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The Koran calls Christians and Jews': The people of the Book 'F.F.Bruce, Rylands professor of biblical Criticism tells you all about it: the scriptures old and new, in the few first pages.
The contributors:
The editor: P. W. Comfort,a leading authority on the subject orchestrates the effort of a dozen scholars in the field, to an up-to-date, well balanced, concise introduction to the subject: definition, history, theology, and translation of the bible.
The articles: scholarly essays in plain English
The book displays the information in five sections: I. Authority, II. Canon, III.Literature, IV. Manuscripts, V.Translation. There can be no better "Bible Study 101," in English, only that it is offered by some of the finest Anglo-American scholarship. In almost all the articles, a great deal of attention is given to definitions of bible study terminology:
higher criticism, inerrancy, inspiration, autographs,Mauratorian Canon, hagiographa, Rylands papyrus, apocrypha, Gospel of Thomas, wisdom of Amenemope, etc.
A History of the recovery of the original text of the new Testament:
Philip Comfort takes you on an enlightening tour of Oxyrynchus, Beatty, Bodmer papyri to the great Alexandrine codices. "The Alexandrine scribes, associated with the scriptorium of the great Alexandrian library and/or members of the Didaskelion of its catechtical school were trained philologists, grammarians, and textual critics"; this is the quality of information you get reading this book, unless you have access to books By K. Aland, B.Metzger, E.Nestle among few others.
Biblical languages and translation:
Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, and Hebrew as a changing Semitic language, difficult to translate requiring twice as much English words. How did Ptolemy Philadelphius start its translation into the Septuagint for the Jews of Alexandria, who soon appropriated some expressions beyond the scope of Hebrew terminology?
L. Walker takes the mantle to shows how St. John used Logos in reference to Christ, while apostle Paul style was influenced by lexical and grammatical parallels used by the Greek speaking Alexandrines.
English Bible and versions
Now you come to perceive the conclusion to this great drama that started by Origen's Hexapla, but not terminated by the Complete bible versions of Christendom. Devoted efforts by translators in affirmation of Biblical truth explains R. Elliott, "translate without interpreting"
Conclusion:
Around 260 AD, Dionysius of Alexandria found that the stylistic and lexical features of the book of revelation could not come from the same author of the fourth Gospel! All the eastern 'Orthodox' Churches do not include readings from the Apocalypse to this moment, thus was the honest and scholarly pursue of biblical truth.
More than just a straight look at the transmission of manuscripts, this book looks at translation issues (including questions translators need to address when translating from Greek into languages other than English, a nice touch).
Highly recommended.
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As a contribution to Canon Formation bookchat, this book is a solid work of scholarship. Yet of course the real cannon fodder in the Canon Formation discursive grapplings (the equivalent of the non-academic, or 'real', world's Ultimate Fighting Championships, only the popularity of the Academy's version leads to far too much influence on the Academy in general) is the readings and discussions of Canonical literature. The other problem is that glib jerks like myself can claim moral authority despite a penchant for horrible puns (cannon/canon) simply by admonishing those who spend seemingly too much time on Canon Formation frolics.
