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Kimberly :-)
Personalmente non avrei molti dubbi: credo che l'opera più completa che esiste sul mercato e che associa alla competenza una buona leggibilità anche per chi non è di madre lingua sia proprio questo.
Eileen Southern è Professor Emerita di Musica e Studi Afro-americani alla Harvard University di Boston, fondatrice ed editrice della rivista The Black Perspective in Music, che è stata pubblicata dal 1973 al 1990, e autrice, coautrice ed editrice di numerosi volumi sulla musica e la cultura afroamericana.
Il libro in questione, di 678 pagine, ripercorre tutta la storia della musica afroamericana dalle origini (1619) fino all'ultimo decennio del XX secolo. L'opera è suddivisa in 14 capitoli ed è completata con un'accurata bibliografia e discografia e un indice dei nomi e dei temi.
Il linguaggio è piano e comprensibile anche a chi non abbia una quotidiana familiarità con l'americano scritto.
Il libro della Southern affronta tutti i diversi generi musicali dei neri americani, dal canto in congregazione alla musica urbana del primo ottocento, dai worksongs ai traveling road shows, dal blues al ragtime, ecc..
Il taglio critico trasversale, che analizza l'emergere della musica nera all'interno della più ampia realtà sociologica e culturale dell'America Settentrionale, consente di cogliere con chiarezza le fasi dell'evolversi della cultura afroamericana, non solo musicale. Si tratta di un'opera più descrittiva che interpretativa, in tal senso più adatta a chi, volendo avviare la propria conoscenza del fenomeno musicale afroamericano, non è interessato all'analisi del significato profondo della musica e dei testi e a conoscere i diversi modelli interpretativi proposti dagli studiosi.
Fondamentale!
This 3rd edition was done in 1997, thus it is quite up-to-date in its coverage of classical, jazz, rock, pop, gospel, swing, ragtime or blues. If it is music as practiced, performed or composed by people of color, this is where you'll find valuable information about it. Beginning with Africa and continuing to the present day, the four sections detail this rich history: Song in a Strange Land (1619-1775); Let My People Go (1776-1865); Blow Ye the Trumpet (1865-1919) and Lift Every Voice (1920-1996). The latter section is particularly informative reading with sections on Jazz, The Harlem Renaissance, and the Mid-Century Decades. It is these years in which artists of color finally took their well-deserved place on the musical stages of the world. Of course, they had been visible in their own world, and the popularity of such major composers as Scott Joplin and Duke Ellington allowed them to more or less effortlessly cross-over to the 'white' world. Lena Horne, the Mills Brothers, Louis Armstrong, Cab Calloway were--and still are--names to be reckoned with in any list of fabulous performers.
And then there was Marion Anderson who finally made her way to the Metropolitan Opera at the very end of her career, making way for Robert McFerrin, Leontyne Price, Jessye Norman, Simon Estes and George Shirley, who were very much pioneers in their respective repertoire. Today, thankfully, artists of color are not at all rare on the concert and/or opera stages of the world. But lest we forget the individual trauma these artists suffered in order to be able to compete in this way, we need to remember the past while we are glorying in the present. This book will, if you let it, open your mind and your ears to wonderful, glorious sounds, without which our world would be a much quieter and poorer place.
The author of this book is the renowned Eileen Southern (Professor Emerita of Music and Afro-American Studies at Harvard University) who is herself a musician as well as a writer, and is eminently qualified to illuminate The Music of Black Americans to the world in general.
Pages 613 through 646 comprise a rich bibliography and discography; the index takes up 41 pages. NO music lover should be without this invaluable reference work.
The analysis of Medicare in the 1990s, found in the current volume, is excellent. This is an ideal time to read or reread the book since Medicare program changes will face our new President and the newly elected or reelected members of our House of Representatives and Senate during 2001. This fall I read the second edition and found the book very informative and enjoyable.
If so, Theodore Marmor's reissue and revision of The Politics of Medicare is the book you want to pick up. There is no comparable book of its kind. Other scholars have studied Medicare's origins. Journalists trace the ebb and flow of contemporary Washington battles over Social Security and Medicare. But Marmor, a Yale professor and health policy guru, has written the definitive analysis of how the political battles waged over health insurance and Medicare from the 1940s onward powerfully shape the debate over the program to this day.
Wondering why Medicare, unlike almost all major private insurance plans, fails to cover most prescription drugs? The seeds of an answer may be found in the fears of 1960s legislators that the unpredictable cost of drugs could swamp the program at its outset. Unsure why medical expenditures took off in the 1960s and 1970s? Partly because doctors, who had led the charge against a government-sponsored social insurance program for the aged, benefited enormously from generous rules that were designed to assauge their fears about participation. Puzzled how Medicare became such a political hot potato after years of uninterrupted popularity? Marmor deftly shows how the Reagan administration reoriented widely-held fears about medical inflation into narrower fears about the supposedly unsustainable cost of public programs.
Another reason that this astute volume bears reading, or rereading: Marmor shows that elections can really matter. In the absence of the Democratic majority in Congress that emerged from the 1964 elections, passage of Medicare would have been delayed or forestalled altogether.
