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This was the book that allowed me to see mid-twentieth century American poetry okay (in high school) when I wanted to write it off as a bunch of wasted filth. I've since come around to a lot more of it.... ;)
Definatley read this book if you have the oppurtunity. Well worth your effort.....
In this book, Corso steers away from grandoise language and imagery, in favor of more "clear" language and ideas. But it is powerful in its compactness indeed. Get this book, and find out for yourself.
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The cost of forgiveness is high, often too high for most to manage. A lip-service to forgiveness can be stated; a conciliatory tone can be managed in one's mind and practice, but then, often, the deeper emotion of anger, betrayal, hurt, etc., whatever is at the root of the need for forgiveness, can unexpectedly become present once more.
Starting with a discussion of Bonhoeffer, who decried the ideas of cheap grace and cookie-cutter forgiveness models of the church of his time, Jones explores the thorny theological issues which surround what happens in forgiveness.
'For Bonhoeffer, there is no real grace without judgment. Sin cannot be overlooked or forgotten; it must be confronted and judged in the context of forgiveness.'
True forgiveness must confront the hurt and evil face on; it cannot mask it, it cannot overlook it, and of course it cannot truly forget it. Forgiveness as an active process must work through the hurt, and will have a cost, primarily, the cost of letting go of the pain, which often is a sustaining force that helps carry the injured or abused through life.
While forgiveness can work in community, in many cases, such as Wiesenthal's experience with the SS officer or Bonhoeffer's work against the Nazis, forgiveness has to be a personal act, and cannot truly become the act of community. Forgiveness in such cases takes place in relative isolation from the community ('the Body of Christ', in Jones' theology). Bonhoeffer's death shows the cost of discipleship, which embodies both penance and forgiveness, that this is not merely a feeling felt or a decision made, but rather must become a way of life to be lived even in the face of evil and death.
Forgiveness means different things to different people. It is so easy to talk ambiguously about 'sin' and to ask (and grant in others) forgiveness of this 'sin'. But when focussing upon a particular wrong, it becomes enormously difficult. How does one forgive the abusive parent when the parent won't acknowledge the abuse? How does one forgive the church who ignores or abuses you, and carries on with or without you as if nothing had ever happened? Is it meaningful for the church to apologise for 'sins' from inquisitions to suppressions to complicity in genocide in the past, while no one who actually enacted these crimes is still alive, and no real thought is given to modifying current practice to ensure the same is not happening today?
How does one love one's enemies? Who has a right to forgive?
Whether or not one believes in 'sin' (some do not), there is a brokenness in our relationships with each other, and this causes hurtful dynamics, but modern therapeutic practices have tended to relativise and downplay this brokenness (by downplaying the element of judgement, which is required in forgiveness) to the point of making the ideas of restoration in a theological and philosophical sense irrelevant.
Forgiveness is costly, but ultimately, the cost repays dividends. Forgiveness is not easy, and sometimes practically impossible. Some hurts cannot be healed; some pains cannot be eased; no events in the past can be redone. So, it is important to separate the wheat from the chaff, which can require a lifetime--forgiveness in human terms is always a process, a way of life, which requires constant tending to stay the course.
As a Catholic (trained in a United Methodist seminary at St. Paul School of Theology, Kansas City, Missouri), the subjects treatment raises issues for me of the sacramental rite of penance and its mediation of reconciliation. Although not specifically addressed in this context, Jones questions the efficacy of forgiveness by others without the approbation of victims. Again, the discerning reader may want to consider the pastoral implication this raises.
A well researched and stylized presentation, "Embodying Forgiveness" offers its readers an excellent resource for preaching in a culture which avoids the costly reality of authentic forgiveness. For those who appreciate the model discipleship of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Jones develops a compatible theological approach of reconciliation by virtue of the costliness and hard word required of a life which 'embodies forgiveness.'
