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The news are divided in categories, thus making this book excellent for both long and short reading.
Consider this book the next time you feel down, it will make you laugh! :)
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It is just as good as the others and is also quite funny.
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Used price: $9.74
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Flipping through this book is like looking through a picture album. The photos are that good - the paper used to publish the book is the high-gloss type.
And some of the pictures are ones that are rarely seen. A couple of my personal favorites: a portrait of the Celtics' starting five in the mid-eighties; a two page spread of Larry taking practice shots before a game (the photo was taken at rim level, and it looks like Larry is shooting the ball in your direction).
If you are a Celtics fan (o.k., you don't have to admit that) if you are a Larry Bird fan like me, then you'll appreciate this book of rare photos of Bird. Now, get this book. And get some photo framing supplies!
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Used price: $33.99
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The author begins with the concept of a language, which is defined as a set of word sequences with a formal language being a subset of the free monoid over a finite lexicon. The reasons for using generator grammars are discussed but these need to be replaced by a special type called categorial (C-) grammar, invented in the 1930's and applied to natural languages in the 1950's. The disadvantages of C-grammar are outlined by the author.
A second generative grammar, called phase structure (PS) grammar is discussed, and restrictions on the rule schema give four different types of PS-grammars. These different types give four different classes of complexity, with this complexity measured by an algorithm with the number of primitive operations required to analyze an input expression counted in relation to length of the input. Context-free PS-grammar is applied to natural language via phrase structures. The author distinguishes carefully the differences between C- and PS-grammars. In particular, the goal of PS-grammar is to represent what is called the constituent structure of natural language, which is defined by the author as a formal property of phase structures. He makes it very clear that there is as of yet no complete PS-grammars for natural languages. He also discusses in detail the constituent structure paradox with examples of discontinuous elements in natural language. The solution of Chomsky to this problem via transformation rules is outlined. This transformational grammar is equivalent to a Turing machine generating recursively enumerable languages and so is undecidable. To resolve this, Chomsky introduced formal restrictions on the transformations called "recoverability of deletions". The author shows however via Bach-Peters sentences, that this method does not always work. The discussion of parsing distinguishes between morphology parsers, syntax parsers, and semantic parsers. This exemplifies how the declarative-procedural distinction applies to the relation between generative grammars and parsers. These distinctions are important, the author argues, when modeling natural languages on a computer.
That natural languages are not context-free motivates the author to search for other formalisms. A successful formalism must be computationally tractable, and this is reflected in its grammar type. The "type transparency" between the parser and the grammar enables the analysis of the complexity to be done at the parser, since for any language, they will have the same formal grammar. The weaknesses of this approach for PS-grammar is discussed in detail by the author, and he gives other algorithms that restructure the PS-grammar rules in order to obtain parsing of context-free languages. These concerns also exist when the requirement that the grammar formalism "input-output" be equivalent to what is spoken and heard. PS-grammar is shown to be incompatible with this.
The more recent notion of left-associative (LA) grammar is discussed as an alternative to C-and PS-grammars. The irregular bracketing of these grammars is handled by using the principle of possible continuations in LA-grammars. The author shows, interestingly, that the distinction between context-free and context-sensitive languages disappears in LA-grammar. The principle of possible continuations allows close relation between parsing and generation. Discontinuous elements are dealt with by coding filler positions into a functor category and then cancelled later.
There are different types of LA-grammars which are characterized in terms of their generative capacity and computational complexity. Recursion theory plays a role, and the complexity is measured in terms of the operations required to process an input in the worst case. The author discusses in detail the different types of LA grammars and their subhierarchies, and compares the LA-and PS-hierarchies.
The morphological analysis of natural language can be studied in terms of combination principles, with words being defined in terms of word forms, and a clear distinction is made between the two notions. Word forms in turn are composed of elementary parts called morphemes, and morphemes are associated analyzed allomorphs. The author explains the steps needed to morphologically analyze an unknown word.
Even more interesting, and more important from a practical point of view, the author discusses methods for automatic word form recognition, including methodologies for investigating the frequency distribution of words. The grammar system of LA-morphology is used for word form recognition of English, German, Italian, French, Japanese, and Polish. The empirical testing of a grammar system via the building of a corpora is discussed with an illustration of Zipf's law. Unfortunately, the author does not discuss in detail the use of hidden Markov models in statistical tagging.
Syntax deals with the composition of word forms and uses the combination rules of valency, agreement, and word order. German and English are analyzed in terms of their word order. The ability of LA-grammar to map variable-based rule patterns onto categorially analyzed input expressions using a strictly time-linear order makes it efficient and flexible, argues the author. The LA-syntax for English and German is discussed in detail by the author. The discussion makes heavy use of finite state machines.
There are three different semantic systems, namely the logical, programming, and natural languages, and the author shows how these are related via replication, reconstruction, transfer, and composition. The problems in viewing natural languages as logical semantics is discussed in the context of Tarski's work. The author argues that the insistence of using logical semantics for analyzing natural language is incorrect since natural languages work differently from metalanguage-dependent logical languages. Truth, meaning, and ontology are taken out of the philosophical realm and applied to the logical semantics of natural language.
