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Maritain can be considered as one of the most influential roman catholic philosophers of the twentieth century and I think this work has still a lot of value for the problems of our time.
Cornelis van Putten
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In my mind, three principles stood out:
1) The importance of clear and concise communication to subordinates
2) The importance of being unconstrained by rigid rules and organizational norms, in preference of overriding principles and prejudices
3) The importance of leading for the long-term, rather than being motivated by short-term gain
The analysis of how our early institutions came to have form beyond the minimal guidance outlined in the Constitution is memorable for the phrase, "chinked in," ad hoc as it were, and for giving name to a distinctly American tradition of doing administration on the fly, filling the details as needed. This runs counter to Woodrow Wilson's admiration for Prussian efficiency and organization, which became a later, dominant theme in public affairs.
One other flaw mars an otherwise fine volume: early on, the author states that the Roman Republic did not become the Empire until the mid-second century, A.D. The proper date would by 27, B.C., but hopefully, this typo will be corrected in the next edition of what ought to be a standard work in the field of public administration.
-Lloyd A. Conway
In the "Preface to Public Administration" Stillman (1991) presents a very interesting set of explanations about the past of American public administration and the impact of that past on what is happening or not happening in the contemporaneous public administration (despite much efforts) in the country. Stillman (1991) connects the Republican ideals, embedded in the principles such as the elimination of the king, heredity, hierarchy, privilege, noble titles, and tradition as a basis of rule, and above all, elimination of anything that smacks of royal bureaucracy or administration and substitution of an electoral system based on consent of the people (p. 22), to the historical direction and progress of public administration in the United States. That political history matters too much to understand the practice of American public administration with its peculiar tensions and problems echoes in the Preface to Public Administration. A number of American public administration scholars, perhaps the most renowned of whom is Dwight Waldo (1948; 1984), have long attempted to tie the political philosophy and traditions of the United States more intimately to the seemingly politics-free public administration theory and practice in the United States. Stillman is surely one of those scholars that skillfully and convincingly demonstrate to the reader that the "stateless origins" of American public administration have had as much influence on the historical course of public administration.
I will try to summarize Stillman's thesis in a very concise way. Stillman (1991) argues that the Founding Fathers of the United States, who were passionate antagonists of a powerful administration that they associated with corrupted power, designed a system of government based on the checks and balances in which no individual, group or institution was much more powerful than each other so as to predominate the political arena to its own interest. The framers of American Constitution lived in an era when government was the power and the bulk of society was made up of simple, frugal, individual businessmen and farmers. They could not envision a country in which massive and competing private sources of power (corporations) came into existence and complex problems of massive urbanization occurred and the two World Wars broke out that all would encourage the emergence of "new American state" largely outside the Constitution, in piecemeal, extra-constitutional fashion. In the Europe, public administration theory and practice was derived from and integrated intimately to the political philosophy of that continent in a more orderly and symmetrical, a more prudent, a more articulate, and a more cohesive fashion. As a result, a more powerful state bureaucracy was created in European continent. What happened in the United States was the quite reverse of European-like progress of public administration: a more internally competitive, more experimental, a nosier and less coherent, less powerful bureaucracy within its own governmental system. Public administration emerged and developed in America not as an offspring of a state-centered political theory but as a product of temporal reactions and responses to the rising problems of society such as the emergence of corruption-prone big corporations, massive urbanization process and its problems and the like that required orderly and expert action from administration. As problems emerged, new programs and agencies were placed into operation, with public bureaucracies functioning in a system in which power is perceived to be grabbed and to be corruption-prone, and therefore, to be fragmented to its extreme. In such a landscape, public administration turned out to be dispersed and incoherent, and partly disabled to be effective. What at present times the observers of American public administration see as incoherency, diversity, tension, and powerlessness in administration, according to Stillman (1991) resulted from the stateless origins of public administration that were the by-products of American political beliefs.
The book is organized around eight major chapters. In the first five chapters, Stillman (1991) gives detail to the stateless origin of American public administration and its impact on the historical progress and contemporary problems of public administration. In the sixth chapter, Stillman (1991) shows the incoherent and diverse nature of American public administration theory that is manifest in its drive to a great degree of specialization in texts, teaching, and training. In the seventh chapter, the author compares four competing visions of state (no state, bold state, pre-state, and pro-state), with each one's advantages and disadvantages. In the eighth chapter, Stillman (1991) discusses the future of American public administration, with some recommendations for a synthesis.
Overall, Stillman's book deserves to be a public administration classic and I highly recommend this master to the students of public administration. Also recommended are "Administrative State" by Dwight Waldo (1948), "America the Unusual" by John Kingdon (1998), "The Enterprise of Public Administration" by Dwight Waldo (2001), and "Creating the American State" by Richard Stillman (2002).
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Sentence by sentence, this book resonates with the sound of classic literature. I'm a fan of eloquent wordsmithery, and Conrad was a master. Having read this independently, I probably didn't pick up on all of the symbolism or social commentary about European colonialism. However, the essential themes are clear and persuasively shown: the corruption of power and the potential in humankind for regression to savagery when social inhibitions are absent - much like "Lord of the Flies", which another reviewer astutely noted. Beyond the meanings, I think it works very well as a dark adventure narrative, building premonitions of disaster as Marlow journeys deeper into the continent and closer to the mythical Kurtz. My only criticism echoes many previous reviews: the encounter with a weakened Kurtz is anticlimactic and leaves the reader hungry for demonstrations of the great man's warped charisma.
I recommend this particular version of the novella because it contains a variety of essays, which discusses some of the main issues in the reading and historical information. Issues like racism and colonialism are discussed throughout many essays. It also contains essays on the movie inspired by the book Apocalypse Now, which is set against the background of the Vietnam War. I recommend reading Heart of Darkness and then viewing Apocalypse Now, especially in DVD format which contains an interesting directors commentary.
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I used Rich Freed's book for years in my consulting practice and MBA classes. It's a great book, and I *highly* recommend it. It's clearly one of the best treatments on writing business proposals available.
But comparing my book on proposals to Freed's is like comparing apples and oranges. My book is aimed at people who work in scientific and technical disciplines. Freed's book is written toward business applications. These two books are designed to work in two completely different arenas.
Buy this book. As an experienced proposal writer and consultant, I believe it's the best book on writing business proposals. It's truly innovative, and it offers wonderful strategies for winning contracts in highly competitive business environments.
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