Within the cozy world of health policy analysts, Marmor is known for being a staunch proponent of national health insurance and a skeptic about the potential of HMOs and different forms of "managed competition" to control health costs and delivery quality care. His convictions enliven the text rather than detracting from its rigorous logic. This is a book that anyone interested in the politics of health care, and in American politics in general, will appreciate.
One thing alone mars this otherwise impressive book: its packaging. Sadly, any seven-year old with access to Microsoft Excel could have improved on the volume's rudimentary and unappealing charts and graphics. But the reader shouldn't let this superficial flaw detract from Marmor's important and unusually well-written book.
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Highly recommended to anyone who is interested in the original, esoteric forms of Christianity as a Jewish-styled version of the Hellenistic mystery-religion, as described in the book The Jesus Mysteries, by Freke and Gandy.
(I) The book opens with a piece entitled "Points of View". Here Steiner introduces the reader to "spiritual science," which investigates spiritual pheonomena the way natural scientists observe the physical world. In this book, the phenomenon to be investigated is the spiritual evolution of humankind.
(II) In "Mysteries and Mystery Wisdom", Steiner discusses the initiates and truth seekers of ancient civilizations. In each community, there were always two religions, the religion of the people and the "secret" religion. He describes rules, teachings and practices common to all these secret religions, with emphasis on the Ancient Greek Mysteries. Then he illustrates what mystics who achieved enlightenment experienced, quoting the likes of Heraclitus, Plutarch and Xenophanes.
(III) In "Greek Sages before Plato in the Light of Mystery Wisdom", Steiner delves deeper into Ancient Greek philosophy. By shedding the light of the mysteries on the writings of those who modern thinkers call the "Natural Philosophers", he reveals that these ancients studied not the physical world, but the spiritual world.
(IV) "Plato As a Mystic" is a part devoted entirely to Plato's teachings. First, Steiner describes Socrates as an initiate, drawing on the accounts in the "Phaedo", the "Timaeus", and the "Symposium". Then he takes apart a few Greek myths to show how their symbols correspond to mystery images. Finally, he introduces Philo, a Neoplatonist considered a reincarnation of Plato, to show how similar are Plato's path to cognition and Christians' path to Christ.
(V) "Mystery Wisdom and Myth" is a continuation of the previous part, with more analyses of Greek myths and philosophy. Here, Steiner also shows similarities between a parable attributed to Buddha and the Egyptian myth of Osiris.
(VI) In "Egyptian Mystery Wisdom", Steiner digs more deeply into the story of Osiris and the text of the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Then he reveals the parallels in the lives of Buddha and Jesus of Nazareth, proving that Buddhism is also a mystical fact. Unlike the Osiris myth and the story of Buddha, however, the life of Jesus takes the initiations further.
(VII) "The Gospels" examines the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John not as biographies of Jesus as a man, but as myths that speak of the "Mystery of Golgotha" the way the myths of Ancient Greece speak of the Ancient Mysteries. The Mysteries of Judaism are also touched here, because it was to a Jewish initiate that the Logos descended.
(VIII) In "The Miracle of the Raising of Lazarus", Steiner shows what is so special and significant about Lazarus' rising from the dead. (There is more on this in Steiner's "The Gospel of St. John".)
(IX) In "The Apocalypse of John", Steiner uncovers the meanings of the strange symbols in Revelations: the seven churches, the seven seals, the four horsemen, the four animals, etc.
(X) "Jesus and His Historical Background" gives some information on the Essenes and the Therapeutae, who initiated Jesus of Nazareth into the Mysteries. Describing their lifestyle and beliefs, Steiner explains their role in the spiritual evolution of humankind.
(XI) "The Essence of Christianity" is where Steiner finally explains how Christianity differs from the ancient secret religions and why Christian philosophy has rightly changed the world. He also shows how the earliest Christians, and many Gnostics were able to reconcile the Mystery of Golgotha with the Ancient Mysteries.
(XII) In "Christianity and Pagan Wisdom", Steiner compares Neoplatonism, the representative vessel of pagan wisdom, and Christianity, to show why Christianity is so important in relation to the ancient Mysteries.
(XIII) The book ends with "Augustine and the Church". As St. Augustine of Hippo was a pagan who was converted to Christianity, his convictions, quoted by Steiner, are a magnificent illustration of the transition from pagan spirituality to Christian spirituality. St. Augustine set a precedent for the approach to the Christ Mystery that most Catholics follow to this day. Steiner does not judge this path as right or wrong, but does explain why the Christ event has redeemed faith in mysticism.
As most of Steiner's illustrations involve Ancient Greek initiates and early Christian mystics, a background in history and philosophy will definitely make it easier to plod through this book. Fortunately, the reader can get away with information gleaned from the outlines in "Sophie's World" by Jostein Gaarder.
Steiner interprets the life of Chrsit as a model for the path of an initiate. As examples, he offers elegant insights into parts of the gospels which have previously left me "in the dark." Some say that Steiner's approach to the Christianity has been continued by Joseph Campbell. If you like Campbell, you'll like this book.
This book has reinvigorated Christianity for me-- by showing me how it can be interpreted like a myth. Now I can look at the gospels in a new manner, and gain new insights from them.
I think that it helps to have a little background in Greek philosophy to read this book, but I don't think that its absolutely necessary.
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