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Each of the five chapters contains from six to eight essays in answer to the chapter questions. For example, on whether there is a population problem, Editor Charles F. Hohm presents an essay from German demographer Johann Peter Sussmilch, which he entitles, "The State Should Encourage Population Growth," excerpted from a larger eighteenth century work, and an "answer" to that from the English clergyman, Joseph Townsend, also from the eighteenth century. Then there is something from Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population arguing that overpopulation is a serious problem, and then an answer from Frederick Engels, arguing that overpopulation is a myth.
The other chapters also contain some historical views, but more often the essays are from moderns. For example there is economist Julian L. Simon's view that we don't have enough people on the planet as well as Rockefeller University professor Joel E. Cohen's counter that "There Are Too Many People on the Planet." Whether there is a shortage of food (or whether an apparent shortage of food is caused by distribution and/or political problems) is debated.
I have the 1995 edition of this book in front of me, and it is a fine introduction to the subject; but there is an edition copyright 2000 that features newer arguments including an essay from Pope John Paul II. This is the sort of book that works well when it is kept current. It is an excellent text for young people and those new to the argument.
The highlight of this book for me was the essay "Scientific Progress Will Solve the Population Problem" by John H. Fremlin (abridged from his "How Many People Can the World Support?" which appeared in the New Scientist in 1964). In this extraordinary piece Fremlin argues not that the earth might support ten or twenty billion more people, but as science learns to efficiently utilize all sources of available energy including solar and nuclear, Fremlin sees the planet as supporting 15 trillion people within the next 450 years. That's trillion with a "t" folks. At this point the entire earth would enjoy "midday equatorial conditions round the clock" thanks to orbiting solar mirrors with a total area of 100 million square kilometers and the "complete fission of uranium and thorium in about 3 cm depth...or by fusion of deuterium in about 3 mm depth of seawater."
But Fremlin is only getting warmed up (so to speak). He goes on to argue that if the average heat income of the Earth's surface could be doubled from its present 250 watts per square meter ("without raising the temperature above the normal equatorial value"), the population density could reach "2 per square metre" or one quadrillion people. Whether that's 10 to the 15th as in the American value of quadrillion or 10 to the 24th as in the British system (you do the math) doesn't matter. My head is spinning in either case.
But Fremlin is still not through. The problem now is how to get rid of all the heat generated by the energy needs of all these people (not to mention the heat their very bodies are radiating). No problem. The ocean would be roofed off (actually the entire planet) to stop evaporation and heat pumps would transfer excess heat into space.
Quality of life? Fremlin notes that "even at much lower population densities, very little horizontal circulation of persons, heat or supplies could be tolerated." He adds, "clothes would be unnecessary." As a sort of postscript he notes that "low-speed...travel over a few hundred metres would be permissible" allowing people to choose friends from some ten million others living close by.
Is this a serious extrapolation, a nightmare or a horror story?--or (my surmise) an unconscious (perhaps self-) parody of those who think there are no limits to population growth, especially of those who think another human soul on earth is more important than any quality of life argument or the maintenance of any other form of life.
Indeed, this is the real question that this book debates: at what point do we finally say that the "carrying capacity" of the planet has been reached, not only in terms of resources, but in terms of a life that is worth living?
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"Carol" tells the story of cold-hearted miser Ebenezer Scrooge, who despises the Christmas holiday and scorns all who celebrate it. But a visit from a series of supernatural beings forces him to reevaluate his attitude--and his life.
With this simple plot Dickens has created one of the enduring triumphs of world literature. It's a robust mix of humor, horror, and (most of all) hope, all leavened with a healthy dash of progressive social criticism. One thing I love about this book is that while it has a focus on a Christian holiday, Dickens puts forth a message that is truly universal; I can imagine this story resonating with people of any religious background, and also with more secular-oriented people.
This is a tale of greed, selfishness, regret, redemption, family, and community, and is enlivened by some of the most memorable characters ever created for English literature. Even if Dickens had never written another word, "A Christmas Carol" would still have, I believe, secured his place as one of the great figures of world literature.
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The second tale "Calliope" is much better, but is still missing that Gaiman magic. It does however, introduce us to one of Sandman's great loves and mother of his only child. It's a good story, but it's unoriginal.
The third tale is the real treat. "A Midsummer Night's Dream" takes off from a chapter in "Doll's House" where Dream tells William Shakespeare to write 2 plays for him. Shakespeare and his troop of actors perform Midsummer Night's Dream on a grassy hill in the English Countryside for the actual fairies that are represented in the play. It's a wonderful story and the art is just breathtaking.
The last one, "Facade", doesn't include Dream. Instead it focuses on an obscure super-heroine of the 60's and how she longs for a normal life which is granted by Death. It's a moving story, the kind of super-hero tale that only Neil could write. Super powers may be great, but being a normal person would be much more appealing sometimes.
All in all, Dream Country is not the best collection of Sandman stories, but "Midsummer Night's Dream" is the single best Sandman issue and actually won a slew of awards. It's worth checking out for that tale alone.
There's Calliope, a one-hit novelist's muse really is one of the muses. He rapes and abuses his muse -- bad news when her ex comes to the rescue. Creepy, creepy story. Best of all, the collection includes the script to this story.
A Dream of A Thousand Cats... A charming tale that shows what cats dream of, and why those dreams will never be reality.
A Midsummer Night's Dream .. The real Oberon, Titania and Puck (and other fairies) attend the first performance of Shakespeare's classic play. Simply magical with superb art by Charles Vess.
Facades ... The life of a has-been superheroine. It takes a silly and forgotten character and makes her painfully human.
All of these stories are must-reads -- each told with different styles. What a wonderful way to sample what comics can be.