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Ernst denBroeder
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Starting with simplest and cheapest mods and then expanding to more exotic upgrades.
David Vizard also ellaborates on downsides of various upgrades in the from of decreased reliability and or economy.
One downfall to the book is lack of coverage of fuel injection.
Reference in book is to Vol 2, for further info on such systems, yet attempts to locate vol 2 has been unfruitfull
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The first chapter of the book endeavors to explain the historical origins of quantum theory and its need to explain various experiments that could not be resolved using "classical physics". These include the equipartition theorem, the stability of the atom, and the photoelectric effect. The move by Max Planck in 1901 to introduce "energy quanta" solved the equipartition problem and introduced the quantum theory, the success of which is now well-established and has had enormous consequences for physics and technology. Interestingly, the author engages in a little philosophical speculation in this chapter, holding to the idea that quantum theory is based on constructs removed from experience, such as state functions and observables. The origin of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is then discussed as a consequence of the nature of quantum observables as being discrete in nature. The wave nature of matter, the de Broglie hypothesis, is discussed in the context of the Davisson-Germer experiment.
Chapter 2 attempts to explain the nature of state functions and their interpretation, this being done in the context of the famous statistical (Born) interpretation. The principle of superposition of state functions is discussed, and care is taken to differentiate the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics (the relation between interference and superposition) from that of classical statistic mechanics. The double slit experiment is discussed as a thought experiment, and no mention is made that this experiment has never been done in the way described (using electrons). The author also uses wave packets as a way of making the correspondence between quantum and classical descriptions of a state. Current research on quantum decoherence and quantum chaos was not available at the time of publication, and so the author is (justifiably) comfortable with using wave packets to make this correspondence.
In chapter 3 the author studies linear momentum in quantum mechanics and uses the state function to describe a particle with a definite linear momentum. Interestingly, and importantly, he uses symmetry considerations to deduce the form of this state function. After superposing many such state functions, Fourier transforms are then brought in to find the form of this superposition in position space. The origin of the momentum and position operators then follows nicely.
The motion of a free particle is considered in chapter 4. The form of the frequency dispersion relation in momentum space is derived using the correspondence principle, giving the familiar Planck relation. This derivation is dependent very strongly on the particle being free (and the author understands this), for if one attempts to do this in more complicated situations, such as in classically nonintegrable systems, it becomes very complex, involving highly esoteric mathematical constructions. The Schrodinger equation for the free particle is then derived later in the chapter.
The Schrodinger equation for a particle under the influence of a conservative force is the subject of chapter 5. The Schrodinger equation is represented first as an operator H that acts on a state function and gives its time derivative (multiplied by Planck's constant times i). The author proves right away that because of probability conservation, H must be Hermitian. He then uses the correspondence principle to identify H as the total energy. Using again the Fourier transform, the author derives the Schrodinger equation in both configuration and momentum space. The reader can see the equations becomes an integral equation in momentum space, and the equation is much more complicated than the free particle case, due to the influence of the external force. The technique of separation of variables is then used to find the stationary states and the energy spectrum. More general mathematical considerations occupy the rest of the chapter, wherein the author finds the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a Hermitian operator, studies what it means for a set of operators to be complete, proves the uncertainty principle for a general observable, and discusses the basic postulates of quantum mechanics.
Chapter 6 is an overview of the quantum-mechanical states of a particle moving in a potential. Symmetry principles make their appearance here, via the classification of states according to their parity. The author then studies the bound states of a particle in a square-well potential. He then gives a detailed treatment of the harmonic oscillator in one dimension using the method of power series and the method of factorization. The latter method introduces the all-important creation and annihilation operators. And even more importantly, the author studies the motion of a wave packet in the harmonic oscillator, introducing the propagator or Green's function, and then showing the existence of minimum uncertainly wave packets, the famous "coherent states". Then after a discussion of the purely quantum-mechanical phenomena of tunneling through a barrier, the author ends the chapter with a discussion of the numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation.
I really liked it.
Physicists interested in the mathematical aspects of quantum field/string theory would do well to read these volumes as well.
Deserving, in my opinion, more than 5 stars -- many more!!
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Critical states soil mechanics is a popular framework for the recent developement of many soil constitutive models. This book is a step by step exploration of this framework, especially Modified Cam Clay model, both conceptually and numerically. The stress-strain-strength behaviors of cohesive and cohesionless soils under drained or undrained condition can be quantitively determined using this simple model. More sophisticated models in the current research front, for example, MIT S2 model, bounding surface models, are all shadowed within critical state concepts.
Overall, it is a book about a very useful elasto-plastic soil mechanics model. It uses some fundamentals of elasticity and plasticity. You may meet a little bit mathematics there, but that is almost trivial compared with that used in solid mechanics and theory of plasticity.
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I have only two complaints about this text: There are far too few sample problems (and no problems with only answers provided) and the mass transfer is not taught in a useful way. The prior is a failure of many text books, but the latter is a major drawback. Incropera and Dewitt basically say "Mass transfer is the same as heat transfer, except use these units and equations." All of the mass transfer is tucked into a few chapters, as if it was an afterthought.
