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It should be obvious from reading "Sham Shame" that there are very few people capable of managing a new for-profit industry who can draw the line between corporate profits and public well-being that will please the customers or the government.
On the one hand the government tells the power companies that it's a bright new world where then can make large profits if they compete well and on the other hand expects that those power companies will forego those profits for public good. Jack makes it clear that the industry is far too complex and has too many opportunities for making profits for the government to oversee. It is also clear that since the government had no idea what would result from deregulation, or at least no ideas it was willing to share with the public beforehand, it is now in the position of having to blame everyone but itself for the claimed unforseen consequences.
The government had the opportunity to look at the predictions of price increases and loss of reliability but chose instead to ignore them and plunge forward with an unrestrained free power market while expecting a trial-and-error philosophy would keep the whole thing from spinning too far out of control.
While Jack's book refrains from naming names and pointing fingers to the maximum extent possible, it is clear from reading between the lines that the profit-seekers who wanted into the market and regulators who wanted them there weren't at all honest the American people about what they knew of the downside of deregulation and what they obviously suspected might be coming.
Jack needs to write a sequel, "They Hear, See and Smell no Evil" about the government's current investigation of the industry for what it knew and what it did that was not in the best public interest. Then he can write another, "Blind Trust," about who should investigate the government for what it knew and what it did not do in the public's interest.
While these aren't the questions Jack Casazza asks, they are the questions that naturally come to mind when intelligent people read "Sham Shame."
While I have read a few more well-written books, I have read none more frank or thought-provoking.
Jack Duckworth, author of "Power to the People - Electric Power Deregulation, an Expose" ISBN 0967911958
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Other specific problems in Dean Ely's book include: (1) on p. 9 he states "from childhood we Americans are programmed to fall in when the bugle sounds." What? What country is he living in? The country has not been militaristic since 1945, if then. The man has no idea what true militarism is. His comment obviously flows from an anti-military world view. (2) The U.S. was not in a "naval war" with Iran in 1987-1998, as Dean Ely claims on p. 49. Shelling an oil platform and shooting up a couple of speedboats hardly qualifies as a "war." Once again, the reader is left with the sense that Dean Ely's analysis is subject to a preconceived world view. (3) enlisted personnel do not have the "skepticism aboout superiors' orders" drilled out of them during basic training, as Dean Ely claims on p. 57. Having been an officer in the military myself, I can assure the potential reader that's not the case.
The problems noted above all stem from Dean Ely's own prejudices. I would give 5:1 odds that Dean Ely is a liberal democrat, who attended an East-Coast school sometime in the 1960s. His analysis fits that mold perfectly. So read this book, but remember that the author has not risen above his own particular biases.
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I recently went to a John Rosemond speech and was truly impressed. I have always read his advice in our local paper and I found him to be a little harsh, however after hearing him speak I was amazed. He offers sound, sensible advice in this book about parenting. For example, when our toddler won't put something away the scene was always me begging and bribing him to do so (and often I would end up doing it). Rosemond suggests telling the child to do the requested task (ie "Put away the blocks") and walk away. Surprisingly, after a few times of coming back and telling (note: not asking) him to do so, he followed the direction. Rosemond says that while you stand and watch the child he or she has something to resist against thus the reason to walk away.
If you ever have the opportunity to listen to Rosemond speak, do it!! And if you are looking for good advice in bringing up your child read this book!!
Some people find Rosemond harsh. Those tend to be parents who are willing to fill their time by wheedling, cajoling and bargaining with their children. Others find Rosemond to make perfect sense. Those tend to be parents who understand (and apply!) the fundamental concept that the parents have more experience and more expertise than the children do, and that it is a parental responsibility to take charge and tell the children what the rules are, how the family works, and what the consequences are for disobedience.
Rosemond knows whereof he speaks. Not only is he a parent himself (two grown children--he's now a grandfather), but he has a doctorate in his chosen field. The thing he writes in "Parent Power!" that struck me like a bolt of lightning was that parents who let their kids take the lead and rule the roost are doing the children a disservice. Kids need and crave structure and order. They like knowing what the boundaries are (even if at first it appears that they don't!). When parents set boundaries and then don't keep within them--or lay down rules and then capitulate at the first request from the child--it actually disturbs the child, because it comes across as though the PARENT doesn't really know what the rules are. And to the kid, that translates to the frightening thought, "Well, gosh, if Mom and Dad don't know what the rules are, who DOES know?"
