Shakespeare's purpose, that of defining the character and tone of an age. The written works are only part of a larger project, with Oxford playing an international role embodying a mythical hero, the "Palladin of England", which Hess identifies (through Greek etymology) with Pallas Athena as the "Spear-Shaker". Hess identifies that project with a long-term alliance involving the earls of Sussex, Oxford, and Pembroke, along with Lord Hunsdon and Lord Effingham, all with key roles at Court and in the London stage. According to Hess, beginning in the 1570's, 'The alliance controlled the public and semi-public stages, but I argue that the private homes of those in the alliance were where the "Shakespeare" plays each were "originated".' The alliance used stage plays as a public relations part of its efforts for promoting its desired goals, both in the earlier period when the author was anonymous and later on when the pseudonym "Shakespeare" was introduced.
Mr. Hess's book abounds with notes, appendices, references, and a bibliography which attest to the extensive research involved in its preparation, a level of research which would seem to be unmatched by orthodox Shakespeare scholars. He speaks with logic and clarity, as when he debunks the orthodox "voice of authority" in such matters as the dating of the plays. He deftly skewers their inconsistent logic, for instance, as to what standards are to be accepted or disdained as it suits their purposes in one instance vs. another. His writing style exudes candor, freshness, and openness - he works by presenting the evidence, offering alternate interpretations (including his own, of course), and inviting the readers to draw their own conclusions. And for those who have found his speaking style entertaining, this has translated into his written work as well, resulting in a colorful presentation, which abounds in Hess's rich personal literary images.
Hess dwells extensively on Oxford's possible role in international intrigue, juxtaposed in the 1570's against Don Juan of Austria, natural half- brother to the King of Spain and the great military leader of the day, a role perhaps not as far-fetched as it might seem at first glance. It has long been noted that the "Shakespeare" plays abound with topical references dated to that decade, including allusions to Don Juan. To what extent Oxford was an active player abroad in these intrigues remains to be clarified, but it is clear that he was an active player where it counted a great deal - in molding opinion first at Court, then in the world at large. For perception, image, whatever one might call it, counted a great deal in those days, even as it does today.
The Dark Side of Shakespeare: An Iron-fisted Romantic in England's Most Perilous Times
A trilogy by W. Ron Hess
When delving into the life of the putative poet/playwright "William Shakespeare", it may well be said (irony intended) that there is less to the man than meets the eye. Neither the background, qualifications, nor the historical record seem to support the historical William Shakspere as the Bard, and historical research leave us with a number of "lost years" unaccounted for in his life. Ron Hess has undertaken a somewhat parallel task - he has examined the facts about the 17th Earl of Oxford, most likely the actual identity of the author "William Shakespeare", and shows that there is much more to the man than meets the eye. Indeed, it would seem, if we believe Mr. Hess, that there is much more to the "Shakespeare enterprise" than we had ever imagined.
The "Shakespeare enterprise" is a key concept in Hess's book. In his own words, '... The real question of importance should first be, "WHAT was Shake-spear?"' In the First Folio, Ben Jonson calls Shakespeare "Soule of the Age! ... Thou art a moniment (sic) without a tomb!" suggesting Shakespeare's purpose, that of defining the character and tone of an age. The written works are only part of a larger project, with Oxford playing an international role embodying a mythical hero, the "Palladin of England", which Hess identifies (through Greek etymology) with Pallas Athena as the "Spear-Shaker". Hess identifies that project with a long-term alliance involving the earls of Sussex, Oxford, and Pembroke, along with Lord Hunsdon and Lord Effingham, all with key roles at Court and in the London stage. According to Hess, beginning in the 1570's, 'The alliance controlled the public and semi-public stages, but I argue that the private homes of those in the alliance were where the "Shakespeare" plays each were "originated".' The alliance used stage plays as a public relations part of its efforts for promoting its desired goals, both in the earlier period when the author was anonymous and later on when the pseudonym "Shakespeare" was introduced.
Mr. Hess's book abounds with notes, appendices, references, and a bibliography which attest to the extensive research involved in its preparation, a level of research which would seem to be unmatched by orthodox Shakespeare scholars. He speaks with logic and clarity, as when he debunks the orthodox "voice of authority" in such matters as the dating of the plays. He deftly skewers their inconsistent logic, for instance, as to what standards are to be accepted or disdained as it suits their purposes in one instance vs. another. His writing style exudes candor, freshness, and openness - he works by presenting the evidence, offering alternate interpretations (including his own, of course), and inviting the readers to draw their own conclusions. And for those who have found his speaking style entertaining, this has translated into his written work as well, resulting in a colorful presentation, which abounds in Hess's rich personal literary images.
