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Newman and Kenworthy argue that the car, unlike public transport, offered people who could afford it freedom to live anywhere in a city and get quickly to any other part of it. It appeared to remove the need to plan land-use. Anything could be built anywhere with drivers determining their own routes to and from home to work, shops, schools and entertainment. In the "car-city" - which Newman and Kenworthy distinguish from the "pedestrian city" and the "transit city" - it is possible to develop in any direction and not just along rivers, tramlines or railways. Dispersed low density housing becomes accessible and popular. Town planners can separate residential from industrial zones accelerating decentralisation. Public and commercial buildings no longer need to cluster as a product of the convergence of private and public investment in a particular place. Public transport constricted by timetables and fixed routes becomes second class travel.
Where the car city has been taken to extremes as in Newman and Kenworthy's intellectual territory - America and Australia - the penny dropped soonest. The social consequences that attended driving people off streets and creating boundaries round parks, squares, promenades, pavements - which had served as milieu for human interaction - only began to be widely accepted quite recently. Only now is a wedge of new economic logic being driven between the car and its enduring connection with the good life.
The car, once it ceased to be an indulgence of the rich, always represented a balance between liberation and dependency. Today, the choices promised by cars are linked transparently to those they take away. Everyone knows about exhaust emissions and most drivers, outside of advertisements, experience worsening road conditions. There is growing despondency among those who would like to use their cars less. They realise alternatives won't work unless people switch in large numbers to other ways of getting around. But the public space needed to take to the streets to walk or cycle and take trains and buses is unavailable. Many see public space as hazardous for themselves, and perilous for their children. Deprivations long imposed on people without cars apply, with increasing force, to people with them. New technology may reduce vehicle emissions. It cannot recover the enormous interaction space taken out of circulation by road traffic. Before that lost social space can become available for people outside cars, a legal and moral space has to be reclaimed.
This is why the idea of sustainability is slowly and surely turning into a value. It is the big idea which legitimates unpopular regulation. It offers space for the entrepreneurs of the future, exciting third world policy makers who want to leap a stage in the industrial revolutions of the richer nations. It is the idea around which people are ready to form alliances that go beyond their interests; a concept which "did not come so much from academic discussion as from a global political process." Newman and Kenworthy speak of their book being "many years in preparation", a book that is a "combination of text book and life story" deriving from work with city governments and voluntary groups attempting to address a major global and local issue of how people "can simultaneously reduce their impact on earth while improving their quality of life".
This books aims to show how a city's use of land determines and is determined by its dominant forms of transport. It describes how policies aimed at creating sustainable relationships between humans and their environment necessarily revolve around a city's land-use-transport formula. Getting this right is a prerequisite for urban renaissance.
What makes this book of especial value and its focus provocative is that so many cities and towns are now "auto-dependent". Because cars are sold on the basis of the freedoms they offer, policies to regulate so dominant a form of transport, even when those freedoms are nurtured in the imagination rather than available in the material world, arouse strong protest. Attempts to diversify people's transport choices are regularly characterised as restrictive and even oppressive. Instead of being seen as a catalyst for wealth production, governments addressing challenges to the reputation and wealth of cities caused by "auto-dependence" are seen as depriving large numbers of citizens of fundamental freedoms. The "motorist" has become a late 20th century everyman, affected from all angles by policies to restore a balance in cities between space allocated to rapid movement and space where citizens can engage in civil exchange.
This book is a mine of arguments, backed by statistics, illustrations and graphs. Readers concerned about global warming may be disappointed to find no thinking about the impact of air transport on the sustainability of cities. Officials and politicians thinking of purchasing this text may ask whether it arrays anti-car prejudices against a "normal paradigm" of improving cars and roads and a friendlier planning regime for building of homes and businesses on green field sites. For Newman and Kenworthy that argument is over. Their book is primarily for those who seek to understand the implications of a paradigm which doesn't treat gridlocks or bypasses as the only options.
