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I commend anyone just for trying to lose weight in our society. In many ways, the deck is stacked against the overweight and obese. I'll never understand a society that discriminates against the overweight when they are now the majority. Compassion and respect should be given to anyone who suffers with a weight problem. Most of us have battled this problem or will as we age.
It's understandable that overweight people would feel validated by the existence of obesity genes to explain their condition. I do believe these genes plague my family and many people, as many of us gain weight so easily. But genes alone do not explain the recent obesity epidemic. Studies confirm the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically since 1980. Before that, the increases in overweight and obesity were much slower. Biology and genes can not be solely responsible. The gene pool did not radically change in the last twenty-two years. Evolution takes millions of years.
The real problem might be that Americans are constantly bombarded by a toxic food environment. Our average diet is poor quality and loaded with low cost, high-calorie foods ( some even non-fat or low-fat, but packed with hidden calories). Constantly hawked on tv, radio and print ads yummy foods from Snackwells to Big Macs seem so acceptable. But most of this stuff is lethal to our waistlines and for some, our health and lives. Yes, personal responsibility and lifestyle choices, even for those of us who have one or more obesity gene(s), will always be the main factor in whether we will be average weight, overweight or obese. But the food industry shares some of the blame. The industry says it's just responding to consumer demand, but they are also guilty of shaping our food preferences. It's growing exceedingly harder every year to eat right and exercise correctly, partly due to the confusing messages the food, diet and fitness industries deluge the American public with. We're encouraged to "Super Size" our meals but NOT our bodies. That's schizophrenic, not to mention nearly impossible. And worst of all, this affects our children.
In the end, losing excess weight and maintaining a healthy weight in our high tech, convenient and affluent society is a major effort even for the mildly overweight. I commend anyone just for trying!
But the truth is eating a balanced low calorie/moderate fat/adequate protein and carbohydrate diet and regular exercise that includes aerobics and strength training is the ONLY way to lose weight and maintain. Any book, program, doctor or expert who tells you different, is trying to sell you something, uneducated in basic physiology and/or doesn't care about you or your health.
At 5 feet tall, I've weighed 164 lbs and 117 lbs with many yo-yo's in between. I've suffered a few of the health effects of overweight including arthritis, painful feet and getting winded easily. I've tried the gimmicks and easy fixes like high protein, low carb. (Yes, you'll lose weight if you can give up bread, potatoes, rice, wheat etc. These diets work because they drastically reduce your calorie intact even if you eat meat and butter. And these are dangerous diets. Any time you omit an entire food group, your body will eventually revolt and when you go off, you'll gain the weight back.)
Everyone is different and unique, but lasting weight management success came to me after I came to terms with the fact that I had to live a healthy, balanced lifestyle. I'm 42 and look and feel better than I did at 20. I maintain my weight with moderate aerobic exercise 4 days a week, strength training 2 days a week and eating low calorie, fresh foods 6 days a week. (Saturday is cheat day.) A big part of my success is making every bite of food taste wonderful and satisfying. If I eat crappy food, I just eat more because it never satisfies. Yes, this can be done on a low calorie diet. I cook with lots of fresh herbs, spices, small amounts of olive oil and high flavor cheeses, fresh ingredients and never eat what I do not like. I was a pizza hound, (and still indulge once a week) but I'm just as satisfied with two slices of crusty Italian bread dipped in a little marinara sauce with a sprinkle of fresh herbs and finely shredded Romano cheese. I've now stayed under 120 pounds for the last 5 years except for a pregnancy weight gain of 24 pounds. My son is two years old now and I'm back down to 120 pounds. I want to set an example for him and keep him healthy. Here's a few sensible books/videos I've found very helpful to weight loss/maintainence and delicious low fat cooking:
Dr. Shapiro's Picture Perfect Weight Loss,
Strong Women Stay Slim by Miriam E. Nelson,
The Fat of The Land by Michael Fumento,
Prevention's The Healthy Cook,
Healthy 1-2-3 : The Ultimate 3 Ingredient Cookbook
by Rozanne Gold,
Cooking Light Five Star Recipes : The Best of 10 Years,
Leslie Sansone: Walk & Firm Fat Burner - 2 Mile In-Home Walking,
Pilates Beginning Mat Workout,
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Using the mass tort litigation involving the drug Bendectin, which was used to treat morning sickness but became suspected of causing birth defects, the authors make a key point: the scientific method is not entirely compatible with the legal method.
The scientific process consists of formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis to see if it can be disproven, and repeating the testing process until one becomes convinced that the hypothesis must be true. (Or realizing that it is false, if a test disproves it.)
This means, however, that a scientific witness can be neutralized somewhat through clever (but artful) questioning of the sort, "Isn't it possible that . . . ."
There are no equations in this book, but there is some discussion of statistics, particularly as used in epidemiology. The mathematical concepts are not at all difficult, and well worth thinking about.