Hess dwells extensively on Oxford's possible role in international intrigue, juxtaposed in the 1570's against Don Juan of Austria, natural half- brother to the King of Spain and the great military leader of the day, a role perhaps not as far-fetched as it might seem at first glance. It has long been noted that the "Shakespeare" plays abound with topical references dated to that decade, including allusions to Don Juan. To what extent Oxford was an active player abroad in these intrigues remains to be clarified, but it is clear that he was an active player where it counted a great deal - in molding opinion first at Court, then in the world at large. For perception, image, whatever one might call it, counted a great deal in those days, even as it does today.
The Dark Side of Shakespeare: An Iron-fisted Romantic in England's Most Perilous Times*
A trilogy by W. Ron Hess
When delving into the life of the putative poet/playwright "William Shakespeare", it may well be said (irony intended) that there is less to the man than meets the eye. Neither the background, qualifications, nor the historical record seem to support the historical William Shakspere as the Bard, and historical research leave us with a number of "lost years" unaccounted for in his life. Ron Hess has undertaken a somewhat parallel task - he has examined the facts about the 17th Earl of Oxford, most likely the actual identity of the author "William Shakespeare", and shows that there is much more to the man than meets the eye. Indeed, it would seem, if we believe Mr. Hess, that there is much more to the "Shakespeare enterprise" than we had ever imagined.
The "Shakespeare enterprise" is a key concept in Hess's book. In his own words, '... The real question of importance should first be, "WHAT was Shake-spear?"' In the First Folio, Ben Jonson calls Shakespeare "Soule of the Age! ... Thou art a moniment (sic) without a tomb!" suggesting Shakespeare's purpose, that of defining the character and tone of an age. The written works are only part of a larger project, with Oxford playing an international role embodying a mythical hero, the "Palladin of England", which Hess identifies (through Greek etymology) with Pallas Athena as the "Spear-Shaker". Hess identifies that project with a long-term alliance involving the earls of Sussex, Oxford, and Pembroke, along with Lord Hunsdon and Lord Effingham, all with key roles at Court and in the London stage. According to Hess, beginning in the 1570's, 'The alliance controlled the public and semi-public stages, but I argue that the private homes of those in the alliance were where the "Shakespeare" plays each were "originated".' The alliance used stage plays as a public relations part of its efforts for promoting its desired goals, both in the earlier period when the author was anonymous and later on when the pseudonym "Shakespeare" was introduced.
Mr. Hess's book abounds with notes, appendices, references, and a bibliography which attest to the extensive research involved in its preparation, a level of research which would seem to be unmatched by orthodox Shakespeare scholars. He speaks with logic and clarity, as when he debunks the orthodox "voice of authority" in such matters as the dating of the plays. He deftly skewers their inconsistent logic, for instance, as to what standards are to be accepted or disdained as it suits their purposes in one instance vs. another. His writing style exudes candor, freshness, and openness - he works by presenting the evidence, offering alternate interpretations (including his own, of course), and inviting the readers to draw their own conclusions. And for those who have found his speaking style entertaining, this has translated into his written work as well, resulting in a colorful presentation, which abounds in Hess's rich personal literary images.
Hess dwells extensively on Oxford's possible role in international intrigue, juxtaposed in the 1570's against Don Juan of Austria, natural half- brother to the King of Spain and the great military leader of the day, a role perhaps not as far-fetched as it might seem at first glance. It has long been noted that the "Shakespeare" plays abound with topical references dated to that decade, including allusions to Don Juan. To what extent Oxford was an active player abroad in these intrigues remains to be clarified, but it is clear that he was an active player where it counted a great deal - in molding opinion first at Court, then in the world at large. For perception, image, whatever one might call it, counted a great deal in those days, even as it does today.
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First of all, I think the Little Rascals walk on water. Hundreds of years from now, some extraterrestial on the Moons of Jupiter with all z's and x's in his (its?) name will enjoy these short films as much as I did when I was growing up. They are universal in their appeal. We still haven't got to the point in our society that a Stymie, a Farina, or a Buckwheat can live next door to a Spanky, an Alfalfa, or a Butch. Hal Roach's Little Rascals were way ahead of their time.
Of course, we all know what happened. MGM bought Our Gang from Roach and trashed the whole concept. It was time to move on and -- like so many child stars -- turn to booze, drugs, or crime. But wait a minute! Butch escapes the cliche and turns to radio, film, and even TV. And he marries the Texas beauty queen and lives happily ever after. Bond has this talent for reinventing himself and going from one positive experience to the other.
Now who would have thought that the one member of the Little Rascals you should have grown up emulating was Butch the bully?
This is a book that is not only well written: It will make you feel good about life.
