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Kemp Tolley, who passed away in 2000 at age 92, was himself a young Naval Officer in the 1930s when he was assigned to the Yangtze River Patrol. From that vantage point his tales of U.S. Navy life on the Yangtze--both on duty and off duty--in the 1930s make for some interesting anecdotes, whether they deal with U.S. sailors battling the river and Chinese bandits, romancing White Russian and Chinese women, or brawling with British and Italian gunboat crews in the bars of Yangtze River towns.
"Yangtze Patrol" is a great true adventure story and captures some of the same spirit as the novel, "The Sand Pebbles," which dealt with one U.S. gunboat crew during the Chinese Nationalist Revolution in the mid-1920s. However, any American reader of "Yangtze Patrol" needs to keep in mind how most Chinese viewed the Patrol. That view is well summed up in "The Sand Pebbles" where an American missionary asks Jake Holman, a gunboat sailor, how he'd feel if, instead of American gunboats on the Yangtze, there were Chinese gunboats sailing up and down the Mississippi River.
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Tactics evolved and each island invasion incorporated lessons learned from the ones that proceeded. The familiar pattern developed quickly. After increased naval and air craft bombardment, the rocket firing gunboats, LCI(G)s, would cross the line of departure. Following closely behind were the armored versions of the LVTs, firing as they lead the troop carrying LVTs ashore. Once the assault troops were ashore, the LVTs reverted to their cargo carrying role, bring ammunition, water and supplies to land and carrying the wounded to hospital ships. Several continued carrying men inland hundreds of yard engaging the enemy with the their four MGs as the situation demanded. The armored LVTs would then protect the flanks, firing their 37mm and 75mm canons. Having been found too light to serve as tanks, they would be ashore deployed as self-propelled guns, assisting the artillery batteries or on the reefs serving guard duty.
The book traces the evolution of the vehicle and the tactics utilized in a logical fashion by following the chronology of the War in the Pacific. Two concluding chapters deal briefly with the LVT in Korea and Viet Nam and the state of amphibious operations as they existed in 1989, when the book was printed. In this final chapter, the ancestry of the modern amphibious vehicle is clearly traceable to the Roebling "Alligator", the modest LVT.
Of the 34 major landings during WW II where the LVTs were used, all but 4 took place in the Pacific. Of these few others, three involved river crossings and North Africa. Given their extreme versatility, the added ½" steel protection, the armored versions providing close support at the moment men are most vulnerable, and the ability of the vehicle to carry troops across the 400 yards of open beach and barbed wire, one has to question why they were not used at Normandy. Croizat does not address this beyond saying that in the ETO "...the amtrac was not needed to land assault troops from the sea."
One suspects that the men of Co. A, 116th, might feel otherwise.
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The first chapter provides a historical review of progress in celestial mechanics with a list of notable (dead) practitioners of celestial mechanics. A subjective list of living practitioners might have been helpful in this chapter. Chapters two through six establish the basis of orbital motion, starting with circular motion in chapter two. The mathematical basis for orbital motion is established in chapter three using the law of gravitation and Newton's laws of motion. Successive chapters generalize and expand on the results of chapters two and three. Chapter five introduces rockets and powered flight trajectories. Chapter six introduces parabolic and hyperbolic orbits.
Chapter seven discusses two topics of great practical importance, Kepler's law and Lambert's theorem. While both of these topics are several hundred years old they continue to be rich areas for current development in celestial mechanics. These two crucial topics are well covered. Chapter eight applies the previous material to the subject of orbital transfer; this chapter is the basis for flight between planets. Chapter nine digresses into spacecraft attitude dynamics, a complete discipline in its own right. It introduces the mathematics of the physical motion of a spacecraft about a local reference system. At 25 pages, it is a tight and tidy introduction to the subject. Chapter ten is titled "Planetary Exploration" although it also covers the creation of the solar system and trajectory modification by gravity assistance. More heavily illustrated than the other chapters, chapter ten's main topic is exploration of the solar system by spacecraft. Chapter eleven introduces perturbation theory; what happens to an orbit when more than two bodies make up the gravitational system. Chapter twelve applies perturbation theory to artificial satellites of Earth. (Chapters nine and twelve ought to make you appreciate how hard it is to get those great Hubble Space Telescope images.) Chapter thirteen must have been both the easiest and hardest chapter to write since Szebehely was one of the masters of this subject. It introduces the three-body problem and solar system stability with a nod to chaos theory.
All in all, this book is an excellent introduction to the topic of celestial mechanics. To the depth that the subject is explored, there are no loose ends. (The reviewer does regret that the Introduction from the first edition of this book was omitted from the second edition.)
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