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Taylor's idea was simple: break down all jobs into their smallest component tasks, experiment to determine the best way to accomplish them and how fast they can be performed, and then find the right workers to do them. It was called scientific management, or "Taylorism" -- a formula to maximize the productivity of industrial workers. "The coming of Taylorism," Kanigel writes, took "currents of thought drifting through his own time -- standards, order, production, regularity, efficiency -- and codif[ied] them into a system that defines our age."
Though he had an enormous impact on our everyday lives, today Taylor is little known outside management circles. This is curious: in his own time, Taylor was a world-class celebrity, advocating an organizational revolution that would link harder work to higher wages -- as well as instituting shorter working hours and regular "cigarette breaks." His books and articles were translated into all the major languages and passionately studied, even in the Soviet Union, as guides to a future industrial utopia; he was, in many ways, Stalin's prophet. Yet Taylor was also reviled as a slave driver who devalued skilled labor and despised the common worker, and he was ridiculed as a failure in many of his business undertakings.
Much of Kanigel's book is devoted to descriptions of the shops that Taylor worked in: a ball-bearing factory, a paper mill, and machine-tool plants, to name a few. It's dramatic how different the world he describes is from the work environment of today. Here were no highly educated managers attempting to exercise minute control over relatively unskilled employees. Instead, craftsmen dominated these oily pits -- spinning steel-cutting lathes, constructing elaborate sand molds for machine tools, and maintaining the gigantic leather belts that harnessed the energy of central steam engines. THis was in many ways the most fascinating part of the book for me: I learned what people did in the decaying mills that surrounded my New England home.
To all but the most practiced eye, such a workplace was a chaotic scene. What the craftsmen did -- and what they were capable of -- was largely a mystery to management, which deprived the managers of control and power, leading to a number of stunningly counterproductive practices. If tool and die makers produced jigs beyond a certain threshold, for example, 19th-century foremen would dock (!) their pay per item -- an obvious incentive for them to slow down. And because ball-bearing inspectors in a Fitchburg mill worked slowly and talked too much, they were forced to put in 101/2 -hour days, without breaks.
Taylor witnessed such practices and decided to change them. In one of his most famous experiments, on "Schmidt", he got a common laborer to double the number of bars of pig iron he transported down a plank each day. All he did was pay the man more, linking higher output directly to higher wages -- hardly a revolutionary thought today. His solution for the gossipy ball-bearing inspectors was to separate them, shorten their working hours, increase their pay, and allow them to relax occasionally; in return, they were expected to work harder, and they did.
Once Kanigel establishes that Taylor's method worked well (to a certain extent), the book becomes tough going. Despite his elegant prose, Kanigel's exhaustive treatment of his subject's life and experiments strained my interest. Do we really need to know, for example, that Taylor once spent months alternating the size of coal shovels in the name of furnace-stoking efficiency? Or the entire list of his vacation companions for one summer? Such biographical detail can add spice to a compelling narrative, but to include them only as an exercise in thoroughness, as Kanigel does, is simply tiring. Taylor simply is not interesting as a personality.
Kanigel also glosses over many important issues. Taylorism really did devalue certian kind sof skilled labor, and the costs have been high. The "Taylorized" doctors of the HMO era, for example, must work with administrators peeking over their shoulders, dispensing pills at the expense of empathy and other unmeasurable healing skills. And once factory workers lost their control and even their comprehension of manufacturing processes, many ceased to take pride in their work and stopped making suggestions for improvement. This may be one reason why Japanese and European design is often superior to American. Taylorism also spawned the rise of management consulting, with its sham exercises and goals -- often a huge diversion of managerial talent in the name of efficiency. Kanigel, however, largely ignores this darker side of Taylorism; the true impact of his legacy gets lost in the details. The result is a 600-page profile of a narrow and compulsive man with a single, if influential, idea.
Recommended, but only for scholars and specialists.
Who do you know who can reliably recognize the tipping point where efficiency destroys effectiveness (and with it competitiveness)? Who do you know who would challenge changes in the name of efficiency because the changes would impair quality, effectiveness, morale, or labor relations? Without understanding Fred Taylor and efficiency, how can you avoid mistaken applications of the notion? What will keep a 19th Century man from being the most influential man of both the 20th Century and the 21st Century?
Nowadays, F.W. Taylor is often portrayed as either a villain who has all but enslaved us or he is defended as not really meaning what he said. Instead, this book shows us Taylor's nineteenth century upper middle-class background and spends a good amount of time on character development and work habits.
Once all this is understood, Taylor's seemingly obsessive goals become more understandable. He did have many important insights in making work efficient. When he began manufacturing was done in thousands of very small shops. It was horribly inefficient. His work did help our economy and helped the average worker become more productive. However, I still can't understand how someone could think having a human body physically haul 47 tons of pig iron per day is a good thing. There is a definite quality of life aspect that still wasn't grasped by these early efficiency experts.