His next Destroyer was Sunk: the Twiggs
His last Destroyer was sunk: Luce
He died not long ago with no sort of recognition for all this at all...it sure is a waste..so what good are books..Tin Can Sailor
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After a brief review of elementary mathematics and mathematical logic in chapter 1, the authors move right into the consideration of computable functions in chapter 2. They choose a particular abstract programming language in which to study the computability theory, which is built from variables, and programs that can be built from lists of instructions. Examples of programs are given, which have a Fortran flavor, with examples of computing partial functions. Unfortunately, a plethora of GOTO statements appear in the programs, and throughout the rest of the book, which is surprising given the publishing date. The use of these GOTO statements in the book is a major annoyance.
Then in chapter 3, the authors discuss primitive recursive functions, beginning with a treatment of composition, followed by the all-important concept of recursion. The class (PRC) of primitive recursive functions is introduced, and shown to be computable. The primitive recursive predicates are introduced, followed by a proof that the existential and universal quantifiers over an element of a PRC class are also PRC. This is followed by a discussion of minimalization and Godel numbers.
The next chapter is very interesting, wherein the famous halting problem is discussed and related to Church's thesis. The authors stress, most importantly, that an algorithm cannot be defined outside of the choice of a language, and therefore Church's thesis cannot be proved as a theorem. The authors also introduce recursively enumerable sets and show, via diagonalization, that non-recursively enumerable sets exist. They give an interesting example of a function that is computable but not primitive recursive.
The next chapter extends the results to strings of symbols instead of just numbers, and the authors introduce programming languages for doing string computations. One of these is the famous Post-Turing language, which they use to discuss the halting problem, with a variant used in the next chapter on Turing machines. The authors discuss the famous halting problem for Turing machines in this chapter. This is followed in chapter 7 by a discussion of productions and simulation of nondeterministic Turing machines. A very lucid treatment of Post's correspondence problem is given.
Things get somewhat more complicated in chapter 8, where the authors attempt to classify unsolvable problems. It contains one of the best discussions I have seen in the literature on oracles, and the authors give a very clear treatment of arithmetic hierarchies.
The second part of the book reads more like a book on compilers, as the authors delve into the area of grammars and automata. Regular languages, deterministic and non-deterministic finite automata are discussed, and Kleene's theorem, which states that regular languages and finite automata define the same languages, is proven. The context-free languages, so familiar from the study of compilers, are discussed also, along with a proof that a context-free grammar can be reduced to a Chomsky normal form grammar. Pushdown automata, needed for accepting context-free languages, are treated in detail. The authors give a good explanation here as to the additional facilities needed for a finite automaton to decide if a word belongs to a "bracket" language. Chomsky hierarchies are also discussed, and the authors motivate nicely the need for a linear bounded automaton to accept context sensitive languages.
Part three of the book is an overview of mathematical logic, and begins with a treatment of the propositional calculus. The satisfiability problem is discussed for this system, along with how to reduce formulas to normal form. The important compactness theorem is given a very detailed proof. Predicate calculus is then discussed, and Herbrand's theorem, which effectively reduces logical inference in predicate calculus to a problem of satisfiability of universal sentences, is proven. This theorem is fascinating and has important applications to automated theorem proving, as it ties together semantic and syntactical properties of a formal system. The Godel incompleteness theorem and the unsolvability of the satisfiability problem in predicate logic is proven.
In part 4, issues in computational complexity are addressed, the measure of complexity given in terms of the Blum axioms. This is a very abstract way of introducing complexity theory, as it introduces measures of complexity that more general than time and space complexity. The fascinating gap theorem, comparing program performance on two computing machines via complexity measures, is proven. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the speedup theorem, which essentially states that there is a wildly complicated recursive function such that for any program computing this function, there exists another program computing the function that works a lot faster for almost every input. The polynomial-time computability is discussed along with the famous P vs NP problem, with the discussion given in terms of Turing machines. Examples of NP-complete problems are given.
The last part of the book covers semantics, with operational and denotational semantics defined and compared. The emphasis in this part is on programming languages and constructions that one would actually find in practice, and so the preceding chapters on computable functions must be extended. The concept of an approximate ordering is introduced to allow for the instantaneous of a computation at some point before its completion. The denotational semantics of recursion equations and infinitary data structures are discussed, with the latter put it in to deal with the sophisticated systems that are constructed here. The discussion here is very involved, but the authors do a fair job of explaining the need for these types of data structures. The same is done for operational semantics, and the authors finally show that the computable numerical functions are actually partially computable. They then show the existence of computable irrational numbers.
A special note goes to the chapter on Blum's complexity, which is about the only good place where I found it and from where I studied for my course on Complexity I.
For this reason the book requires quite more attention than others, but it really worths all the time one can spend reading it. Truly understanding Computability and Complexity as Professor Davis teaches them with this book is in my opinion a definitely high achievement, bringing the sensation that you grasp it totally, with no space for ambiguity or weakness.