I recommend this book to anyone interested in the fundamentals of heat transfer, but look elsewhere for a useful introduction to mass transfer.
* The index is only five pages long! It's missing absolutely essential entries like: coordinates, e-delta identity, invariants, gradient, velocity, velocity gradient, Stoke's theorem, and thermodynamics. The index is also missing several other terms (such as pseudo stress vector) that students would need to look up because they appear in the exercises.
* The reference list is anemic -- a rich and well-developed field like continuum mechanics deserves more than just 19 supplemental resources. Omission of Mase and Mase is unfortunate because those authors have greatly contributed to continuum mechanics texts for beginners.
Naturally, any introductory book on a complicated topic will, at times, provide the reader with some key equations without providing a proof. However, whenever a proof is omitted, the reader should AT LEAST be told where the proof can be found. For example, this textbook cites the conditions of compatibility for finite deformation without stating any reference book or journal article where the advanced reader (who, by this point, has learned to doubt the typesetting skills of these authors) can go to double check the equations.
* Discussion of the physical meanings of various strain measures is inexcusably fouled up. In the paragraph above eq 3.24.4, the cross-reference to eq. 3.25.2 should instead point to 3.24.2. Two equations below eq 3.26.8, the denominator is missing a factor of 2 and wrongly uses S instead of s). One equation above eq 3.26.9a, there should NOT be a 1 in the first term on the right hand side. Incidentally, the fact that these authors give equation numbers only for the equations that THEY themselves cross-reference is frustrating. OTHER PEOPLE might want to point to equations in this book -- having to say "the equation two lines below the authors' numbered equation" is awkward.
* In the section on transformation laws, eq. iii should NOT have a prime on b.
* The solution to exercise 7.8 (b) is missing a factor of 3 (probably other solutions are wrong too).
* The authors understanding of rotation and their proof of the polar decomposition theorem are seriously flawed. Their formula for the rotation expressed in terms of an angle and axis (in exercise 2B29) is wrong - it doesn't even give R=I when the rotation angle is zero. They claim in numerous locations (e.g., end of section 2B10) that improper orthogonal tensors are reflections (this is a common error - any proper rotation followed by a reflection will be an improper orthogonal tensor that is NOT a reflection). The authors clearly do not understand that symmetry and positive definiteness are requirements that must be IMPOSED in the polar decomposition - neither property is a consequence. They don't explain that a symmetric positive definite tensor has an INFINITE number of square roots, of which eight are symmetric, and only one is also positive definite. They prove that R is orthogonal, but fail to prove the theorem's assertion that it is PROPER orthogonal. Earlier in the text, the authors state that they will use the notation U for any deformation gradient that is symmetric; subsequent text clearly shows that they are presuming that a symmetric deformation gradient a stretch, which is false. To be a stretch, U must be additionally positive definite (a deformation gradient diagonal with components 1, -1, -1 is symmetric, but certainly not a stretch, and this example has negative eigenvalues, invalidating the authors claim immediately following their eq 3.20.2c)
* At the beginning of section 2B18, the authors state that a real symmetric tensor has "at least" three real eigenvalues. At least?? Are there more? They should have said "exactly three" (for a 3D space, of course).
* In the section on the rate of deformation tensor, the authors fail to prove that this tensor is not really a true rate. Here is a fact that lots of people know, but don't really understand and certainly don't know how to prove. Modern books in continuum mechanics need to discuss it.
* The authors present conservation of mass in the kinematics section, which is not correct. Kinematics is the mathematics of motion. Conservation of mass is a physical principle of Newtonian physics.
* Above eq 5.3.2: Cross reference to Problem 5.1 should be to Problem 5.2
* Eq. 3.28.6: Authors fail to give the proper name of this important relationship (Nanson's relation).
* Exercise 2B40: uses the word "principle" where "principal" is needed.
* After Eq. 3.30.7: Subject verb agreement ("The components... is called)"
* In example 3.1.2: Straightforward is ONE word, not two.
* Exercise 4.12: period and comma in a row ("For any stress state T., we define...")
* Eq 4.10.8a: Misplaced tilde in typesetting, and indistinguishable tilde in subsequent text. Same problem preceding eq 3.4.3.
* Eq 4.10.6b: "jm" needs to be a SUBSCRIPT.
* Exercise 3.31: typesetting is so juvenile that the authors used a superscripted lower case "o" to denote degrees instead of using the professional choice: the degree symbol. Professional typesetting conventions (e.g., italics for variables) are inconsistently enforced throughout this book.
* Exercises 2D4 and 2D5: missing plurals on "coordinates"
* Example 2B3.1: "Given that" should be replaced by "Given"
Granted, the comments in the above list transition from egregious errors to minor oversights, but the scientific community should DEMAND technical and editing perfection from a book on a classic subject that is in its third edition. Either that, or the purchase price should be set at a value that is consistent with this book's sloppy execution.
Note: this review covers ISBN 0750628944 paperback version.