Another extremely valuable topic the author clarifies is that Henry Ford's assembly line had more to do with meatpacking than Taylor's Scientific Management. Taylor's critics have unjustly used Henry Ford's manufacturing techniques as evidence against Taylor's methods when Ford himself made statements denying Taylor's influence. Also, like many original thinkers, Taylor was ill served by many who came after him and used his name but not his methods. This is all clearly laid out in this valuable book.
This isn't a whitewash or a book of simple praise. It paints a complex portrait of Taylor, but gives us enough context to understand him within his time. We get to know something of his character and that helps a great deal. It is a big book but reads short and is surprisingly engaging for a book on manufacturing. This book gave me insights into the early twentieth century that I needed to make certain pieces fall into place. It has a prominent place in my library and I hope a lot of people read it.
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The set-up, while perfect for storytelling, is woefully unlike anything Janeway would do. That is, she leaves her ENTIRE senior staff on a planet and takes Voyager to negotiations with an alien race. Of course, the crew is promptly gassed to unconsciousness and carted off to a squalid, outdoor prison full of thousands of other poor schmucks. It is there, in between their making plans to escape, that they tell each other their histories. The ending is typically Trek - too much, too fast.
Don't get me wrong, it's a *great* read. You just can't consider much of it canon. Jeri does not seem to take into consideration many details we already know to be true. I would think, if you're gonna write about a Trek character's history, you would be sure to include canon. But no. Inconsistencies abound. This is fiction. Fiction, fiction, fiction.
I guess the only reason I can think of for why she strayed so far from canon was because she included healthy, well-adjusted homosexuals in her story - and everyone knows there are none like that in Starfleet...
However, the way it was presented.....the crew captured and held in a prison camp, and to pass the time they tell the stories of thier life which led to becoming part of the Voyager crew. It just doesn't seem right. Some technical problems as well, I seriously doubt the method used to escape would have been possible in those conditions.
Secondly, it was a bit on the sappy side in the transitions between stories. I was almost expecting a big group hug in parts. Thirdly, some of the stories don't match up with the series.....perhaps the book was written before those episodes were made? Dispite these problems, it was an enjoyable read which gives insight into the crew of the Voyager.
Jeri has obviously put her own touch in writing this novel, as she delves deeply into characters she has championed throughout the history of the Star Trek series. Lt. Tom Paris, the sandy haired pilot tells the real story behind his fall from grace in Starfleet (this may clash with what we've known before, I'm not certain as to why Ms. Taylor has deviated from what has been explained in previous storylines, like the absence of Caldik Prime), and the pain that runs deep as a result.
All of the main characters (except Janeway, who is not in the camp with them) get a chance to tell of their past lives, including a surprise in the form of Kes, the Ocampan woman who transformed into a being of higher consciousness early in the 4th season.
All in all, this is a very enjoyable read. You will laugh, you will cry, you will want to read it all over again.
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For such an important singer, we have waited a long time for a biography. It might have been expected that she, like most singers, would have received a 'pop' version of a book, one that skated over the surface and which, once read,would be left to languish on the shelf pining for a more detailed and serious treatment to come along by someone with an historical perspective in which to place the artist's contribution to the great lyric tradition. What is impressive, however, is that the Spanish soprano has been fortunate to receive a worthy treatment in this, the very first major book about her.
In my opinion (and in the views of the several friends I have leant it to), Pullen and Taylor's biography manages to be both entertaining and packed with important detail. From all this emerges an engaging portait of Caballe both as as an artist and as a private woman. This achievement should not be under-estimated given the problems of dealing with a living person and one who, in common with all major artists, undoubtedly has a vulnerable ego to protect. I have superficially enjoyed many of the portraits about other living singers - Tebaldi, Domingo, Bartoli, Te Kanawa, to name but a few - but this book serves as an historical document: it provides the detail that is necessary for the book to become a work of reference, and it is also written in a lively and knowledgeable style, so that it can be enjoyed in its own right as an highly entertaining read. Because of the density of detail, it's possible to take the book down from the shelves and dip into it to discover facts and anecdotes that have been forgotten since the last read. And the authors' observations in the extensive critical discography that concludes the book reveal them to be perceptive connoisseurs of the lyric art of singing. They assess Caballe's greatness without blindly singing her praises for everything she does.
I would unhesitatatingly recommend this book, which I have read in the German and English editions.
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The book was better than the well-scrubbed Diseny version, be warned, though, that it doesn't pull its punches as far as Klan violence is concerned.
I'd seen the movie before I read "Travels." After reading "Travels" I was looking for more R.L. Taylor books and found "Matecumbe" and realized it was the one made into the fun movie. I'd love to see "Travels" made into a movie!
For those who loved "Travels," I also recommend the Further Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Greg Matthews.
