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Unfortunately, the two great great theories of the 20th. century science, quantum theory and relavity theory was formulated in Central Europe during the two World Wars. Heisenberg, born in 1901 was a witness to the World War I, World II and the Cold War.
Heisenberg reflects this in detail. How does one deal with political chaos and diaster during the Hitler reign in Germany. He himself decided to stay in Germany. Bohr, Fermi, Einstein all fled Europe, he decided to stay.
Enrico Fermi tells in 1939 "America is a bigger and freer country. Leave the ballast of the past, pettiness of the Old World, One can start anew in the New World."
History will forever debate the Heisenberg of World War II.
Part history, part science, but the most interesting is his encounters with the great scientist of the 20th century. Science you can learn from any textbook.
Moreover, his emphasis on experiment, experiment data, experimental observation as basis for all science is important here.
Written in "conversation" form, we meet and hear the great scientist of the 20th century. Sommerfeld was his teacher, Wolfgang Pauli his classmate. He fellow scientist Born, Neils Bohr, Enrico Fermi, Paul Dirac, Einstein and many other greats are here.
This book makes them all human because they had to struggle to come "discover" science and the political diaster that engulfed Europe in the first half of 20th. century. Edward Teller "Mr. H-Bomb" was student of Heisenberg. All has to grapple with politics and history.
This book should be back in Print. Book is the mind in motion of a great scientist. With discovery of atomic theory, the linking of science and politics is joined forever. Science can never just be science and politics just be politics.
Unfornate but true. Knowledge renders power. No one is more "powerful" than scientist now and in the future.
Once you know the "laws of nature", you then can be "master of nature".
Heisenberg was, in his moment of glory, in the unique position of being the intellectual better of both Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein. He explains this at some length in his book, which consists of stilted, imaginary conversations he had or "would have had" with other scientists. According to Werner, he used his powerful intellect to deliberately mislead the Nazis and to thwart the German atom bomb project. If you believe this, you will also believe that he did it in order to "save German youth." It's a complex work in which Werner comes off as less than courageous.
If you've ever felt intimidated by Heisenberg (and who wouldn't be?) you will appreciate Lindemann (the legendary mathematician) dismissing him as worthless. Also worth reading are Heisenberg's hopelessly antiquated views on biology, language, music and philosophy . . . you will feel better, because you know more than he ever did, even though he formalized quantum mechanics.
This book is a good introduction to modern physics. It shows both the reasoning and the cultural context that led to this still-rather-dubious abstraction. Quantum mechanics is more comprehensible when you understand the characters who invented it.
Heisenberg was a great thinker. His antiquated values serve as a reminder that one can be both brilliant and deluded at the same time.
A great deal of controversy has surrounded Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. For a long time many people did not accept it as true. Now that it has been largely accepted, there is still a great deal of difficulty in understanding it. This book will aid the non-scientist in getting a better idea of what it is all about and in understanding why it was necessary.
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Back when I was discerning my call (or rather, trying to discern if I had a call) to ministry, there were many obstacles thrown up (some circumstantial, some deliberate) which caused me to reflect on the nature of what a call is. For starters, I tend to stay away from 'call' language, as I believe everyone is called to something, and a call to ministry is not necessarily more important (and indeed, can often be less important) than a call to be a teacher or doctor or engineer, or the call to be a good parent or good neighbour, etc. Jeanrond helped me to put into words some of my doubts and frustrations with current practice in churches, and current language of vocation.
He begins by identifying that Christianity (as indeed many religions) is in crisis. It is harder, he says, to reconcile the experiences of ancient forms of religious organisation or ancient ritualistic practices with the ordinary life as mature adults in today's society. However, this is not to say that society is anti-religious.
'It would be wrong to diagnose a foundational hostility to religion in today's intellectual climate. What is, however, true is that the intellectual climate in the West harbours a fundamental suspicion of any form of dogmatism and institutionalism.'
He gave me insight into the nature of ministry:
'All too often priests and even theologians are considered to be a sort of professional Christian, paid to be Christian so as to assure that the non-paid Christians be saved.'
In calling for a more cooperative form of organisation and ministerial outlook, one that embraces the call of all to be workers for justice and compassion, Jeanrond voices some of the same concerns as Bill Countryman in his book on the priesthood of all believers (see my review on that, too, posted 4/1/00).
We are called by God to join in the work of creation and sustenance of justice and mercy.
'The belief in God's concern for this world tends to promote more of an appreciation of a communal effort, both to protect this world from extinction and to make it better in response to God's call according to which all of us ought to become co-creators of his project.'
Jeanrond calls for a radical shift in the way that communities view themselves, and to lessen the divisive characters, to spread the idea of authority out across ever-widening circles which hold each other in check and cooperation. So long as one group (i.e., the clergy) have authority over another (i.e., the laity) there will be a skewing of the radical equality we all share before God.
Jeanrond echoes many theologians past and present when calling for continuing interpretation of the Gospel message.
'The gospel must be interpreted anew in every generation and context. Such interpretation will always be pluralistic by nature of the different perspectives and contexts of the interpreters.'
Jeanrond, while calling for more cooperation and community (communion), warns against simplistic ideas of ecumenism, particularly the kind of ecumenism that happens in committee rooms and conferences but fails to involve the actual people of the churches for whom these leadership groups claim to act. Without the consent of the people, the efforts will fail, probably damaging the mothering institutions in the process.
Werner Jeanrond, having taught at Trinity College Dublin and the University of Lund, is a bit outside common theological circles, which is unfortunate, as his writing is crisp and clear. He does not introduce obscure or 'patented' terminology, but rather embraces common language as the vehicle for remarkably simple yet meaningful thoughts.
This is not a long book. But it is important. It is on my regular re-read list. It is a compassionate critique of the current state of religion, and hopefully a voice that will be heard.
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This gap has been filled by Massa's book.
It focuses - unlike other crystallography books - on the practical applications and enables the reader to attack own structural problems by himself. Additionally, this book will provide the necessary theoretical background to understand how X-ray diffraction works, how crystals are built, all this symmetry stuff and so on.
The absolute highlight is, however, the step-by-step explanation of a structure determination, where one can almost see the author sitting in front of his computer and struggling with one of his structures, explaining every step in detail.
Crystallography still needs heavy brain work sometimes. But this book won't cause unnecessary headaches as many other crystallography books do.
Therefore, I recommend this book warmly to my crystallography students.