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It was originally a series of lectures delivered during the thirties, updated and revised for print in the fifties by the author himself. It talks about the role of the artist, the problem (described by Tillich) in modern culture of man being reduced to "a mere thing", the problem where the world has been arranged so that "everything is a means to ends which are themselves means", without any ultimate goal, and how the true artist offers mankind a vision to grow beyond this.
He also explores the relation between the various author's visions/philosophy and the Christian vision/philosophy towards life, at first mostly how it relates to virtue (courage, discipline), to the reality of evil as something that cannot be explained away, but must be confronted (this was hauntingly well done), to the experience of the eternal within the temporal (mostly Eliot), conversion (all the authors), the corrosiveness and destruction of rationalism of any sort (everyone but Hemingway), and redemption (mostly Warren). It wasn't overdone or proselytizing, it was a fair appraisal of the author's themselves (Hemingway is _not_ made into a Christian, etc.). I actually found it very corrective and illuminating for my own understanding of these things, it made them much more concrete, manifest, less obscure and theoretical.
The conclusion again briefly revisits the role of the artist within a society as one who offers you a vision of reality and explores it, helps you encounter it; whereas most of what passes for art today is really kitsch, a narcotic playing on assumed sympathies, entertainment rolled off a factory line that deadens the mind and dulls the wits. He notes how these authors bring the reader to a new encounter with reality, and the author himself did this for me in the process, while whetting my appetite for more of these authors.
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The Battle of the Philippine Sea is where the Japanese navy ultimately, for all intents and purposes, ceased to be an effective fighting force. However, at the beginning, it was the Japanese who sighted the Americans first. They launched four successive attacks against Admiral Spruance's carriers while Spruance was still searching for the Japanese ships. Thanks to murderous anti-aircraft fire and superior combat air patrol, the Japanese would end up losing over four hundred aircraft in what has become known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot". Three Japanese aircraft carriers were also sunk by American submarines and planes. However, this victory was greatly scrutinized. Spruance was criticized for not finding the enemy ships sooner, and for conducting poor air searches. Many believed that the victory could have been even greater than it was had the Japanese been spotted sooner, or had the Americans done a better job of pursuing the fleeing Japanese.
This is a very good book, and the battle is explained expertly with the help of numerous maps and photographs. I highly recommend this book, as well as others in this series. They give the reader a first-hand account of the war at sea.
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While pursuing this question Nameless deals with an accidental death or suicide of a former client. His search for answers to that killing leads him into the realms of abuse and the question of whether justice is really ever served by revealing an interpretive truth. Are the victims sometimes the guilty ones even though they have been miserably abused? Is justice a cut and dried formula that we mete out indiscriminately without regard to the circumstances? Come and join Nameless on this painful quest as he attempts to get answers. This is Pronzini at his best in story telling.
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Engaging, thought-provoking and often surprisingly moving, we follow the expatriate careers of Henry Adams and Henry James in the mid to late 19th and early 20th century, followed by the modernist careers of Pound and Eliot in the early to middle 20th century. Zwerdling makes an extremely good case for cultural power's linkage to economic power by showing how Adam's and James cultivated reputations in both the U.S. and England, laying the groundwork for a idea of a shared Anglo-Saxon Literature just at the time when America was becoming recognized as having usurped England's role as the world's most vital economic and cultural power. Pound and Eliot build on the foundations laid by Adams and James, fully confident that as Americans they will no longer be treated as second-class literary citizens. They employ different strategies in their own "siege of London" but Eliot to a large degree succeeds in becoming the final arbiter of all literary disputes and grand critic of modernist literature. As America takes center stage at the end of WWII, American's version of world modernist literature and culture, not surprisingly, come to predominate forming the core of the canon of Modern Literature as taught in the University.
The literary insurgency takes it's toll on all four of our literary heroes, however. Adams comes to despise much of English culture and mores. James does his best writing after a long-delayed trip back to America after nearly a lifetime abroad, writings that imaginatively explore what kind of man he might have become had he stayed in his native land. Pound wears out London literary society in a few short years and abandons the field. Eliot adopts the manners of a high-toned Englishman to such an extent that he sets back the appreciation of other American writers thirty years (according to William Carlos Williams). Nevertheless, he too, writes some of his best later work after a visit to America.
In becoming expatriates they wander far afield of their original inspiration. In becoming accepted, they lose some of the insurgent edge. Of all of these James remains the most alive to the stirrings of new possibilities and the shifting relations of power between Americans and English elites.
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These questions have a variety of philosophical solutions, from Eastern and Western Cultures, and Mr Deutsch provides a wise and ample variety of responses through the choosen works displayed. The language is clear and user friendly all throughout the book; the introductions to each of the five subdivisions of the book are concise and very helpful. This book should be in every good library, as well as in collegues and universities.
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"Children today are starved for the image of real heroes. Celebrities are not the same thing as heroes. Heroes existed way before celebrities ever did, even though celebrities now outshine heroes in children's consciousness." "Worshiping celebrities leaves children with a distinctly empty feeling -- it doesn't teach that they'll have to make sacrifices if they want to achieve anything worthwhile. No- talents become celebrities all the time. The result is that people don't seem to care about achievement or talent -- fame is the only objective."
"... Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of traits that instruct and inspire people. A hero does something worth talking about, but a hero goes beyond mere fame or celebrity. The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. If they serve only their own fame, they may be celebrities but not heroes. Heroes are catalysts for change. They create new possibilities. They have a vision, and the skill and charm to implement their vision."
"Heroes may also be fictional. Children may identify with a character because of the values projected. People tend to grow to be like the people that they admire, but if a child never has any heroes what images will he copy? Adults need heroes too, but the need is even more urgent for children because they don't know how to think abstractly. But they can imagine what their hero would do in the circumstances, and it gives them a useful reference point to build abstract thinking skills."