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While less difficult than Singing from the Well, The Palace of the White Skunks is still no easy read. Yet both books are extraordinary. Anyone interested in reading Latin American authors must include Arenas.
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What makes Dostoyevsky unique among 19th-century authors is his connection to philosophical debates; his critique of the Enlightenment is perhaps one of the most powerful expressions of what contemporary thinkers refer to as "the crisis of modernity."
But unlike the vast body of existentialist, marxist, and post-structuralist writing that has proliferated during this century, Notes from Underground's critique wields intense emotional power. Against the background of humanistic faith in progress and reason, the narrator finds himself mired in his own spite and squalidity, and in his own self-hatred he comes to view all humanity cynically.
Dostoyevsky's critique of the Enlightenment is devastating. The narrator stares at the statement "2+2=4" and then rejects it, questioning whether it really matters anyway. For Dostoyevsky, like Foucault, power is a productive relation--power always produces resistance. As such, all utopian schemas of rationalization are bound to carry the seeds of their own defeat. Humans, Dostoyevsky tells us, will always find new ways to express their stupidity and irrationality.
Central to this book is Dostoyevsky's explosion of the public/private dichotomy. The progress of Enlightenment humanism (represented by a reference to Kant's notion of 'the lofty and the beautiful') situates the individual as a cog in a rational social machinery, but this rationalization totally fails to extend into the private sphere--the Underground. The utter squalidity of the narrator's private life is horrifying because the reader always feels that she can relate to the narrator's tortured feelings. Here lies the disturbing power of Dostoyevsky's work.
On the other hand, from a philosophical point of view, Dostoyevsky's focus on the private sphere becomes a source of optimism. Dostoyevsky's politicization of the private opens up new spaces for political agonivity: the narrator uses the Underground as a space of spiteful critique, but the Underground can also enable personal emancipation from the contingent roles coerced by the technical imperatives of rationalized society.
The second, more carefull and guided tour through this book that I had through a philosophy class was much more enlightening - understanding the first section gives the reader a lot more insight to the underground man's motivations and actions in the second section.
To summarize the godforsakenly long paper that I had to write on this book, The underground man sees any limitations or rules as direct affronts to his freedom. He sees determinism, or the idea that all of our actions have prior causes, as depressing and that actions that are predetermined are necessarily unfree. Even Reason is a straightjacket, for a man who acts in all situations according to the dictates of Reason is a slave to the limitations of Reason nonetheless. The only way the Underground Man sees freedom as possible is by acting agaist one's own best wishes, or doing stupid things that are harmfull to oneself, just because one can and to express one's freedom. Either that, or acting in a purely spontaneous fashion. Of course, the Underground Man's days in the dusty cellar have addled his existential brain, because acting against one's own best wishes in the name of freedom is still acting for a cause, only one puts freedom this time as the highest of priorities. That and acting spontaneously for no reason whatsoever can't really be considered acting freely, because one has no personal control over said actions.
Well, that's still rather muddled, but hopefully slightly more palatable than our russian literary leftist's words.
Imagine being locked in a very small room with a verbose, insane, brilliant, jaded, before-his-times, clerk-come-philosopher....with a wicked sense of humor, and a toothache that's lasted a month. Pleasant company....are you searching for the door yet?
For the first hour, he's going to rant about his philosophy of revenge, the pointlessness of his life, his superiority, his failure, oh yeah, and his tooth. FOr the second half of the book, he's going to tell you a tale, with the title "Apropos of the Wet Snow". Because of course, there's wet snow outside on the ground.
I will leave you with this encouragement. If you can get through this book, you will appreciate Doestoevsky more, understand Crime and Punishment better, and probably enjoy a good laugh more than once.
Notes from the Underground is not light reading, but it is well worth the effort. And the translation by Pevear, including the translators notes at the back, is excellent.
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