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As for the work itself it's a recasting of Berkeley's earlier work the Principles into dialogue form. Quite what the point of this was since the Principles were already easy to read is unclear, (although a case could be made that the Dialogues require less prior knowledge of Locke than the Principles did and are therefore a better introductory work) but it's difficult to be sorry that he did as he writes the dialogue form so well, easily the best since Plato, and in my opinion probably marginally better than Plato. He handles the character who he's trying to refute much better than Plato ever did. Unfortunately his ideas aren't on a level with Plato's. As with the Principles his writing sweeps you up and it almost convinces you that perhaps matter doesn't exist and the mind is all there is, but once again take a step back and the flaws become all too apparent.
Berkeley's too important to ignore though, and besides his books are a pleasure to read. You can't do better than this edition.
Given that all the reviewers are so utterly convinced that matter and the everyday world are really real, what else could be expected ? Berkeley's philosphy is so great and so stunning precisely because it directly attacks this great bedrock assumption of the ordinary human mind. And contrary to popular belief, his attack does not fail - it merely falls on deaf ears or blind eyes.
As per Berkeley, only God's mind and the ideas within it have real existence. Fortunately for us, included within the ideas in God's mind are the idea of an external world and the idea of human minds. Our human minds involuntarily produce the idea of the external world (God has so programmed our minds), but voluntarily produce other lesser ideas (ie personal dreams and fantasies and various private thoughts). Berkeley does not deny that we experience a 'real' world, he just denies that it has any reality apart from being mentally perceived. His theory cannot be proved by pure reason (since faith in the existence of God is an absolute must for a person to accept the Bishop's views)and in this sense his theory is speculative, but equally it cannot be disproved, since in one way or another we can never separate the external world from our perception of it.
On the other side, critics of Berkeley, absolutely have to deal with Hume's destruction of the external world through the use of pure reason. Following Hume, Locke's positing of 'matter' i.e. an independently existing external world, is shown to be just as speculative as Berkeley's positing of Mind. So where does that leave the critics ?
And supporters of Berkeley, can take heart from the fact that Kant who famously reconciled Hume and Berkeley, in fact does no more (and certainly no less) than fill in the gaps and supply the missing terms to the Bishop's argument. Is it really such a very great leap to go from Kant's noumenal realm and synthetic a priori, to the existence and workings of a benevolent God ? Some would say that rightly understood, the two are identical. If you ask me, Kant, quite cunningly smuggled the Bishop in through the front gate, by the simple ruse of dressing him up in a non-theological guise - much more palatable, you understand, and of course, much less threatening.
Of course, all the above exposition, is strictly for the religious sceptics - for the believers, the good Bishop is more or less, right on the money. Rock on, good sir, rock on. Let's all sing along to the Beatles - O, he gets by with a little help from his Kant, yeah, he gets by with a little help from his Kant.
As for Berkeley himself, he probably needs no introduction from me. Arguably the most judicious commentary on his thought is that of T.H. Green, who in his great _Introduction_ to Locke and Hume remarked as follows:
"His [Berkeley's] purpose was the maintenance of Theism, and a true instinct told him that pure Theism, as distinct from nature-worship and daemonism, has no philosophical foundation, unless it can be shown that there is nothing real apart from thought. But in the hurry of theological advocacy, and under the influence of a misleading terminology, he failed to distinguish this true proposition -- there is nothing real apart from thought -- from this false one, its virtual contradictory -- that there is nothing other than feeling. The confusion was covered, if not caused, by the ambiguity, often noticed, in the use of the term 'idea.' This to Berkeley's generation stood alike for feeling proper . . . and for conception, or an object thought of under relations. . . . Misled by the phrase 'idea of a thing,' we fancy that idea and thing have each a separate reality of their own, and then puzzle ourselves with questions as to how the idea can represent the thing . . . . These questions Berkeley asked and found unanswerable. There were two ways of dealing with them before him. One was to supersede them by a truer view of thought and its object, as together in essential correlation constituting the real; but this way he did not take. The other was to avoid them by merging both thing and idea in the indifference of simple feeling . . . -- an attempt which contradicts itself, since it virtually admits [the] existence [of such oppositions as inner and outer, subjective and objective] while it renders them unaccountable." [_Hume and Locke_, 1968 Apollo edition, pp. 140-142.]
This summary may not be quite adequate to Berkeley's thought overall, as later in life he does appear to have come round to a view not altogether unlike Green's. However, it seems to me to be an eminently fair assessment of the Berkeley represented in the present volume.
At any rate Berkeley was a fascinating thinker and this volume is as good an introduction to him as is available. The _Dialogues_ should eventually be read in conjunction with the _Principles_ (which they were intended to support), but anyone looking for a single volume in which to meet this great and seminal philosopher will be safe in beginning with this one.
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One of the things I especially appreciated was the writer explaining just how George Washington became involved with the colonial goverment, so that he was ever asked to be involved in the political situation of the time. Not many books make this clear.
The book not only covers George Washington, but also hits upon the politics of the time and many other important people involved during this exciting historical period.
