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The Order was in fact an exception in the social organization of the Middle Ages: it combined two (of the three) orders: the first one (the nobility) and the second one (the clergy). This situation gave the Templars a very privileged status (for taxes for instance), but also ignited big envies.
They were pioneers on different fronts. First, in finances: their headquarters in Paris were practically a central bank for Europe; all kingdoms had a line of credit there. They invented for instance the bill of exchange. Secondly, in commerce. They were in fact the first capitalists in Europe. They didn't keep their money in the bank, but invested heavily and with profit in agriculture to provide food for the crusaders.
Unfortunately, this book is too superficial and not always clear-cut. Demurger gives the facts, the battles, but he doesn't clearly explain the financial organization or the trial proceedings.
He admits also very reluctantly, as if the honour of France was at stake, that the French king Philippe le Bel destroyed the Order only for financial reasons. We know from other work that the king contracted a very big loan from the Order, just before their persecution. If he could, with the help of the pope, condemn them, he didn't have to repay the money. Into the bargain, he could confiscate their possessions in France.
A better work is 'Der Prozesz gegen die Templer' by M.J. Krück von Poterzyn, but that work covers only the period of the trial.
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I think in Thomas Pynchon's "V" there is a passage where two thugs planning to steal Botticelli's "The Birth of Venus" from the Uffizi go to the museum and stare at the painting. They see a nude woman, a maid who is trying to cover her up with a cloak, and an excited male god at the left who is trying hard to blow the cloak away and keep Venus nude. Well, this does not add to our understanding of Botticelli, but provides amusing reading and serves Pynchon's point nicely. Something similar happens with "Formless": it is entertaining but tells us mostly about personal excitements and idiocyncrazies of the two intellegent people who wrote this collection.
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This is a book that wanted to be a video compilation. I don't have a scrap of fact for this assertion save that it would clearly make more sense as a frustrated boxed set: short 'interview' pieces by stars and fans, inadequate in a book, might be delivered to camera; exhaustively detailed synopses of episodes the authors really just want to show to us; even the photos which are the book's main attraction point to a visual, rather than a literary, aim. Originally published as 'Chapeau Melon et Bottes de Cuir' ('Bowler Hat and Leather Boots'), this is perhaps the best-looking book on 'The Avengers' so far, yet has a strangely unprofessional feel; the writing style is more that of an old-fashioned fan magazine than a book. Other features seem short and slapdash, such as an episode guide with too many similarities to that in Dave Rogers' 'The Ultimate Avengers' - for example, neither can distinguish a local from a Westminster by-election in 'November Five', and the financial mistake in 'Death of a Batman' crops up here too! Their thirteen 'selection box' episodes are just inferior substitutes for videos or repeats, recounted at lifeless length; almost everything but the dialogue is given, complete with minute details of scenery and still the odd stupid mistake (such as missing out the main red herring in 'The Cybernauts'). They reflect little of the series - nothing with Ian Hendry or Honor Blackman (the series' real groundbreaker), but eight from the single colour Diana Rigg season. Yes, I think the black and white Rigg and the colour Thorson seasons are a better mix of the silly and the sinister, but if the authors had made comments on their choices they might communicate some of their enthusiasm to the reader. Sadly, the width of coverage without the added depth of performances, music and dialogue gives little idea of why 'The Avengers' was special - instead bringing you perilously close to boredom. There are suddenly several 'Avengers' books around, and more variety with the Movie - though I still reckon Lily Savage makes a better Mrs Peel than Uma Thurman! The best episode guides are in Dave Rogers' 'The Complete Avengers'; for background information, try his aforementioned 'The Ultimate Avengers', despite the largest number of typos ever; the most readable is Patrick Macnee's 'The Avengers and Me', which looks great too (even if it's not quite so unputdownable as his autobiography 'Blind in One Ear'); the best 'feel' for the series, with dialogue quotes and reviews, is Cornell, Day and Topping's 'The Avengers Dossier', despite my not agreeing with all their opinions (particularly their attacks on Linda Thorson's wonderful Tara King). My liberal hatred of monopoly notes this is the only one with no involvement by Rogers - unless you count his helping get its original version withdrawn, which is why the current re-release has been nicknamed 'The Avengers Unpulped'! So what's the unique selling point here? The photos. Some are previously unpublished, and I love the one on page 67. Otherwise, I'd only recommend it to beginners and completists. It simply isn't "the definitive Avengers guide" its publicity claims, and if you've seen a fair number of episodes and want a book about the series, it might be pretty but it's not the best one for you.
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Over 500 hundred questions are included in the book, broken down into chapters. The book is one giant set of questions, with explanations and topics for further review. The author puts everything into one neat little package and gives it to you.
You have each objective of the exam covered completely and the questions are not as easy as you think. This book makes a handy reference to have and if you're serious about passing the exam, this is the first step in success.
Couple this book with another title from New Riders, Microsoft Windows 98 Next generation training, and the combination is hard to beat. Stop putting off advancement, get a copy of the book today before the exam is retired at the end of the year.
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Following is a fundamental error in the explanation of the Servlet Lifecycle from page 4:
"The container loads the servlet class (if it isn't already loaded), instantiates the servlet with request and response objects, calls the servlet's init method, then calls it's service method,..."
The request and response objects are passed to the service method - they are not part of servlet instantiation.
On page 19 he provides a summary listing getNamedDispatcher() as a method of ServletRequest - it is actually a method of ServletContext.
Here's a doozie from the overview on page 3 that also demonstrates his articulate writing style:
"Going the other way, the container wraps the response parameters with the HttpServletResponse object, which is passed back to the container."
Let's look an one of his examples. On page 16 while discussing Context, he suggests using a login servlet to set an application-level attribute "productColor". Lame.
I wonder how much I could get for it at the recycler...
Skip it.
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