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A translator has two options: to stay true to the Chinese characters and the structure of the original poem, or to stay true to what he feels to be the poetic message of the poem. It is essentially the same problem that a piano player faces when interpreting a sonata by Mozart or Beethoven. Seth chooses the conservative path of staying very close to the original, as he explains in his enjoyable introduction: "I should mention that the poems in this book are not intended as transcreations or free translations, in this sense, attempts to use the originals as trampolines from which to bounce off on to poems of my own [great image, by the way, for the arrogance of some translators]. The famous translations of Ezra Pound, compounded as they are of ignorance of Chinese and valiant self-indulgence, have remained before me as a warning of what to shun. I have preferred mentors who ... admit the primacy of the original and attempt fidelity to it."
Fidelity, however, is not all it takes to make a translation succeed. Sometimes the much lamented and maligned "freedom" of a translation yields better results. This is the case here. Let me compare two translations of a poem called "Moonlit Night" by the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu (712 - 770 AD) to illustrate my point.
Seth translates: "In Fuzhou, far away, my wife is watching/ The moon alone tonight, and my thoughts fill/ With sadness for my children, who can't think/ Of me here in Changan; they're too young still./ Her cloud-soft hair is moist with fragrant mist./ In the clear light her white arms sense the chill./ When will we feel the moonlight dry our tears,/ Leaning together on our window-sill?"
For comparison, here the "transcreation" by David Young from his book "Five T'ang Poets" (1990): "Tonight/ in this same moonlight/ my wife is alone at her window// I can hardly bear to think of my children/too young to understand/ why I can't come home to them// her hair must be damp from the mist/ her arms cold jade in the moonlight// when will we stand together/ by those slack curtains/ while the moonlight/ dries the tear-streaks/ on our faces?"
Seth's translation keeps the eight-line structure and the rhyme words in lines 2, 4, 6 and 8. He does not give a pinyin (character-by-character) translation of the original poem. Therefore I cannot judge how true to the original his choice of words is. I would assume Young takes more freedom with the words. Young also breaks up the 8-line structure of the poem into a 3-3-2-5-line structure. In doing so he tries to highlight the train of thought of Du Fu: wife, children, beauty of wife, yearning for reunion.
The success of Young's translation lies in his bringing out the pain and longing of the poet who is separated from wife and children. This is where Seth fails. How pale is the pain of separation in "and my thoughts fill with sadness for my children" in comparison to "I can hardly bear to think of my children"; and how old-fashioned does it sound to end a poem with "leaning together on our window-sill" rather than with the poignant "while the moonlight dries the tear-streaks on our faces".
The best ancient Chinese poems pack a tremendous amount of emotion into a tight and formal structure. In this they can be compared to Shakespeare's sonnets. These Chinese poets are no lesser poets than Shakespeare is. Translating their poems, the success of the translation must be measured by the extent to which the emotion can be released without destroying the sense of structure in the original poem. Seth's translations with their stress on formal structure and literalness stifle the full emotional impact. The translations focus on the original structure rather than the truth about the human condition that the poet wants to convey to the reader. This is where Young's freer translation yields much better results.
The only objection one might raise against Young's translation is that it is reminiscent of a modern poet like William Carlos Williams. But I'd rather have Du Fu's substance in a modern structure than Du Fu's admirable craftsmanship at the expense of the impact his words have on my heart. His emotions are timeless - let them shine through with the help of a little "transcreation".
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It is obvious this book is geard towards a technical school rather than an engineering school. There is not much you can learn from this book other than learning a lesson on how to be careful next time when buying books.
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Explores the origins of 500 graphs in typical mass-market style, with focus on pictographs, one per page, with cartoons, rather than on the majority category of phonetic compounds and their actual evolutionary processes. Acceptable for the casual peruser, but not accurate or informative enough for the serious student of etymology. Like all such books I've seen now on the market, explanations are extremely brief, without references, and without noting competing theories, occasionally misleading the reader into thinking that his are the single, correct explanations, even though a handful of the readings are idiosyncratic or outdated (to be fair, most are correct). Examples: yao1 (now 'die young'), he defines as 'to bend' (following the outdated Han dynasty Shuowen and ignoring the established evidence that it means 'walk quickly or run, rush' based on zou3 'walk' and ben1 'rush'); bai2 (now 'white'), which he describes as 'a burning candle' (ignoring the two major theories that it is a loan of 'thumb' and 'head'); yin1 'prosperous; last Shang1 capital', which he describes as a man being beaten with a stick, despite the obvious presence of a graph for 'pregnant woman' which is probably playing a phonetic role and may even be its etymonic root (pregnant --> multitudinous, flourishing, prosperous).
Li is inconsistent in mentioning semantic and phonetic components in compounds, with omissions in graphs such as the role of ji4 'a mortar' in jiu4 'owl; old; ancient' regrettable. Polyphony is ignored; there is no mention of the role of li4 'tripod cooker' in two common compounds pronounced ge2, 'separate' and 'belch, hiccup', implying a second reading of ge2. Beginning students will not be able to make some of his leaps. For example, at ji1 'chicken' he mentions one component is phonetic, but does not mention its pronunciation or meaning; nor is there mention at the entry for that component, xi1, that it is phonetic in ji1 'chicken'. Similarly, decomposing ming2 'name', he fails to mention the origin or pronunciation of its top component (xi1, xi4), identifying it only as 'night' (although the illustration does show it correctly as the moon). Entries are sometimes slightly confusing, e.g., at wan4 '10,000': "Its original meaning was 'scorpion'. ... Later, it was loaned to be the numeral ten thousand, and was written as [ ]." This is somewhat unclear as to which meaning was written [ ], scorpion, or 10,000, and the printing quality in my copy was so poor as to render the graph [ ] illegible.
The 3-page preface, covering the history of the Chinese script, writes pinyin only, sans tones, for Chinese words, and a few minor details are incorrect (e.g., those oracle bones using turtle shells were mostly the plastrons, not the carapace, or back shell, as Li states). Otherwise the overview, albeit brief, is generally correct.
There is a stroke index by simplified char., while the main entries are conveniently ordered by pinyin.
A sequel with another 500 graphs was published as Evolutionary Illustration of Chinese Characters in 2000. Beijing Language & Culture University Press, ppbk; ISBN 7561908520. I don't plan to buy it.