I am glad I read the book and I recommend it to others. This is an especially good book for those with little knowledge of George Washington's involvement with the British government and the politics of the French and Indian War.
The book first gives a background on an adolecent Washington and his boyhood adventures as a surveyor in western Virginia. We learn how he grew up admiring the wealth and lifestyle of his aristocratic neighbors, the Fairfaxes, and how he began a long journey to emmulate them and to be a part of their privileged world. However, Washington's own ambitions pull him in other directions as he becomes deeply involved in the brewing storm of events that would culminate with the conflict with the French and Indians over posession of the Ohio Country and the Trans-Allegheny region. We follow Washington as he attempts to make a name for himself with the Governor of the Virginia colony by accepting a mission to deliver a message to the French army marching south from Lake Erie to the Forks of the Ohio River. This single event pushes Washington from the "shadows of an ordinary life" onto the stage of history. We see as Washington botches his attempt to protect the Forks from a French invasion at Fort Necessity and his anger at his own failure to not only obtain a royal commision in the British army, but to even obtain a victory in battle. Lewis details Washington's involvment in the war from Braddock's disasterous campaign against Fort Dusquene in 1755 to his ultimate anti-climactic success at the end of the long and muddy Forbes' Road in 1758, after which Washington retires from public service to return to the simple life of a farmer forever.
I also enjoyed Lewis' attention to the background of the struggle that served as the forge of experience for young G. W. Here we are exposed to the details and origins of the problems with not only the French, but particularly the Indians living in the Ohio Country and the singularly important role they played and the failure of Washington, or any other whitemen, to grasp that importance. This is evident in both Washington's and Braddock's terrible defeats in the early war years. Lewis gives us fascinating accounts of Washington's peers, his allies, enemies. These are men like Ohio Company scout Christopher Gist, The Seneca chief Tannacharison (Half-King), friend and neighbor George Fairfax, and others. In the end Washington would emerge older and experienced from a bloody conflict prepared to take on an even greater leadership role in another later fight in the not too distant future. A great book that I highly recommend.
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However, I found that the secular data, AD2000 on Thailand is a bit out of date, especially concerning the Government, the Legislature and the Political divisions (which should be 73 provinces instead of the 7 provinces published)
I also found the number of Christians in Thailand a bit too exagerated, especially the number of crypto-Christians (at 570,000 in mid-2000), Independent Christians (at 735,801) and Protestants (at 303,000).
The number of Catholics (at 255,000) and Anglicans (at 465) in Thailand in mid-2000 are quite accurate.
There should also be more frequent updates.
I have never read a book of this genre that kept me intrigued throughout the whole novel. I normally find historical novels boring, but the author pulled me into the story and really made me realize the horror and cruelty of the treatment of slaves at that time. The message of this novel by a true abolitionist, Harriet Beecher Stowe, was clear to see...Slaves needed to be free, treated equally, and able to live their own lives!
Uncle Tom's Cabin starts off with Eliza (a slave-mother) overhearing her master and a slave trader talking about selling Uncle Tom (one of the most loyal and reliable slaves on the plantation) for a large sum of money. The trader is reluctant to the deal because he doesn't believe that any slave is worth the amount of money that was offered. But when a slave boy comes in (Eliza's son) he asks if he can buy both Uncle Tom, and the little boy. The plantation owner agrees, and Eliza is very worried.
When the plantation owner tells his wife that he sold their best slaves, she is not at all happy. She even suggests telling the trader that he had changed his mind and no longer needed to sell two slaves......but he assures her that she is wrong, and that even though Uncle Tom is the best slave that they have on the whole plantation, he needs the money to pay off the debt he owns to the trader. She informs him that the little boy has a loving mother but, he just acts as if he doesn't care and assures her once again that he needs the money.
That same night Eliza, tells her son that they are running away and finding Canada, because the plantation owner is trying to sell him. He quickly agrees and they run off, hours after their escape when they are reported missing, a search is sent out for them, and they are seen for a few minutes but then are lost again. This is just the beginning of an amazing adventure with a life changing impact. Uncle Tom's Cabin is one of the best novels I have ever read in my entire life! I encourage you to read this thrilling and fascinating story.
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George is an excellent writer but she's a bit wordyfor my liking. Not that I don't appreciate detailed description andlengthy character development, but it took me almost 250 pages to get hooked. There have only been two books I haven't finished reading in my entire life, so I guess you can say I'm hard pressed to give up once I've started. I almost put this one down around page 170 but fortunately I forged ahead. Once I got hooked, I was HOOKED. I couldn't wait to find out whodunit and was not disappointed by the ending. The main problem I had was that I just didn't like the two main characters. Lynley's unwillingness to forgive Havers was extremely irritating. And Havers being the "good soldier" and not sitting him down and questioning his bad attitude was frustrating too. I mean if these two had worked together for so many years, you'd think they'd both be mature enough to talk it out. George just drags out their mutual animosity. Grow up already! END
Move over Bill Henderson, Katrina Keneson, and Larry Dark. Watson's in the house!