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Perhaps there were intelligence officers sent out and who delivered the messages inconceivable and therefore rejected to the behind-the-lines brass. It seems all too neat and didactic, especially the lecture from Nanh's mother on the history of the Vietnamese outwaiting conquerors, and the steadily unfolding insight into the narrator's Texas background, official intransigence, and Vietnamese dignity. Those who think a less-leashed military would have won will use the homosexuality to dismiss the argument, and most of those sympathetic to interracial homosexual relationships probably already know why the ARVN lost despite massive US military backup.
Personally, I like this first novel very much, could connect with the narrator easily, could empathize with his situation, and, to my surprise, found his broken-english narrative for Nanh, the Vietnamese lover, to be natural and non-condescending. I have few qualifications for rating this book on the basis of verisimilitude other than that my own partner is Vietnamese/Chinese. I found Nanh's mother's views on Vietnamese history far from didactic (although being so would not be a sin) and fascinating. It has made me want to look into it further. (Wish I could connect with my "mother-in-law" so intimately.) And the conclusion was gritty, somewhat unsatisfying (as it must have been for the protagonist), and thoroughly believable.
I read it, by the way, in a single sitting: couldn't put it down. I will read it again.
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As always with the LP, its popularity is so widespread that its advice must be viewed with suspicion. For instance, it strongly recommended a noodle shop in Nikko. Upon going to the place (against my better judgement!) I found the LP review hanging in the window, the restaurant full of other gaijin, and unnappealing food obviously aimed at satisfying those who find Japanese cuisine weird.
It's probably still worth having the book, just because it's so comprehensive...it's bound to have a place to stay if you pull into a city at 10pm. However, for those touring Japan in detail, not just Tokyo and Kyoto, I would recommend a combination of Will Ferguson's _The Hitchhiker's Guide to Japan_ (even if not hitchhiking, he describes interesting travel routes that can be branched out of), an atlas of Japan (I used the Kodansha english/Japanese atlas, but anything with kanji place names and road&train routes is good), and JNTO pamphlets (easy to pick up) listing all hostels and various ryokans. Japan is a safe, easy, and consistently interesting country to get around in. A comprehensive book (especially one laced with inaccuracies and an obvious bent towards the cities) isn't as useful as it would be elsewhere.
I agree there is not a consistent style throughout LP. It was written by 4 authors whose work was based on original work by Ian McQueen who burned out after 3 editions, so there is much original style mixed in with subsequent updates by the various authors through the next 4 editions. This does make some areas better than others, though, especially when it comes to locations of bus stops and "getting there" sections.
But overall, I don't see much problem with some sections having transportation and other sections not as no matter what book you get, you need to get JNTOs Railway Timetable or updated ferry or bus schedules because the train-bus-ferry schedules change from year to year, making everything obsolete quickly.
This book is also aimed at those who are traveling around using the main train routes, who want to see the big sights and maybe a few of the smaller ones. If you have a car or motorcycle, you're going to end up in places that aren't covered in any book almost every night. A smattering of Japanese is the only thing that will help this kind of traveler. It also only contains brief history and background on some areas. At times it seems to assume that you have a separate book for this information. If you want a history book, get a history book. This is a practical guide for travelers to get you to a place and into some lodging. At that it excels.
I do get annoyed with the phone number area codes only being given at the beginning of a section. With a large section, it make take a while searching for the correct page with the area code so you can dial a number. This always seems to happen in an unlit phone booth on a rainy night.
Lastly, this 7th edition is now old. I read as part of an article in the NY Times that said that Japan was getting ready to promote domestic tourism to help its economy, that someone was back in Japan trying for an update . This would help immensely as LP quotes exact prices on hotels and admissions. Anyone who has used this book recently knows that prices have gone up on most things, and down in a couple of other cases. I like the exact quote on hotel prices better than RG's range quotes, as I can get a better idea when planning a budget than just a Y5000 to Y10,000 range.
When the next edition comes out, I'll be first in line to get it, again looking for anything I've missed (and I know there's a lot as I discover every year). If you're looking for a tool to help you travel through and around a very interesting country on your own, this book is for you. If your hotels and transportation are already covered in your tour, a Frommer's guide with photos and history would work better for you.
Kentou!
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Then we have to hear that not only were all the great philosophers black, but the gay community has put in their claim as well; all of these philosophers were homosexuals! But wait, to be precise, all of the great philosophers were gay black men.
EVERY race has contributed to civilization and our society as we know it. Nobody knows definitively if any of these people mentioned were actually black Africans, but it seems that racial/sexual/gender groups are always trying to glom on to some sense of misguided, egomaniacal insolence.
Be proud of your race, whatever it may be. But please don't try to browbeat everyone into believing some unsubstantiated drivel.
But the book doesn't go deep enough. It reads like a compilation of data, with little life added in. It paints Robert Taylor as almost a "goody two shoes."
Yet there was more to him, & I for one hope to read a book that uncovers and tells the truth about many other factions of his life. He WAS a good, solid family man. He had no shocking secrets. Yet he DID harbor demons, and this is the story Ms. Wayne should've told.