There's so much good stuff here. I urge every parent--frustrated or not--to be open-minded and read this terrific book. It's a treasure trove of useful, usable, sound information.
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I bogged down in Steven Pinker's "The Language Instinct" halfway after it started strongly and then seemed to overwhelm me with neurology. Mc W's book, by contrast, explored what I'd always
wondered: why do languages start out so complex and then grow more simplified, rather than vice-versa as in the natural world?
While McW does not exactly solve this mystery so much as admit that languages tend to ornament and filigree given the space and often the initial isolation to do so, his exploration of the topic takes in many pop culture references that appealed to me.
As a college professor myself, you can't get too sniffy about connecting what students (and newcomers like many of us coming to linguistics via such general accounts as McW's) know to what the more educated people think about a particular field. Only 35 or so, McW has an amazing range of examples from his own experiences, cultural and media allusions, and academic invesigations to bring into his ambitious overview.
By the very nature of a popularizing book, any academic or layperson daring to translate jargon and charts into actually disseminated knowledge to a wider audience risks the inevitable run-in with meticulous specialists. Both scholarly camps deserve their place. McW can skip from Chomsky to the quip nimbly. While he must have simplified many debates to make a quick assertion, a look at McW's bibliographic notes show how immersed he is in his studies. But he never loses his common touch with those of us know-nothings. Throughout, his footnotes and asides on such matters as Simpsons and South Park characters, dubbing Married With Children into German, how getting drunk (Germans again) effects dialectal emergence, and why Lloyd Webber musicals pale before BBC comedies all make his more erudite points more digestible and memorable. He must be a great classroom teacher at Berkeley.
Again, his writing style does strike me as rather too casual and some of the book feels rushed out, but his personality and enthusiasm overcome these shortcomings. Yes, a more reserved academic has probably produced a more rigorous work on this on some library's back shelf, but for those of us without a course in linguistics or the luck to be at Berkeley, this book offers a bracing first dive into the swirling eddies of language change.
It leaves me with a question: McW notes that the puzzling assignment of gender in Germanic languages may stem from some now lost idea in folk wisdom or proto-Germanic/Indo-European myth. I wish we knew more about this! Many such fascinating tidbits nestle in these pages, and you'll enjoy finding your own.
Most of the languages you can speak are descended from one language spoken by a Eurasian tribe some 10,000ish years ago. This book walks you through all the ways in which the words of that language have twisted, turned, separated, and merged to become some of the six thousand languages we have today.
For McWhorter, languages are dialects and vice versa. He sees a language as an always bubbling, changing, shifting sort of art. For example, the divisions in English today are as slight as different words: 'truck' and 'lorry', or the way Frasier's Daphne would pronounce Mr. Humphries ' 'Mister 'Oomphries,' or the regional variations 'soda' and 'pop.' Nonetheless, these slight tendrils are the roots, ultimately, for the language splitting into dialects as widely varying as the 'dialects' of Latin called French and Spanish (actually the exported street slang from the Roman capital at the time of each province's conquest).
He has a sharp eye for the social as well as the scientific: 'At a party, even if you don't know what a group of people are talking about, you can almost always ease your way into any conversation by simply interjecting at a suitable pause 'But where do you draw the line?'' A similar knowingness informs this entire book.
With an encyclopedic comprehension and ready ability, he explores languages as we find them in their natural habitat. In the deceased Soviet Union, where the distinction between former provinces is politically important, Russian, Ukranian, and Belorussian are designated separate languages; in China, where 'one Chinese nation' has been the political mantra for 2,200 years, eight fundamentally different languages are deemed to be mere 'dialects' of the mother tongue.
McWhorter's a funny, self-aware guy. Sometimes this gets a little cloying: on switching from one language to another he notes: 'Javanese (note the v; now we're in Java)'. He's doing it to be accessible but sometimes it comes across as over-the-top or, occasionally, patronizing.
McWhorter provided my first encounter with such interesting phenomena as evidential markers, where the suffix changes based on how you know it happened ' you heard it yourself, you saw it, someone else told you, etc.; and the wonderful adverbial prefixes of the Central Pomo language of California in which doing something orally or by slicing or with heat or by biting or by shaking each are indicated with their own adverbial prefix. Deeply enjoyable stuff for a language maven!
