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Schopenhauer proves by rational reasoning why this is so. People in other cultures (especially East Asia) arrive at the same conclusion by instinct; they believe in Fate. So do many Muslims.
I'm in complete agreement with Schopenhauer. And although this book does not have the same impact on me which it did on Einstein, I count myself lucky to have found it. But then, all this was "written"....
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This book is where history begins and ends if you follow the Rangers.
As the Texas Rangers now move into the Alex Rodriguez era, the book probably could stand an update, as a lot has happened since the book was published during the 1997 season, but it's a great read if you're into team history.
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The reproductions included in the collection are first-rate: sharp, clear, and alive with colour . . . in short, nothing less than museum-quality. Choose a first-class cabin from detailed deck plans, much as prospective passengers would have done all those years ago. Examine the brochure that the White Star Line gave out to those who were planning to book passage on their newest vessels, "Olympic" and "Titanic". Hand over your boarding card and step aboard, but don't forget to read the passenger list before hobnobbing with the industrialists on first class!
Pick an entree from the first-class lunch menu. Write a note to your friends back home on one of seven different postcards. Then, sit down to a glorious Sunday dinner with such dishes as filets mignons lili and french ice cream for dessert. Finish your day in the D-deck reception room with a relaxing selection from White Star's music booklet.
There's so much more to see: luggage stickers; wireless messages; a White Star Line information booklet for first-class passengers; even an official landing card, issued to one of the survivors for presentation to immigration officials shortly before the "Carpathia"'s arrival in New York (note the haunting words CARPATHIA EX TITANIC). Background information on every item is provided by the excellent supplementary booklet included with the collection, written by Eric Sauder and Hugh Brewster. With a detailed timeline of significant events and a brief list of must-reads for budding "Titanic" buffs, it's far more than an exhibition catalogue. It even discusses how the Titanic Historical Society -- from which most of the original items reproduced in the set were obtained -- was formed and how one might become a member of this renowned organisation.
For less than twenty dollars (a fraction of what these priceless documents would be worth today), one could get a front-row seat to life on board one of the world's greatest maritime wonders.
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You could learn the speed, range or how many guns of each airplanes from tones other books, but you won't be able to learn the feeling to fly all of them by the same person from them.
This book was published long long time ago, but don't think the data and describtion is also old. Those experience is never faded away.
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Marvin Gozum, MD
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In this context, Eric G. Flamholtz and Yvonne Randle:
* describe 'pure' types of transformations, including what they have termed Transformations of the First, Second, and Third Kinds:
1. Entrepreneurial transformations to professional management including the special case of family business transformations - First Kind (more detailed discussion and examples of this kind see Chapter 3).
2. Revitalization transformations of established companies - Second Kind (more detailed discussion and examples of this kind see Chapter 4).
3. Business vision transformations - Third Kind (more detailed discussion and examples of this kind see Chapters 5-6).
and note that actual organizations sometimes engage in compound transformations, consisting of more than one type of transformation simultaneously.
* present a framework that managers can use to understand and plan what must be done to build an organization with a high probability of long-term success, and examine four critical factors that influence the design of a successful business enterprise:
1. The 'business concept' that defines the business a company is in.
2. Six key 'building blocks' of organizational success.
3. The 'size' of the enterprise.
4. The 'environment' (markets, competition, and trends) in which the enterprise will exist.
* focus on the strategic transformational planning process in order to provide a tool for assisting in the process of managing transformations.
* examine how to design an organizational structure that will support a firm's transformation.
* examine the issues involved in transforming an organization's structure after a strategic transformational plan has been developed, and show that the choice of the form of organization to help implement a transformational plan is a strategic issue in itself.
* focus on the behavioral aspects of organizational transformations, and describe the important role leadership plays in not only helping to transform the behavior of individuals within an organization, but in changing the overall game that the organization is playing.
* discuss two additional, powerful tools -performance management systems and corporate culture management- that can be used to transform the behavior of all employees within an organization.
* present ten key lessons for Managing Transformations and Changing the Game.
Finally, they argue that "unlike chess and the NCAA basketball tournament, business is a game without an end. There is no national championship tournament for business. The game goes on and on. In a sense, a basketball program is like a business. A given team may win a championship one year, but there is always the next year and the next and the next, just as in business. As soon as one profitable year is completed, the next emerges. There is, however, one constant in the business game year after year: the need to understand the process of managing organizational transformations. Accordingly, the final lesson is: adapt and increase the probability of future success; or remain fixed in the existing paradigm and risk failure. The game is there for the taking".
I highly recommend.
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The models are arranged in alphabetical order, with a brief blurb on each one. Unless one were an avid student of 50's and 60's models, the names would be lost, but that's because Yeager preferred to photograph woman who hadn't been photographed before. There are colour and B&W photos. Not all of them are nudes, but being a woman herself, she did have a knack for tastefully bringing out their natural beauty in a way that men photographers wouldn't. Also, the models felt more comfortable posing in front of her as opposed to a man, which stands to reason. And the models have that 1950's look and the texture of the photographs bring out a nostalgic air.
