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Then one needs a book which explains where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found such as Jodi Magness' _The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scolls_. But as the starting point one needs _The Complete World of the Dead Sea Scrolls_.
Philip Davies, George Brooke, and Phillip Callaway have written a "complete" introduction to the Dead Sea Scrolls. The first section of the book discusses the discovery of the scrolls, their editing, and their publication. The second section discusses the history of the time of the scrolls, including the sects of that time.
Perhaps the third section should have been divided into two. The third section begins with chapters on how to make a scroll, script styles, Carbon-14 dating of the scrolls, and how to reconstruct a scroll from fragments. (If one has never read of the techniques for scroll reconstruction, this chapter is a must.)
Next comes the bulk of the book. The most significant scrolls from each cave are discussed. Cave 1 had a number of the sectarian scrolls. Cave 4 had the largest number of scrolls. The scrolls from Caves 5 to 10 receive only two pages of attention despite the sensationalism surrounding the Greek scrolls found in Cave 7 (and see also page 190).
The fourth section of the book discusses the settlement of Qumran. (One should be sure to refer to Magness' _Archaeology_.) The fifth section discusses the meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls. I will leave these for the consideration of the reader.
Included in _Complete World_ are a list of the contents of Discoveries in the Judean Desert, a chart of paleographic Hebrew, a list of the scrolls by cave, etc. _Complete World_ is a feast of reading with the scrumptious photographs of a coffee table book. This book deserves more than a five star rating.
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It contains a pretty thorough gazetteer, showing the flag and some details of the world's countries (although some info may be out of date by the time you buy this; Afghanistan, for example, is detailed as saying "war is raging between the Taliban and the remainder of the government nations"). The book also contains small street maps of 20 cities across the world, including NY, Paris, London, Tokyo, etc. but they didn't include Los Angeles, Budapest, Prague, Beijing, Shanghai, or Moscow for some reason (but they do have Amsterdam and Brussels??). The page edges are gilded with a gold-like appearance. Really nice. Since I keep my book in my backpack all the time, I put it in a ziploc bag to keep the gilding from wearing out.
Except for the problem with the states of the USA, this is an excellent book due to its appearance and small size. The poorly drawn maps of the USA aren't a big deal to me since I have larger reference atlases at home I use to look up funny little imaginary states like "Arkansas."
It has political and mostly physical maps of all the seven continents of the world. It also shows the major oceans, lakes, seas, bays, etc.
Besides showing large mass' of land and water it also shows narrow rivers, and mountains. From the rocky mountains to the African Sahara, from snowy siberia to icy Antarctica, this atlas has maps of every single place in the world!
--------------AHMED MASHHOOD------AGE 12----------
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Therefore when the fifth edition was announced I placed my order. Rarely have I've been so disappointed when expectation sees reality.
First of all, the wonderful global comparisons of oceans, climate, wealth, energy etc., have been replaced with common continental summaries. Worse though is the fact that these summaries consist only of those incomprehensible theme maps of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and land use. It was because all the rest of the atlases had these useless enigmatic diagrams that I gave them away. I defy anyone to dig any useful information off a January Temperature map. I rather suspect that this information is more readily available and cheaper to obtain making the publication more cost effective for OUP. That it becomes more useless to the reader by the same turn doesn't seem to matter.
The country summaries have been ordered a-z as opposed by continent. This certainly makes it easier to find them but renders them out of any context whatsoever. But even here the work is substandard. For instance in the summary of Argentina, the section on the Economy ends with "...which are heavily" One wonders - heavily what? Sloppy.
Why UOP would take such a solid franchise and ruin it through conscience manipulation and sloppy design and editing is beyond me.
For the killing of truly useful tome OUP should not receive even one star, but I will give it two. The first is for the editions that bravely preceded this one. And the second is for my hope for the sixth edition. In the meantime I strongly recommend that the staff at OUP convene at the pub for it is apparent that their office decisions regarding the Oxford Encyclopedic World Atlas are abysmal.
The article starts with a case study on the reversal of fortunes represented by Kmart and Wal-Mart from 1979 to 1989. This example serves to explain the four principles of capabilities-basded competition: (1) the building blocks of corporate strategy are business processes; (2) competitive success depends on providing superior value to the customer; (3) strategic investments in support infrastructure that links units and functions; and (4) the CEO is the champion of a capabilities-based strategy. The authors conclude that the key to competitive advantage has moved from strategic positioning to anticipation of market trends and quick response to customer needs. "The prize will be companies that combine scale and flexibility to outperform the competition along five dimensions: (1) speed; (2) consistency; (3) acuity; (4) agility; and (5) innovativeness." So the challenge is to become a capabilities-based competitor. This challenge requires managers to see their business in terms of strategic capabilities, then, to identify and link together essential business processes to serve customers, and, finally, reshape the organization to encourage the new kind of behavior. Thankfully the authors introduce a four-step guide for this process, using Medequip - the medical-equipment company - as an example. The main advantages of competing on capabilities is that it provides a way for companies to gain the benefits of both focus and diversification, it enables growth by transferring essential business processes, and advantages built on capabilities are easier to transfer georgraphically. The authors make greate use of examples, such Kmart vs. Wal-Mart, Wachovia vs. Banc One, and Honda.
