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The only grievance I have with the book is that understandably enough Dr. Huang had to skip over a lot of material (or he would risk leaving us with yet another "The Decline and fall of the Roman Empire"); however in doing so he is rarely consistent, e.g. not explaining the elemental precepts of Confucianism, organization of Chinese army and bureaucracy; and fundamental principles behind state examinations. All those, however, can be gotten from other sources, and as such will tempt the reader to explore more.
Indeed as advocated by Ray Huang in this book, time for the Chinese to depart form the traditional chinese views on our history (moral vs immoral; rural vs urban; poor vs rich). We should analyse our hisotry based on issue of effective governance (e.g. what is it? To promote well-being of people or of hardliners with iron-fist and tanks?)
Alas, Ray has passed away in 2000. I would like to convery my thankfullness for what he left to us.
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An American teacher with only a procedural understanding said this about teaching regrouping with manipulatives:
"I would have them start some subtraction problems with maybe a picture of 23 things and tell them to cross out 17 things and then count how many are left. . .. . .I might have them do some things with dinosaur eggs, or something that would sort of have a little more meaning to them. Maybe have them do some concrete subtraction with dinosaur eggs, maybe using beans as the dinosaur eggs or something."
What? Dinosaurs are the key to effective teaching of math? This approach does not explain why we regroup! It does not even touch on place value. You have got to read this book to believe what goes on in way too many American classrooms!
An American teacher with a conceptual understanding of math had a much better way to use manipulatives in teaching regrouping. She used single sticks and bundles of ten sticks to show the mathematical principle of equality. She said she would stress that when you have 53 sticks, the total is still 53 sticks whether arranged in 5 bundles of ten, plus three sticks; or 4 bundles of ten, plus 13 sticks. THIS is a manipulative approach that actually works to teach the concept of regrouping because it draws on the fundamentals of math. One has to demonstrate to the children the idea that you can change the FORM of the number without changing the number itself.
Watch out for page 31! You may CRY when you see that many American elementary teachers don't recognize the implied zeroes in multi-digit multiplication. One actually said you could use apples, oranges, or even ELEPHANTS to help you remember to move the columns over. Fruit? Animals? What about TENS? This experienced math teacher did not know that 237 shifted over a column stands for 237 tens. Chinese math teachers would not think of dressing up the process with fruit and animals. They simply teach the mathematical principles behind the procedure.
Parents and teachers alike need to gobble this book right up, right now, despite its high price. We must work towards more conceptual understanding of math by elementary school teachers or we shall never climb out of the morass. Buy a copy and share it around---it is a crucial work.
Liping Ma's book comes at an opportune time for those teachers and should be read by all. It dives into a central problem that elementary teachers face when we consider improving our math programs: How could going off and learning more math help, for instance, in a 4th grade fractions unit? Furthermore, having, typically, been taught mathematics, ourselves, as a process of memorizing and applying procedures, we often teach it that way as well, thinking "how much more can I study the 'flip and multiply' rule for fraction division?"
This book answers those and many other questions, while opening many new ones. There's more to math, even "kids math" than meets the eye.
Ma demonstrates that American teachers do not necessarily suffer from a lack of breadth or extensiveness of mathematical training. Adding more 'higher math' to our training really would not help us teach arithmetic. We lack deep knowledge of "fundamental mathematics." Ma's claim is that what we need to do is to dig deeper into the underpinnings of "elementary" math - to discover that there is much more to understand about such fundamental concepts. There really is much more to subtraction than remembering when to "regroup." Division of fractions actually represents two or three fundamentally different processes which, confused, can be at the center of students (and teachers) uncertainty. Imagine that!
These are thought provoking ideas, well presented. In the face of a growing national debate about "competency", we would do well to add this element to the discussion of math teaching. Otherwise, the politicians will provide their inevitably simplistic answers.
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I wish Harrison Salisbury were still around to write an update. TNE stops in 1991 as the economy is slowing and the hardliners are asserting themselves. Deng visited the "new cities" on the South China Sea in 1993-4, invigorating them and the "capitalism with Chinese characteristics" which they represented. What followed, of course, is our recent history of China thinking itself as a great power.
Why did they do it? This is a question that is seldomly asked and when asked, never satisfactorily answered. Salisbury has attempted to answer such a qusetion with more depth than the simple-minded answer "because they want to stay in power". Salisbury carefully laid out for the readers how Mao and Deng's acts were shaped by their personal histories, by attitudes of other countries toward China, and by the burden of Chinese history and culture (unlike America, the Chinese leaders did not start from a clean slate, instead, they carried 5,000 years of history with them). In short, this book is about how history, culture, international hostility and personality has shaped modern China; how these factors brought out the "emperor instincts" in Mao and, to a lesser extent, Deng.
Indeed, what Mao did was almost right out of history books. The emperors' attempts to annhilate their enemies when they sensed danger, the emperors' attempts to better people's lives using means that were totally naive and against human nature, has happened numerous times in Chinese history. China has been too burdened with its history, and Mao was simply an emperor fulfilling his roles while the whole world was watching.