Most of the models have two pages devoted to them. Bettie Page has six. Maria Stinger, a cross between Marilyn Monroe and Lana Turner, has only two pages devoted despite the fact that a 1954 magazine cover of her was the first photo Bunny sold. Others like Lisa Winters get their due, as Winters became a Playmate of the Year.
Yeager clearly loved her work and some creativity shows, such as the orchid bikini she designed for Joan Rawlings. She describes in the foreword how she always tried to find new posing ideas, hairstyles, etc. However, she felt alienated at the more explicit photos coming to the forefront in the 1970's: "Photos of women in men's magazines were no longer beautiful for me to look at. I didn't want to do that kind of photography. It was demeaning to women. The loveliness of a woman's body was gone and in its place was a type of cold clinical photography that only concentrated on the female sex organs." Result, she gave up pin-up photography.
Eric Kroll's description of Yeager's work is accurate: "Bunny Yeager's photographs were never obscene. Erotic and glamorous yes. Cheesecake, perhaps, but not pornographic. ... These are the 1950's after all." Kroll is known as the man who returned Bunny to the spotlight by making her work, especially Bettie Page photos, available to the public eye. The essay on her gives him a chance to thank the woman whose photos he enjoyed in his youth. And this book gives me a better appreciation of an independent woman ahead of her time. Thanks, Ms Yeager.
Schopenhauer does a fantastic job at dissecting the concept of the 'freedom of the will' by first showing that it cannot be proven from self-consciounsess. He follows this by meticulously distinguishing between the changes that occur in inorganic objects (cause), plants (stimulus), and animals(intuitive and abstract motives). He points out that in regards to the automatic organic function of animals bodies, changes occur in the form of a "stimulus" but in willed action we must consider motivation as the cause; however, not in the mechanical sense that the narrow definition of casaulity implies. In regards to motivation, "causality that passes through cognition... enters in the gradual scale of natural beings at that point where a being which is more complex, and thus has more manifold needs, was no longer able to satisfy them merely on the occasion of a stimulus that must be awaited, but had to be in a position to choose, seize, and even seek out the means of satisfaction."
Schopenhauer thinks that humans have "relative freedom" but that relative freedom is to act in accordance with the motives that are necessitated by the Will - -which in turn is the determining factor of human behavior. In humans the linkage of cause and effect is of a far greater distance than that of intuitive animals --causing us to mistakingly exclude our behavior from the law of casaulity --but in the end 'the Will' still determines actions by sufficient necessitiy.
"For he (human beings) allows the motives repeatedly to try their strength on his will, one against the other. His will is thus put in the same position as that of a body that is acted on by different forces in opposite directions - until at last the decidedly strongest motive drives the others from the field and determines the will. This outcome is called decision and, as a result of the struggle, appears with complete necessity."
Unlike Jean Paul Sartre's doctrine of freedom, which ultimately collapsed into obscurity and contradiction, Scophenhauer rightly contends that the individual character is inborn. In other words, it contradicts Sartre's saying that "existence precedes essence." For Schopenhauer, neither precedes the other. The two are inseparable. The expression of the essence can change through experience but the fundamental aspects of it remain ntrinsic to the organism (ie. Genes/Biology). Schopenhauer responds to those proponents of absolute free will who haven't carefully analyzed what it means for the 'will' to be free by writing: "Closely considered, the freedom of the will means an existentia without essentia; this is equivalent to saying that something is and yet at the same time is nothing, which again means that it is not and thus is a contradiction." If Sartre had happened to stumble upon this particular essay he might have realized that it was he who was in "bad faith." If Schopenhauer is wrong about mans intrinsic character then all of the social sciences are a fraud and psychology is wrong when it takes genes, biology, and the environment into consideration when interpreting and analyzing human behavior.
In the end, one may conclude there is no chance for people to be moral if all of our actions are determined by our character and the external circumstances than dictate its manifestation. Schopenhauer does not think that people can't be morally reformed. In other words he thinks that the expression of behavior can be altered:
"Cultivation of reason by cognitions and insights of every kind is morally important, because it opens the way to motives which would be closed off to the human being without it."
Instead of condeming people who suffer from psychological diseases or performing exorcisms, which ultimately make the condition worse, psychologists today seek to understand the motivations and determining influences behind human behavior and then attempt to counteract them by sublimating behavior through various cources of treatment if the behavior is considered a real psychological 'disorder.'
Schopenhauer points out that a moral system that tries to root out the defects of a person's character, rather than cultivating the expression of that behavior, by introducing motives for moral behavior is ridiculous.
Scopenhauer alludes to the fact that moral responsibility is also a precarious idea in light of the fact that in Christianity there is the concept of predesination, and in Islam there is a religious fatalism. On top of that fact, many of the church fathers (Augustine and Luther) concurred with Schopenhauer's conclusion about free will. In the end, the religious puzzle is "how can a omniscient diety condemn his creation if they were predestined or fated to be what he created them to be?" In the end the justness of it will rely on faith.
I highly recommend this book!