Regarding the multicultural and cultural studies relationships to Canon Formation politics, I respond with some trepidation to Gillory's admirable ideas. Sure, a more nuanced understanding of Canon Formation makes multicultural expansion within the Canon, as well as an expansion of literature's perimeters within the Canon, that much easier and that much more easily defended against the Neocon menace. I also accept the role of judgement, though it says a lot that that had to be brought back to the fore--were we just determining germane discourses and texts through some sort of Super Lotto Big Spin System for a few years there? But to what degree do I follow someone who, I don't think, has the judgement tools to recognize the literary energies of the first Wu-Tang Clan album; the album Liquid Swords by Wu-Tang leader Genius/Gza; the work of Del Tha Funkee Homosapien (rap's Dylan and Whitman at once) on the Deltron 3030 album; everything produced by Prince Paul and Dan the Automator and every record involving Michael Franti, Lady of Rage and Roxanne Shante; Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska and Darkness On the Edge of Town; anything recorded, admired, or smiled at by John Coltrane, Lester Young and Eric Dolphy; any recorded lamentation by Robert Johnson, Son House and Skip James; the Poetry of Eleanor Lehrman, Thylias Moss and Elizabeth Woody; or the fiction of Katherine Dunn and Kate Braverman? Couldn't the fan of any of the above immediately recognize the literary superiority of said work over [enter your least favorite Elizabeth Bishop manque, T.S. Eliot manque, or Robert Lowell manque here]? If Guillory ain't hip to Curtis Mayfield and Steve Cannon, I'm walking, 'cause the reason we shant despair isn't because we might contribute to the Canon Debate, or earn or burn a draft card to the culture wars, but because, if there's a hell below, we're all gonna go. And if I can be aware of the above names AND make a Ricky Nelson reference, then I'm not sure that I need this book as a sort of Fodor's Guide to "The Canon and The Culture". (P.S. If you get the review title, start YOUR book on American Lit. canons. We'll meet up on the backstreets of Medina.)
The principle objective of Guillory's project, as he himself asserts, is to revise the popular misconceptions about canon formation:
'The largest thesis of the book is that the debate about the canon has been misconceived from the start, and that its true significance is one of which the contestants are not generally aware. The most interesting question raised by the debate is not the familiar one of which texts or authors will be included in the literary canon, but the question of why the debate represents a crisis in literary study.' (Guillory: 1993:vii)
Dealing with the canon debate particularly as it concerns Anglo-American pedagogical institutions (his close readings, for example, treat Milton, Gray, Wordsworth and Eliot), Guillory nonetheless also offers a wide-ranging international theoretical buttress to his argument (Bourdieu, Gramsci, Bahktin, Jauss inter alia are cited and analysed with astounding precision and insight).
I would unreservedly recommend this book to anyone interested in the current multi-cultural/feminist/minority debates regarding the canon. Guillory's style is complex, muscular and brilliant. This book will not disappoint the most exigent connoisseurs of literary and cultural theory.
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In his second chapter, MacDonald is on firmer ground. He discusses the sympathetic treatment of women and the contemptuous treatment of men in the Acts of Paul. He also points to strong evidence that the stories originated in Asia Minor. Finally, he identifies the themes of opposition to the Roman empire, city, and household in the Acts of Paul, and connects them with the rough treatment Christians received at the hands of society in second-century Asia Minor.
MacDonald then turns to the Pastoral epistles and their relationship to the Acts of Paul. He identifies the Pastorals as products of Asia Minor, written between 100 and 140. These polemical epistles were directed in part at the oral stories which would become the Acts of Paul, according to MacDonald, and were meant to silence the "old wives' tales" that glorified virginity, feminine autonomy, and rejection of the claims of society. The question of relationship is also raised by several similarities of detail between the Pastorals and the Acts of Paul. Many scholars have concluded that this is because the author of the Acts of Paul knew and used the Pastorals, while a weaker argument has been made that the author of the Pastorals used an earlier version of the Acts of Paul. MacDonald disagrees with both, and posits that the authors knew the same oral legends. His strongest argument here is the lack of polemic or even response to the charges of the Pastorals in the Acts of Paul. In chapter four, MacDonald discusses the victory of the Pastorals over the Montanists, who held to the apocalyptic radicalism, rejection of social norms, and role of women in prophecy, all themes from the Acts of Paul. (MacDonald believes that the traditional view that the Acts of Paul represent Gnostic beliefs is no longer tenable, not least because of the stories' emphasis on the resurrection of the flesh.) The Pastorals were not fighting a doctrinal heresy, but sought to affirmed hierarchical church leadership and conformity with society against the ways of the Montanist radicals. MacDonald identifies the presbyter who wrote the Acts of Paul with a priest caught in the Montanist turmoil of Asia Minor in the second century.
MacDonald's final chapter considers the lesser "victory of the legends." He describes the popularity of Thecla and the Acts of Paul in later centuries. He closes his book with a discussion of the consequences of the battle's outcome for the Christian church.
