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I highly recommend this book.
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Relating his discovery to Ratty, the riverbank friends decide that there is only one road left for Toad to travel; the path of self-discovery and personal development through counselling. But de Board's book is touching and engaging rather than po-faced or pontificating, as it traces this most life-changing of Toad's adventures. In keeping with the best of humorous writing, Counselling for Toads, is serious at heart. This is likely to make it especially palatable to those with a healthy streak of scepticism about the value of therapy. de Board gives an excellent introduction to the aims of counselling, the nature of the therapeutic relationship and the nuts and bolts of Transactional Analysis. While it is easy to read, it does not shy away from technical terms where these are necessary.
Discover the roots of Toad's penchant for adventure as he tells Heron, his counsellor, of his childhood and his relationships with family and friends. Toad's encounter with therapy turns out to be an education not only for this deserving hero, but for all those who would be close to him.
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But something is missing. Why is it that the old cliches about voting ("If voting could things it would be abolished") and choice ("In New Hampshire your house can be any colour you want, as long as it is white") have such resonance? Why does it appear that as the number of democracies increase, the actual options they have decrease? This is the subject of Roberts' important book on the fate of the Chilean and Peruvian left. Although somewhat repetitive and poorly written Roberts presents an important account of the problems facing democracy today.
Roberts' title refers to the idea of "deepening democracy." Instead of imposing the autocratic and ultimately inefficient state socialisms of the past, many Latin American leftists looked to more grassroots and localized decision-making. Such decision making would be healthier than the clientist approach of many previous Latin American populists. At the same time they sought to create a strategy that would not concentrate in classic Marxist fashion on the industrial working-class, historically a relatively small portion of the Latin American population. Instead they would concentrate on new popular movements (women, environmental, leftist Christians, local, etc) to supplement their base. In turn they would also remove their utopian and Leninist illusions of the past which encouraged them to undervalue Liberal Democracy and which encouraged a polarization that led to their defeat.
So far, so good, but the results, as Roberts shows, is very depressing. The savagery of the Pinochet years shattered the traditional trade union movements, industrial base, and what peasant base the left had. The result was a powerful atomization that limited the capacity of the left to get popular support. Of course, Pinochet ensured that the new constitutional order would leave the army's privileges intact and give the Right special bonuses. Moderate Socialist intellectuals theorized about how "deepening democracy" might serve as a substitute for attempts to abolish capitalism outright. In practice, however, they favored a policy of compromise with moderate centrists. Fearing that an aggressive, or even moderately principled position, would encourage the right to support a return to dictatorship, the moderate Left did nothing to encourage or mobilize the grassroots for a more radical democracy. It could provide little help to a shattered trade union movement. Instead political life has been demobilized, with political life confined to elections and the rather atomistic and limited viewpoint it fosters. At the same time the once strong Chilean Communist Party has not moved beyond the limits of a Vanguard Leninist strategy which hampers mobilizing the Chilean population.
Even more distressing is the situation in Peru, where the United Left got a third of the vote in the mid-eighties and at one point seemed to be about to win the presidency. But in a brilliant chapter Roberts shows how it all fell apart. The union movement and much of the hard work the Left had put into organizing the shantytowns of Lima collapsed in the late 1980s when the economy collapsed. At the same time the terrorist Sendero Luminiso encouraged popular fear and panic while brutally attacking the Democratic Left's institutions. Meanwhile the United Left became divided between its moderate and leftist forces. "Indeed, the moderate and radical agendas were mutually negating: the electoralism of Barrantes marginalized and diffused the grass-roots organs of popular power that were integral to the PUM's strategy, while its radical demands polarized the political arena in ways that made it impossible for Barrantes to perform an integrative role." Economic disaster shattered the grassroots groups and it also put the political institutions of the country into contempt, so both radical and moderate approaches failed. Instead into the vacuum appeared Alberto Fujimori who established an authoritarian regime occasionally vindicated by elections. Roberts concludes that "democracy is not served by self-containment, it thrives on deep social roots, a broad base of support, and a capacity to adapt to changing circumstances and newly emerging social pressures, all of which require a participatory civil society." Instead of a vibrant democracy we get an emasculated one, with consequences to be felt far into the future. Maybe forever.
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This book would make a wonderful gift for a new Christian or someone who is unfamiliar with the classic authors of Christian literature, but keep in mind that only two one-sided pages are given to each author, so one can hardly get to know the authors introduced. A useful, companion volume to this book (also general in nature) is Terry Glaspey's "Great Books of the Christian Tradition" which introduces one to many of the classic books of Christianity. For nice summaries of the classics of Christian literature, I recommend books edited by Frank N. Magill and Ian P. McGreal such as "Masterpieces of Christian Literature" and "Christian Spirituality" or the one edited by Magill, "Masterpieces of Catholic Literature". Some of these latter books, unfortunately, are out of print but may be located in used book stores. After one has been introduced to some of the classics, one should immediately begin reading them. Many of the Christian classics of spirituality are included in the Paulist Press series called "The Classics of Western Spirituality". Also check out the Ancient Christian Writers series by Newman Press (an imprint of Paulist Press). For those interested in Christian mysticism, see the wonderful, pictorial gift-type book by Ursula King entitled "Christian Mystics". May God richly bless you in your reading endeavors!
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The most interesting passages are about the other major religions,how they came to be, and the influence they have on Christianity.
Now back to the reason I claim this book to be inconsistent. There are sections that expound on a "faith only" salvation, and how fundamentalist "cults" believe too much in a literal translation of the bible and salvation through "works." While these authors go to great lengths to show that faith is the only need for salvation, the second half of the book discusses declining morality in the world. If works are not necessary to Christianity, then why should morality be promoted? Wouldn't living a moral life be a "work?" I find it foolish to say that all you must do to be saved is believe and have faith. Why would the bible exist with all of those "rules and regulations", if faith alone was enough to save?
This book is otherwise a fine discourse on upholding your belief in an almighty God and His plans for His creation.