McWhorter marches on and on, in widely researched and fascinating detail, through pace of language change and printing's effect on it, pidgin, borrowings, language acquisition, standard dialects and good English, creoles, and so on.
And for those of you with any interest in the concept of a 'Proto-World' language (the thesis that all of the world's languages are descended from a single ancestor), and perhaps even a bit romantically inclined toward believing in it (as I am), McWhorter concisely, conclusively, and devastatingly separates the theory from the evidence in his 17-page Epilogue.
In sum, there is much you don't know about the natural evolution of languages, even if you haunt the linguistics section here on Amazon, and John McWhorter is your pleasant, intelligent, voluble, and entertaining guide. Slightly better editing to remove self-indulgent tics of mannerisms would really be the only critique I could offer.
This book is excellent for the linguistically curious, the word aware, or the language lover. Enjoy!
(p.s. I've just read the other reviews and couldn't disagree more about "nothing new here" -- I've been reading in linguistics for over a decade and I found something "wow!" every other page.)
Most of the languages you can speak are descended from one language spoken by a Eurasian tribe some 10,000ish years ago. This book walks you through all the ways in which the words of that language have twisted, turned, separated, and merged to become some of the six thousand languages we have today.
For McWhorter, languages are dialects and vice versa. He sees a language as an always bubbling, changing, shifting sort of art. For example, the divisions in English today are as slight as different words: "truck" and "lorry", or the way Frasier's Daphne would pronounce Mr. Humphries - "Mister 'Oomphries," or the regional variations "soda" and "pop." Nonetheless, these slight tendrils are the roots, ultimately, for the language splitting into dialects as widely varying as the "dialects" of Latin called French and Spanish (actually the exported street slang from the Roman capital at the time of each province's conquest).
He has a sharp eye for the social as well as the scientific: "At a party, even if you don't know what a group of people are talking about, you can almost always ease your way into any conversation by simply interjecting at a suitable pause 'But where do you draw the line?'" A similar knowingness informs this entire book.
With an encyclopedic comprehension and ready ability, he explores languages as we find them in their natural habitat. In the deceased Soviet Union, where the distinction between former provinces is politically important, Russian, Ukranian, and Belorussian are designated separate languages; in China, where "one Chinese nation" has been the political mantra for 2,200 years, eight fundamentally different languages are deemed to be mere "dialects" of the mother tongue.
McWhorter's a funny, self-aware guy. Sometimes this gets a little cloying: on switching from one language to another he notes: "Javanese (note the v; now we're in Java)". He's doing it to be accessible but sometimes it comes across as over-the-top or, occasionally, patronizing.
McWhorter provided my first encounter with such interesting phenomena as evidential markers, where the suffix changes based on how you know it happened - you heard it yourself, you saw it, someone else told you, etc.; and the wonderful adverbial prefixes of the Central Pomo language of California in which doing something orally or by slicing or with heat or by biting or by shaking each are indicated with their own adverbial prefix. Deeply enjoyable stuff for a language maven!
McWhorter marches on and on, in widely researched and fascinating detail, through pace of language change and printing's effect on it, pidgin, borrowings, language acquisition, standard dialects and good English, creoles, and so on.
And for those of you with any interest in the concept of a "Proto-World" language (the thesis that all of the world's languages are descended from a single ancestor), and perhaps even a bit romantically inclined toward believing in it (as I am), McWhorter concisely, conclusively, and devastatingly separates the theory from the evidence in his 17-page Epilogue.
In sum, there is much you don't know about the natural evolution of languages, even if you haunt the linguistics section here on Amazon, and John McWhorter is your pleasant, intelligent, voluble, and entertaining guide. Slightly better editing to remove self-indulgent tics of mannerisms would really be the only critique I could offer.
This book is excellent for the linguistically curious, the word aware, or the language lover. Enjoy!
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That said, Mearsheimer's book is well-written and essential reading if one wishes to have a balanced view of international relations. The "Tragedy" of great power politics occurs when the power-maximization that nations pursue (which is almost mandated under international anarchy) leads to awesomely destructive hegemonic wars. Mearsheimer shatters the rhetoric surrounding great wars, reducing them to the basic elements of power. His theory is backed up by historical example, making for compelling reading. In addition, Mearsheimer applies history and offensive realism in predicting, as most hegemony theorist do, that China will continue its rise and potentially challenge U.S. power in the near future.