Given the intensity of the battle as described by MacDonald, and the close geographical proximity of the battling authors, I am left wondering why the Acts of Paul appeared as such a naïve recording of oral tradition. MacDonald insists that the defrocked presbyter did not use the Pastorals at all, and this certainly seems to be the case. If these Pastorals spoke to the heart of the controversy, and even had a role in deposing the author of the Acts of Paul, how could he have been ignorant of them? If the controversy prompted him to record the Acts of Paul, why are the Acts so free of controversy? The battle doesn't seem to be properly joined.
Early Christianity's diverse communities developed and treasured different stories about Jesus and the Apostles, including Paul. MacDonald examines certain traditions of Paul, particularly in light of the patriarchal tradition which apparently "won" the battle for Paul and a tradition which he believes originated with women, the Acts of Paul and Thecla.
MacDonald especially examines the two Pauline traditions that made the biblical canon, the deutero-Pauline (Colossians, Ephesians, and II Thessalonians) and pastoral epistles (I & II Timothy and Titus), in relation to the Acts of Paul, which was in some early Armenian and Syrian canons. The Acts were written down by an orthodox Christian in Asia Minor between 160-190 and circulated in several languages, including Greek, Coptic, Ethiopic, and Armenian.
_The Legend_ is a "readable academic book." It illuminates some of the gender politics involved in the post-Pauline church and how they fit into the over all context of the Roman concept of the family structure and the role of women. Though the more woman-positive traditions about Paul revealed in the Acts of Thecla did not make the canon, both women and men followed in her tradition for centuries afterward. To this day, Thecla is the patron saint of Tarragona, Spain; Italy, Turkey, and Syria claim she is buried in their countries; Maalula, Syria has a convent established in her name; and that's just a beginning of a list-- not to mention that some advocate that she should be the patron saint of the Internet!
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Canon 752, according to the new Commentary "leaves room for dissent." This is based on the mistranslation of OBSEQUIUM by the Commentary. Ironically, the translated text in the same book reads "religious SUBMISSION of intellect and will" must be given to the authentic Magisterium (as opposed to an ASSENT of faith required of infallible teachings) whereas the commentary below the translated text keeps translating OBSEQUIUM not as SUBMISSION but as "RESPECT" or "DEFERENCE". Austin Flannery, OP, had no problem using SUBMISSION for OBSEQUIUM when he translated LUMEN GENTIUM #25 upon which canon 752 is based.
Another of many examples of an underlying agenda is shown in Book Four as well as Book Three. Canon 914 explicitly and unequivocally mandates First Penance BEFORE First Communion, yet the Commentary (p. 1110) suggests ""if the parents, who have the primary responsibility for the child's catechesis, should determine that their child is not yet ready for first penance but is ready for first communion, the child should not be denied the right to the sacrament." If that is not encouraging the faithful to oppose the law, what is it? Certainly not orthodox teaching or canonically licit behavior.
All in all, it is sad that the good scholarship has to be eclipsed by the creeping heterodoxy and subtle dissent in major portions of the book.
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There's almost no information that's not already in the manual. Not even basic information I hoped to find in this book e.g. "Will the camera set the custom functions to default when changing the batteries?" No, it only "in portrait mode the depth of the field will be shallow." Even in the EOS manual there are sample pictures in order to illustrate this function.
For similar prices you'll find much better books on understanding photography (e.g. John Shaws nature photography field guide"). In combination with your manual even the biggest photgraphy rookie will learn more from this combination.
Of course, if you lost your manual, this book deserves five stars for it's a substitute to your manual - not more!
In fact, just last weekend, I found the depth of field preview button.
So many buttons.
I would have liked to have seen better explanation of certain photography technical terms in the book. Depth of Field, Focal Length, F-Stop. I suppose the authors thought that anyone paying so much money for a camera would have understood these things. I now do, after I bought the Alesse book.
This book, however, does a very good job explaining how this camera worked. I would recommend it.