Foster and Huber use the litigation over the pregnancy drug Bendectin to explain the ways in which science is used and misused to "prove" cases. In the case of Bendectin, there was no conclusive medical evidence proving that the drug caused birth defects. Rather, there was a statistical association between the use of the drug and birth defects. Does this prove that Bendectin causes birth defects?
It might or it might not. The field of epidemiology attempts to answer the question by eliminating other possible explanations for the association. Various techniques of epidemiology include blind (or double-blind) testing, data analysis, and so on.
Foster and Huber demonstrate that the scientific techniques are not entirely conducive with the standards of modern litigation. For example, scientists generally do not speak of "proving" an assertion; rather, they "falsify" it. That is, they attempt to disprove it -- it is usually easier to show that something is not true, since you only need to find one example. When an assertion has withstood repeated attempts to falsify it, it becomes generally accepted.
This has important ramifications for litigation, however. Litigation -- particularly mass torts -- requires a "yes" or "no" answer: in the scientific opinion of the expert witness, does Bendectin cause birth defects? The expert will of course have explained his or her analysis, but in the end, that analysis must be boiled down into a yes or no answer, regardless of the suitability of such an intellectual liposuction.
In summary, this is a fascinating book if you are interested in these sorts of issues. Although the book covers science and scientific inquiry, it does not require a significant amount of scientific knowledge.
Anyway, the book brings Kenneth Mac Alpin to life: his strengths, anxieties, and loves. He is a man with a vision--to unite the Celtic peoples of Alba (Pictland), Dalriada (Scotland), Strathclyde, Galloway, Wales, Man, and even Ireland--all under threats from Norsemen, Angles, and Saxons in the ninth century.
Even though the history from this period is murky, Tranter is very convincing, and in accord with most of the credible research, especially on the merger of the Picts and the Scots. It seems clear that Kenneth did not conquer the Picts, but became the king of a unified kingdom, which needed him because of internal strife and external threats.
The book is particularly exciting when Kenneth combats the Norsemen, in both Scotland and Ireland. Tranter dispelled my mistaken notions of Vikings as noble warriors; rather, they are depicted as cruel plunderers. I had to get out a map to follow all the travels and battles. It would have been great if Tranter had provided one, but I finally found one in my house!
Kenneth's love for the Pict princess, Eithne, is very tender, as written in this book, and the reader is made to feel Kenneth's longing for her.
The book is great history, romance, and adventure.
However, the story that you find in this telling of Scotland's first King, Kenneth, is none of this. In Nigel Tranter's book, "Kenneth," you find a warrior faced with a tenuous alliance, a segmented Celtic People, an uncertain Celtic Church, war with the Southern Saxons and raiding of the Norse Vikings. We meet Kenneth making his first impact with the assorted Celtic Royalty in a battle that, according to this story, changes its direction when the King of Alba sees a cloud in the shape of an 'X'. This is the mark of St. Andrew, Jesus' brother and, by some accounts, first disciple. This white cross in a blue sky, becomes the mark and symbol of the Celtic victory over the Saxons, and allows Kenneth to shine as a leader of men and action.
Within the course of this fictionalized history, we find Kenneth developing a concept of a united Celtic People to defend their common interests and traditions. Kenneth leads a successful expedition to defeat the Norse Viking raiders of Iona, achieving the name 'Viking Slayer'. We see situations where his leadership stops fellow Celts from raiding each other, and the roots of unity begin.
Unlike an American Hero / Leader, Kenneth is painfully slow on the uptake of the idea to become a uniting King of the 'Scottish' people. And the means of uniting Alba, Dalriada, Galloway, Skye, Strathclyde(?) and Man in a new name and a definition of a new people happens late in the book and through a very 'normal' series of successions. The use of the traditions of the Dalriadan Kings being seated on the Stone of Destiny to be coronated and anointed King is very powerful. It echoes the images Tranter uses in his book, Macbeth the King.
The 'After Words' that concludes this work mentions something about the MacGregor claims to Kenneth. But as a story and 'illustrated' history, it's great reading. If you can find it, get it. Amazon sent me three copies and I have given away two. I have since made two more people fans of Nigel Tranter's writing and I am glad to have done it.
Mathew Allen December, 1998 mvallen@uswest.net or mallen@j2ca.com
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Don't buy it used!... Buy it NEW because you're going to read this book over and over.
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This book by Prof. Seeskin is a good introduction to Maimonides thought. For a good introduction to why Maimonides was so controversial (both then and now), see the entry under "Maimonodean Controversy" in the Encyclopaedia Judaica. For another important discussion of the implications of Maimonide's views, see "Must a Jew Believe Anything?" by Menachem Kellner.
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Matthew has written superb commentar which is a joy to read
and really helps open the scriptures.
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