Many will not agree with Mearsheimer's theory (this is the man, after all, who called for the nuclearization of Germany after the Cold War and pronounced NATO dead over a decade ago) but he is the leading Realist mind and strongest Realist voice in the IR community today. Love it or hate it, offensive realism does not get any more lucid than this.
His theory is based on some very simple assumptions that really cannot be contested, such as anarchy, meaning the absence of an international police force that possesses the coercive wherewithal necessary to enforce rules of conduct among states, the desire to survive, and the uncertainty of intentions. From his basic assumptions, Professor Mearsheimer proceeds to discuss their implications for state behavior. His frighteningly rigorous logic leads to the conclusion that states must maximize their power vis-à-vis other states in order to survive. Therefore, the quest for security, which is, in reality, a quest for power, is a zero-sum game where the gains of one are always at the expense of another. States must aggressively seek power and expand whenever possible in order to assure their own survival. States that do not seek to maximize their power fall victim to those that do. Therein lies the "tragedy of great power politics." States must harm each other, not out of malice, but only because of the fear caused by the lack of physical security. This is a system that no one designed or intended. Unfortunately, it is not a system that we can leave or that is likely to be changed. The need for security overcomes any and all other considerations, such as ethics. How states seek to increase their security is also outlined. As much a historian as a political theorist, Professor Mearsheimer trolled through some two hundred years of history to provide ample evidence to support his theories as well as examples of their behaviors. The amount of historical evidence that he has marshaled for his work is staggering. It is this reliance on history that provides his theory with a credibility that one does not find in other works of international relations theory, especially those of the liberal schools. His work is more than a simple academic thought exercise in a vacuum, but rather one solidly grounded in reality.
Unfortunately, I do not believe his work will receive the credence that it deserves, despite the sound assumptions, powerful logic, and vast array of supporting historical evidence. I believe this because of the nature of his work and the method of his delivery. With an efficiency and rationality that borders on the ruthless, Professor Mearsheimer tears apart the halcyon pipedream held by many in the west, and lays bare the world, not as we would like it to be, but as it really is; a world where aggression is rewarded, where power matters, and where, in the words of Thomas Hobbes, force and fraud are the cardinal virtues. These are realities that are hard to accept. Professor Mearsheimer also makes no attempt to sugarcoat or palliate the harsh realities of the modern state system, using terms like "bleed them white" and "bait and bleed" to describe policies and strategies. People are accustomed to a peaceful world, where liberalism dominates and prosperity abounds, and are likely to blanch at the descriptions and especially the policy prescriptions found in this book, where aggressive warfare is a legitimate tool of statecraft and democracy has no special place or value. I imagine it will be difficult for most people to get past the harshness of the world as Professor Mearsheimer describes it, and may believe him to be a violent warmonger himself. This is, of course, completely wrong. His policy prescriptions are designed to improve the prospects of peace in light of the nature of the international system. While Professor Mearsheimer also provides clear explanations for the decades of peace that have been enjoyed in much of the world, most people will wish to reject them because they are based on the distribution of power. In addition to these fears, I have some particular disagreements with Professor Mearsheimer, but they are minute points and not ones that greatly oppose or disturb his overall theoretical framework. For example, I disagree with his use of GNP as the sole indicator of potential power. I would consider it to be an aspect of a composite index with, say energy consumption (which he uses earlier on) and total manufactured goods. I cannot stress enough my belief that this book is the most insightful and useful tool for understanding international politics available today, nor can I recommend this book strongly enough to anyone with an interest in world affairs or foreign policy.
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However, some interesting insights do get raised about how corporations large and small abuse their employees and the courts. Shows some of the clear flaws in the so-called American justice system and how those with enough cash can influence those with high self-interest and low morals.
As for some of the supposed commentary below the comments by the goof who entitles his diatribe the Establishment just show how narrow minded and ignorant some folks are, when commenting about others they disagree with but don't have a solid rationale to critique. Buddy has spent too much time watching what passes for entertainment on television these days or reading The National Enquirer, both which are as credible as his uninformed, snide comments.
I am no Scientologist and I'm no fool, however comments from buddy indicate that he falls into the latter camp, which is a charitable description of someone who thinks they are a wit but is only half right.