The book also touched upon an interesting (and sad) question: what blames should be placed on ordinary people? It was Mao who unleashed the darkest aspects of human nature during Cultural Revolution, but the darkest sides of some Chinese people were so dark that one has to wonder: why were these people worse than beasts? The Red Guards and the on-lookers who readily cheered as thousands and thousands of people were tortured and beaten (or drowned, pushed from high-rise buildings) to death has to make one wonder: why did they do it? why did they have no judgment of their own and could become the worst creatures on earth simply because of a few words from their leaders? I believe that, if China wants to prevents something like the Cultural Revolution from happening again, it will not be enough to openly admit Mao's role in these atrocities. Ordinary people will also have to do some soul-searching.
After reading this book, I felt extremely sad. I sensed that the disasters that happened to the Chinese people in the past decades could have been avoided. If only Mao had studied Western politics instead of focusing entirely on the deeds of Chinese emperors; if only Kim Ii-Sung wasn't such a fool as to start the Korean War; if only the Chinese people were exposed to Western culture earlier and possessed more qualities than blind patriotism and loyalty; if only more of Mao's subordinates were willing to be outspoken; if only Stalin was a bit less sinister toward China; if only America was a bit more open-minded and not refusing Mao's request for negotiations outright... The list is endless. History is full of missed chances, and ordinary people suffer. Although no reversal is possible, we may be able to learn from the past and avoid some disasters in the future. Because of this, I highly recommend this book.
I am a fan of Salisbury's works for a long time, and this book has not disappointed me. The writing is compelling, the materials well organized, and his unbiased reporting is as good as ever. This is one of the best books on the modern history of China.
The result is a masterpiece of reporting, bringing Mao and Deng to life and in detail like no other account that I have read - and I have read a lot of them! The book concentrates on government and power politics, leaving the details of policies to others, which strikes just the right balance.
Highly recommended.
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"The North China Lover", written several years later and published in an English edition in 1992, is a kind of extension of the earlier novel, written with much more detail, inhabiting the interstices of "The Lover". Like its precursor, "The North China Lover" tells a powerful tale of love between the twenty-seven year old Chinese man and the barely teen-aged girl whom he meets on a ferry crossing the Mekong River. Once again, neither the Chinese man nor the girl has a name. However, unlike the earlier novel, many of the other characters are identified and the narrative of "The North China Lover" is considerably more detailed. Originally written as notes for a screenplay of "The Lover", the narrative of "The North China Lover" is episodic, described by one reviewer as having the "grainy, filmic qualities of a documentary." It is also more linear in its story line, easier to follow than the earlier novel, but still characterized by the nouveau roman influences that permeate Marguerite Duras' writing.
"The North China Lover", like its precursor, is a compelling work of memory, eroticism and yearning that, in true Duras style, conflates literary imagination and biography. Read it slowly, languorously savor its eroticism, and let it linger in your mind long after you've closed the book.
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The stories all take place on the border of China and the USSR during the early 1970s when the two communist countries actually came pretty close to war. The stories are actually a microcosim of Communist China as a whole.
The stories are wonderful and I highly recommend this book not just to sinophiles but to anyone who wants to read a great collection of stories.
All four volumes are needed to identify pieces, although Ms. Gaston provides a shape guide to help date pieces not pictured.
What I'd like to see in the next book is 1) clarification on how the marks were made, i.e., printed over or under glaze, 2) the types of glazes used (and were pieces refired) 3)repeat of history with changes incorporated, verses the new and updated info section. The history only appears fully in the ist volume.
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Any good studies of the history will show that only losers Chinese ever even invaded Taiwan when they can't rule China. That's twice in Taiwan's history. One driven out the Dutch, and the other driven out the Japanese with what's left of their fighting force. However, both died on Taiwan as losers in history. That's how they will be remember.
BTW, CCK put a house arrest on General Sun Li-Jen, who I consider one of the great generals in WW2. I guess now is red China's turn. China without a true free political and free trade system will collapse very soon as USSR did! Do you believe in all of those fairy tales that communists cooked up for its great future? Communists simply have to go, and they will not go quietly for my life time! Please do the math and face the truth!
Taiwan serve its people and not a ruling party at the time, and it will not put a house arrest on their great talents just because they are more able than the ruling party at the time. Taiwanese will all decide for its future for its political and economic interests and national survival!!
war,1949.They have been overthown by China since 50 years ago. In 2000,we have changed our govenment to Taiwanese Demacratic and Progressive government by President election here,so to equalize Taiwan(ROC) to China(People's Republkic of China) is not true.It is a fact that Taiwan(ROC) is NOT a part of China(PRC).Taiwan and China is just with similar names in 2 seperated sovereignties.