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Newman comments intellegently on all aspects of the operas. He includes musical themes--surely a necessity in the work of that expert user of the leitmotif!--and even the psychological dimensions of the music. (Before I saw "Tristan und Isolde," I attended a presentation of a musicologist who nearly broke into tears as to the depth of the music in that opera. His comments reminded me of those of Newman regarding the same piece, which reminds me of Jung, one, whom you might say, was a product of some of the same Germanic trends of the late 19th century. But, enough on that...)
I read each review before I see the opera to which it applies. I read them again periodically. They are magnificent, allow for reasonable criticism. But they also give the devil his due.
I cannot recommend the book more strongly for anyone interested in Wagner, especially if you plan to hear or see the operas. Then leave the volume next to your bed. It's well worth re-reading, learning all dimensions of the music of perhaps the best composer who ever lived.
Is that extreme? Perhaps. Was Wagner's genius extreme? Off the scale.
Read and enjoy it.
Laon
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She says that it is a myth that people have to know what they want to write about before starting. She adds that the writing will never happen if we wait for the fear to vanish--that we just have to take a deep breath and start writing. She advises letting the writing lead you where it wants to go rather than trying to control it.
The exercises are simple, with lots of suggestions to help get you started. Newman provides examples with each one. She suggests starting with twenty minutes of free writing (writing whatever is on your mind, without judging it) every day. Other exercises involve describing common household objects or completing the sentence "I remember. . .." She then gets into describing imaginary places, people, and secrets.
The exercises end with the technical basics, like plotting and point of view. Newman tells writers to "start at the top of the page and work their way to the bottom. Just start writing. Don't think. Don't worry about the end product." That same advice applies to the exercises in her book. Start with the first one and continue with the next one, until they're all done. The results will surprise you!
Writing From The Heart is for every woman, regardless of what she thinks of her writing ability. As Newman says, "writing should be fun. There is a deep pleasure in exploring your own heart and mind, pushing your limits, challenging your skills and mastering a craft." She adds that "every woman has important stories to tell and the ability to tell them." Her book will help women develop that ability.
The photos collected in this volume span Newman's entire career and range from Senator John F. Kennedy to President Bill Clinton. The collection is mostly black-and-white. Leafing through the book, I've gotten many ideas for my own photography, but I've also gained a new appreciation for many of the historical figures Newman captured in his work.
The book is large and heavy, very satisfying to hold and look through, and will make an excellent coffee table book. Whether you're into history or photography, you'll really enjoy this book.
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A sexy, naive woman, divorced and left with two small children, tries to shield herself from the slings and arrows of thoroughly outrageous fortune by donning the psychological-philosophical armor of pessimism. But realizing that wise-cracking offers only temporary relief from despair, and that true pessimists wind up falling into a hole and staying there, through sheer force of will, she pulls herself out of the hole and seeks gainful employment.
Through a series of what she believes to be fortuitous circumstances, she manages to use her previous experience as a serious, artistic dancer to land a job -- as a belly dancer. And while she jiggles she also juggles her family life, maintaining the stability of her home while appeasing her wise old grandmother by telling her she teaches dancing in an adult education class. "But 'till two in the morning?"
In a series of Candide-like events, hilarious yet poignantly illustrative of the human condition on both a personal and global level, she moves from a sleazy Los Angeles night club to the Nile Hilton. Abducted into a harem from which she is soon ousted, she becomes infatuated with a handsome terrorist who involves her in an internationl intrigue. Soon she is disillusioned again as her hot-eyed idealist turns into a cold-blooded murderer.
The reader is quickly drawn to this innocent yet worldly, vulnerable yet strong-willed woman as she battles to support her family -- gyrating physically and mentally from one misadventure to another. Will she extricate herself from the Mideastern intrigue? Will she be able to fight off the lecherous Sultan? Will philosophy, her grandmother's old-world values, her grit and wit enable her to keep from drowning in the "barrel of oil?" Read this book and weep -- and laugh uproariously -- as this modern woman strives to liberate herself from modern man's toils.