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This was the textbook used in the Bible college I attended in the 60's, and it shaped my point of view on missions and church government for a lifetime. It was excellent in reminding us to compare our current practices with what worked 2,000 years ago, and to sort out the cultural imperatives from the denominational imperatives from the Biblical imperatives.
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It is amazing to me that Allen wrote this book in 1912. Even today his radical critique of Western missionary methods is cutting edge, though the biblical principles he advocates are now being embraced more and more by some ministries that are not tradition-bound.
While this book and its sequel (Spontaneous Expansion) address mission work specifically, the principles described do not apply only to how the people of one country do missionary work in another. These books really are about what the Bible has to show us about how to carry out the mission of the church, whether in our own culture, in ministering cross-culturally in our own back yard, or planting churches across an ocean.
If Allen is right in the conclusions he draws about finance (chapter 6), many (most?) church planting efforts may be operating by financial principles that do more to hinder rather than help establish a healthy, self-supporting church.
His observations on the biblical pattern for selecting and equipping elders for local church leadership challenged not only the status quo of the Anglican church of his day, but continue to challenge the practices of most churches today.
In my work as a church consultant, my sense is that (1) most church members, and probably even most pastors, are unaware of the radical differences between our presentday ways of doing church and the New Testament precedents, because they are largely ignorant of the biblical precedents; and (2) even when they become aware of some difference, there is a tendency to assume that those differences are inconsequential. Yet many of the most passionate of today's church leaders look at the church of Acts and long to see God's Spirit at work with that kind of power in the church today.
If we really long to recapture the vitality of the New Testament church, wouldn't it be worthwhile to seek to understand the principles by which it operated? (The "Methods" of the book's title is misleading; "Principles" would be more accurate.) Then we can consider whether those principles might be essential to the spiritual vitality of the church and go about asking how we can apply those principles in our context.
For anyone serious about developing such a biblically-rooted vision of how to go about doing church, I highly recommend this book and its companion volume.
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Used price: $39.99
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On account of its age, this dictionary is inevitably a little dated, but it is still a very useful linguistic tool for students of German. I heartily recommend it.
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Paul Hellander, Travel Writer - Photographer
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When King Hussein was young, he witnessed the assassination of his grandfather and was almost killed by the same gunman. His father was mentally unstable, making him unfit to be King. King Hussein had numerous wives and many children. His goal of keeping peace between Jordan and the neighboring countries was accomplished, and King Hussein was known as a peacekeeper. His life was never far from the brink of disaster. He was the master of survival, escaping many assassination attempts at the same time facing a political crisis. He had many loves: fast cars, classic guns, and beautiful women. His life was so very important that it must be made into a movie.
King Hussein was one of the greatest leaders the world has ever seen. He was a precious source of stability and peace in a particularly unpredictable region of the world, the Middle East. His whole life would be a great movie of his struggles and accomplishments as leader of Jordan. His life was very important in the lives of his peoples and the peoples of neighboring countries. King Hussein was very well respect as to give a eulogy at the funeral of the former prime minister of Yitzhak Rabin. His life was peacefully ended in 1999 due to his cancer, but even in his final days at the Mayo Clinic, he contributed to the peace process by a televised appearance at the Wye meeting. No one could write a script as interesting and exciting like the life of King Hussein. The movie would give great respect to such an extraordinary leader of the Middle East.
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One is of Sir Pirvan's adventure to discover and eliminate the threat on Suivinari island which menaced human and minotaur sailors who had a rare, mutual, if unspoken, agreement, to share the island as a replenishing station for their ships.
The other thread involves Gerik, son of Pirvan, who had to defend their home, Tirabot Manor, against minions of the kingpriest who would like to eliminate those who practiced true virtues instead of paying lip service.
The book went through many events without giving a proper account of events and background. Instead, the narration is given through eyewitness accounts of the characters but very little explanation of what the character thinks and knows and thereby how they came to the conclusions they made. This is a maddening pattern. People unfamiliar with the world of Krynn would be unable to follow the book at all. This applies to all four books.
The reason why I described the titles of the series as misnamed is because little so far had been given to provide insight to the workings of the Knights. Instead, each adventure becomes like a process in gaining experience points to promote the lead character up the ranks of the Knight, without giving a proper account of the Order, the Measure and the Oath. The writer's way of addressing the Measure and the Oath, the central tenet of the knighthood, became merely a conceptualisation of the experiences of Sir Pirvan. What is wrong with this is it cheated the readers from actually learning about the Order itself, which is what should be expected, given the titles of the book.
Even the last title, the Wayward Knights, was not truly reflected by the story contained; there is little sense that the knights mentioned had really been wayward.
There is actually little wrong with the story as a fantasy tale, but when a series of book had the Knights of the Crown, Knights of the Sword, Knight of the Rose and the Wayward Knights as their title, I expect to be shown more about a knight making his way through the Order, dealing with more people within the Order, rather than merely setting off on quests. The series reflected little of learning of loyalty associated with Knights of the Crown, little of how valour is associated with Knights of the Sword, little of how justice and wisdom is associated with Knights of the Rose, and how Habbakkuk, Kiri-Jolith and Paladine are honoured and modeled after.
Furthermore, higher level ranking Knights of the Sword and Rose have at their disposal certain spells which they should have been utilising. After all, this is pre-Cataclysmic Krynn.
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