In residents here,90% are Taiwanese whom had lived in the island seperated from China for "300 years",mixed up bloodly with both aboriginals and 300-year-ago Chinese(Kanese),experienced "Dutch colony" times in 17th and "Japanese colony" times in 19th (from modernlizatoinal Japanese "Mei-ji revolution times" to the end of world war 2) for another 50 years. On the other hand,9.9% Taiwan residents,who can't understand Taiwanese langauge,and those who lost form Chinese civil war,1949,absconding to here with the lost government/party,Chinese Nationalist Governmnet(KMT),named Republic of China,ruled by Mr.Chiang Kai-Shek,are Taiwan Chinese. Republic of China governmnet got Taiwan's sovereignty from Japan,end of world war two,1947. But,an improtant but secret history point is the Chinese Nationalist Governmnet did a cruel "Taiwan MASSACRE"(we called 228) in 1947,killing 10,000 to 25,000 Taiwanese knowledged men,as teachers,lawyers,doctors,artists,and most students. It hurted Taiwanese feelings very much. Consequently,after 2 years,the Chinese Nationalist Governmnet lost from Chinese civil war and were overthrow by China people,so the govenment and some Chinese imigrated to Taiwan,and did the 40-year political terror and thinking control to exclude Taiwnaese in any public things after the "Taiwan MASSACRE",and to protect unfair revenues to those minor Chinese in Taiwan. Meanwhile,all Taiwanese and Taiwan Chinese were taught "China-only" obligatory education,which dosen't match Taiwan ancienstor's historical truths.
So for we Taiwanese,over-65-year-old generation who can only recorded their thinkings and opinions in Japanese had been sacrified or even "dead" in the Massacre or been prisoned. The Taiwanese baby-boom generation,as President Chen Sui-Bianand,and we youngers can learn Chinese langauge to begin compete with Chinese again here,are still of course past on something by our Taiwanese ancienster's special life experiences inside the family. So,to understand our history,you can know the reasons why from generations to generations,Taiwanese in fact is different from international imgaes or concepts as those of Chinese. But Taiwanese have to keep it in silence for the Chinese Nationalist Governmnet(KMT) controled since 1949 to 1990 all the media,politics,and let social resources unfairly distrubuted to 9.9% Taiwan Chinese,along with great political terror to Taiwanese. So,the island country,Taiwan,complexly contains 9.9% residents are purely Chinese in personality,habbits,values,and affection which brought by their DNA,history life-experiences,and family upbringings,and over 70% Taiwanese but not Chinese in recognization and feelings to the nationality.
The Chinese Nationalist Governmnet,who brought "Republu of China" in Taiwan seperated from "People's Republic of China" in China since 1949,had also been changed to a Taiwanese Demacratic and Proggresive Government,President Chen Sui-Bian and new Taiwanese ministry after 2000 President election,voted by every residents in Taiwan! So,it is a fact that Taiwan is NOT a part of China! Don't be tricked by the similirity of the names of these 2 sovereignties.I live up in Taiwan,used Taiwanese money,pay taxes to Taiwanese gonvernmnet,and do voting to Taiwan's president and so on by ourselves. If go to China,it's no difference as to apply a visa process to go abroad as to foreign countries. Why we are a part of China? Just because of the names are similar? Then it grants China an excuse to occupy Taiwan?
In conclusion,Taiwanese can't say our name for the Chiang's Chinese Nationalist Governmnet and his fake dreams of that China was legally owned by him for past 50 years in Taiwan island. But recent 10 years Taiwanese indeed made a silent but peaceful "political revolution" to returen thise things to people who lived up and made efforst here for at least 300 years. Pre-first-Taiwanese president Lee fostered Chinese Nationalist Governmnet to peacefully transfer to the Taiwanese Democratic and Proggresive Govnment without bleed.
Privately,I never feel I am a Chinese.In anthropology,Taiwanese are mixed up with half Chinese in 300 years ago and half island local aboriginals.So,we Taiwanese got different face shape with Chinese,with deeper eye frames and bigger eyes. Plus the colony experiences by Dutch and Japan influene Taiwanese different in personality,habbits,and values. But there're minior but monopolized Chinese live up in Taiwan since 1949 to now is a fact,too.
Therefore,Taiwan won't annouce "formally" independent too fast,for we have to respect the 9.9% Taiwan Chinese least their contary to deter our public proggresiveness.
But,Taiwan will keep going on our roads of "Democratic,Freedom,Human rights,and Peace." The roads which we Taiwnaese once deprived by 9.9% monolopized Taiwan Chinese. As for Taiwan's future,only the referendum is the fairest way to decide our country fate.
Even China is tougher now,and my family have factory there,as Taiwanese,BUT we would never feel like to be consolidate with China because it's the "roots" that we are different in nature. Nowadays is global vallige,if we Taiwanese lost our rights of decide Taiwan's fate to mainland Chinese or Taiwan Chinese again,we,who recognized in affection we're Taiwanese,would like to be "international citizens" more than a Chinese.
There's only one China. It is "People's Republic of China." And,"Republic of China" is newly ruled by Taiwanese president and ministry.Please,please don't be tricked by China's lie of that Taiwan is a part of China. Taiwan have been seperated from them for a handred years.
Thanks for reading. Peace and God blessed.