And lastly, forgiveness is presented in the framework of the triune God whose self giving love is established in communion with us who have been created for that unique purpose. Truly, we have here a worthy pursuit of the reader's time for those willing to grapple with its unsettling message.
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Environmentalism, Barton argues, began in British India. From there it spread to the other colonies and then to the United States. The magnitude of the changes are mind boggling. Lord Dalhousie introduced "the constitution of environmentalism" in India in 1855, the Forest Charter, decisively changing the status of "waste land" into government property. This is a key intellectual revolution. Private property-in the absolute sense-had been carved out by the British land owning elite in England in 1688 and is thought by many scholars to be the foundation of the industrial revolution. Barton reveals how the government of British India extended this private concept of absolute property from the individual to the state. Here also is born the concept of "multi-use," the idea that government land must be professionally and scientifically managed for the whole national family, peasants, industry, and romantic conservationists alike, a concept that still guides the management of most protected forest areas. The Forest Charter became a model that overcame political opposition to conservation and quickly spread to the other British colonies and the United States.
This book clears away long-standing myths. Victorians were not only conservative--but innovative, practical and romantic all rolled into one. Imperialists were not mere exploiters--the altruism of the Indian foresters who sacrificed health and sometimes their life to preserve nature can be described as nothing less than heroic. Christianity did not postulate a radical divorce between God and nature--most of these early environmental innovators were Christian. Environmentalism did not arrive in the early twentieth century from the American frontier full grown, with murky parentage in the Romantic Movement and pagan country dances. Imperialism mothered environmentalism and gave environmentalism all the nourishment it required to grow--the rule of law, absolute property rights (for individuals and government), police action, romantic concern for nature, concern for global climate stability, and great doses of fair play to "settle" the conflicting land claims.
A note on the author's sources. He translates from a variety of languages, and utilizes archives in Europe, the United States, Africa, and the Subcontinent. The book, for all its impressive research, is actually rather short and gives a lot of information for a brief read. But his scholarship doesn't stand in the way of telling an exciting story. Surprisingly, I learned a fascinating fact about my favorite piece of literature, the Jungle Book, by Rudyard Kipling. I did not know that Kipling wrote his first Mowgli story with Mowgli an adult, discovered by empire foresters in the jungles of India. Kipling wrote a now forgotten short story that preceded the Jungle Book. Mowgli, raised entirely by Mother Nature, became the perfect recruit to join the Queen's service as an early conservator- an empire forester. With a pension at the end to retire on.
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Although it also contains additional related essays, "Engineering the Human Germline" basically seems to be an edited transcript of a thought-provoking symposium (of the same name) which a thousand or so others and I attended at UCLA in March 1998. During that public event, an impressive panel of experts delivered intelligent, understandable lectures, then debated the great promises and dangers which might result from altering the genes which get passed to our children, grandchildren, etc. (such theoretical alteration of genes, in a nutshell, is what "germline" genetic engineering is). "Engineering the Human Germline" proves to be a worthy record of that symposium.
Some say the human gene pool is a sacred thing and that we should never "play God." Clearly, if you monkey around with the genetic code of an early-state embryo, you might wind up with a monstrosity on your hands. But what if (at some point in the future) you knew exactly what you were doing when you corrected (or requested the correction of) a pre-embryo's faulty genetic code? What if, as a result of your intervention, the resulting human being neither developed a deadly or life-shattering genetic disease (that it would have inherited, otherwise), nor passed the faulty gene(s) on to the next generation? The value of this promise seems to be at the core of what's explored by the numerous contributors of "Engineering the Human Germline."
At one point in this book we have a very outspoken James Watson (the 1962 Nobel-winning co-discoverer of DNA structure who also helped establish the Human Genome Project) saying, "It's common sense to try to develop it All in all, "Engineering the Human Germline" is a balanced, intelligent, readable resource for professionals, students or the average citizen who wants to know more about the groundbreaking developments in human genetics and the surrounding issues which will affect us all.
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Karen Puma