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In a complex picture, we see, on the one hand, the controversial positions of Nietzsche on democracry, religion, and ethics, along with his criticism, at some points, of Judaic history, in relation to his extreme anti-Christianity. In the midst of all this, we also discover Nietzsche's sudden realization of what Wagner's racist and proto-fascist, anti-semitic clique of admirers were up to, and his shocked reaction and break with the circle. This initiates a long period of the denunciation of the rising anti-semitism of his times, next to his friendship with Ree. Then, after Nietzsche succumbs to his disease, and is silent, his corpus is appropriated by his sister, and the era of great distortions, and probable doctoring of his legacy and texts begins. As the author shows, the Nazis main interest in Nietzsche seems to have been to neutralize, and destroy, him by making him an anti-semite. The outstanding letters to Overbeck, the object of repeated lawsuits with Nietzsche's sister, but never surrendered, show clearly his anti-anti-semitism.
Cf also the recent, Nietzsche, Godfather of Fascism?, by Golomb et al. which critiques the 'myth' of Nietzsche's sister
The British philosopher Michael Oakeshott wrote a very favorable review of "Nietzsche: An Approach" when it was published, describing it as the best study of Nietzsche that had then been written. I think "Nietzsche: A Biographical Introduction" is even better than the earlier book. Written in a very lucid and graceful prose style, the book elucidates the most important themes of Nietzsche's work, and relates these to his physical infirmities, which worsened as he grew older, and to the psychological compensations he made for his illnesses. In addition, Lavrin shows how Nietzsche's intellectual and emotional crisis was emblematic of the profound crisis European civilization was confronted with in the late nineteenth century.
The portrait of Nietzsche that emerges from Lavrin's book is that of a tormented genius who was absolutely committed to finding meaning in a godless universe, but who would never settle for the comforting illusions invented by the "herd" to provide that meaning. While Lavrin concludes that some of Nietzsche's solutions were ultimately lacking, he provides a moving account of the stupendous effort Nietzsche made -- and the personal and psychological burdens he endured -- in order to grapple honestly with questions that we are still struggling to answer today. If you have an interest in understanding Nietzsche as a man, and not just as a purveyor of provocative ideas, I urge you to read this superb book.
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- what authors provide the best place to start? The sad truth is that
I find old and new authors to be lacking in important nuances of
Hegel's actual philosophy. Some authors distort Hegel's philosophy
unbearably. I find this to be true even in Encyclopedias that try to
reach the novice. For the brand new student, I can recommend very few
of them. Perhaps J. Glenn Gray agreed with me, because he has
produced an introduction to Hegel in Hegel's own words.
I always
recommend reading Hegel directly as soon as possible. The trouble
with that is, as most academics know, Hegel's writings are among the
most difficult to read. His SCIENCE OF LOGIC is for experts and
professionals only. His PHENOMENOLOGY, long touted as the best
introduction to Hegel (it was his first published book), is almost as
hard to read as his SCIENCE OF LOGIC, and for many reasons I advocate
reading this book very late in our studies. Hegel's ENCYCLOPEDIA
covers every topic in the world, and so that is a fine resource, but
it is hardly the best place to start and its style is very formal.
Seek no more. This small volume by J. Glenn Gray is perfect for the
student who is ready to start reading some Hegel. It includes three
of Hegel's easiest and most relaxed productions, namely, three
Introductions to his LECTURE series. Hegel's LECTURES on Art,
Religion and Philosophy (composed of his own notes and the notes of
some of his well-known students) are more accessible than his
technical writings because his spoken style is more relaxed than his
written style.
But his LECTURES are also very long -- several
volumes long. So, thanks to J. Glenn Gray, only the Introductions to
Hegel's key LECTURES have been compiled in one short volume. Here at
last the new student has some of the cream of Hegel's thinking, with
many important nuances, clearly and concisely stated and accessible to
beginners. Hegel's genius shines forth even in his Introductions to
his LECTURES, and J. Glenn Gray deserves much credit for compiling
this selection for today's English-reading student. Though some of
the translations are a bit older, they are still accessible. J. Glenn
Gray's gift to the common reader was a success, and I heartily
recommend this book.
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For further corroborative and complementary work -- by a contemporary academic gifted with a matchless synthesis of eloquence, erudition, and psychological acuity -- see William Ian Miller's "Humiliation," "The Anatomy of Disgust," and his forthcoming "The Mystery of Courage."
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Relevant today, as much as for info as for seeing where the ideas discussed lead to the arguments and theories of today.