Although the authors disagree, this article expands on Prahalad & Hamel's core competence-theory (1990): "But whereas core competence emphasizes technological and production expertise at specific points along the value chain, capabilities are more broadly based, encompassing the entire value chain." Strong point of this article is that it makes the core competennce-theory more practically understandable and provides good insights into the implementation of that theory into organizations. Although somewhat outdated it is a great, clear article which I recommend to managers and MBA-students. The authors use simple US-English.
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My eleven-year-old daughter and I love these American Girls books, and this one is just as good as the others. The author succeeds in driving home her point with a gentleness that makes the story a joy to read, even while you are learning something. The final chapter has directions for making Cherry-Nut Cupcakes, which have little to do with the story, but my daughter enjoyed making them, and I enjoyed eating them. (Actually, as a father, I do hope that they keep up with putting recipes in their new books!)
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The book arrived in the mail on Friday afternoon. By Saturday afternoon I was chewing on crumbs.
To me, one of the most interest comments was the suggestion by one writer that Lewis had been influenced by the marvellous chapter "The Ethics of Elfland" in G. K. Chesterton's Orthodoxy. I am beginning to suspect that Wilhelm Grimm was a very clever, and also successful, evangelist, and that there might be a secret link between the Seven Dwarves and Trumpkin.
author, Jesus and the Religions of Man
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A great deal of the text, especially the 134 pages of the "Preliminary Remarks" is consumed by Dumézil's denigration of other scholars' work. Some of his put-downs may have been deserved. But the book was published in 1966 and there is no point today reading slams of books published early in the last century. The only entertainment in this tedium is to make a game of discovering how many of the same sins which Dumézil decries that Dumézil commits.
The text is very long: two volumes totaling almost 700 pages. The text is sparse on substance, with a fair amount of repetition. No author has much material to go on in the subject of Roman religion once the Greek influence is weeded out, granted. That suggests that a shorter text is in order.
About three-quarters of the quotes of the Roman texts are given in Latin without translation. This may have been excusable for readers of the original French edition, who may have been able to guess their way through the text, but it certainly not tolerable for English readers. To add insult to injury, much of the untranslated Latin is an archaic form, not to be found in modest sized Latin-English dictionaries. Sometimes the quality of the English is poor. Either the translator Philip Krapp, or the author Dumézil (who revised Krapp's translation), seems to have naïvely tried to use English words which more closely resemble the original French, but are plainly wrong.
Dumézil's great contribution to the study of mythology appears to have been to compare early European religions to the Indian Vedas. In the more than 30 years since this book was published, most mythographers have learned to do the same. Dumézil unfortunately has also focused on the "Three Functions" theory, and tries to shoe-horn Roman religion into that mold; the theory works very well for the first two functions (magic+government, and defense+conquest) but seems to fail in the third function (nourishment+fertility+prosperity). The idea that ancient peoples recognized only three distinct functions in their society and religion was overused when it was first proposed. A writer today would do better to use the idea sparingly, or to conform the idea to the beliefs and practices of the Romans instead of conforming Roman beliefs to this modern notion.
A great deal of "Archaic Roman Religion," especially the 134 pages of the "Preliminary Remarks" section, is wasted by Dumézil's tedious denigrations of other scholars' works. Some of his put-downs may have been deserved, but Dumézil published in 1966. There is no point spending time today reading slams of books published early in the 1900s, or late 1800s. The only relief is to make a game of counting how many of the same sins which Dumézil decries that Dumézil commits, and how often.
The text is very long: almost 700 pages, but it is sparse on substance, with a fair amount of repetition. There is not much material to go on in the subject of Roman religion once the Greek influence is weeded out. Dumézil brings that point home well and often. But that suggests that a shorter book is in order.
About three-quarters of the quotes of the Roman writers are given in Latin without translation. This may have been excusable for readers of the original French edition, who may have been better able to guess their way through the Latin. It certainly not good enough for English readers; Latin is rarely taught in schools in English-speaking countries. Aggravating the difficulty, some of the untranslated Latin words are archaic forms which will not be found in small Latin-English dictionaries.
The quality of the English translation is poor sometimes, unlike most of the book which is written clearly, if pedantically. It seems as if either the translator Philip Krapp, or the author Dumézil (who revised Krapp's translation), naïvely tried to use English words which more closely resemble the original French. The choice of words in these few cases is startlingly awkward.
One of Dumézil's lasting contribution to the study of mythology is a detailed comparison of many early European religions to the Indian Vedas; greatly to his credit this is nolonger rare. In the more than 30 years since Dumézil published, most other authors have learned to do the same.
In "Archaic Roman Religion" Dumézil unfortunately has focused rather too much on "Three Functions" theory, and tries to shoe-horn Roman religion into that mold. He applies the theory convincingly to the first two functions (magic + government, and protection + conquest) but seems to fail with the third function (nourishment + fertility + prosperity). This idea that ancient peoples recognized exactly and only three distinct parts in their society and religion was probably overused by Dumézil, who wrote when it was newly gaining fashion. An equally astute mythographer would use the Three Functions theory more sparingly today. Or would conform the number of social divisions or functions to the beliefs and practices of the Romans' religion instead of conforming Roman beliefs to this modern notion.
It is true that the English version does the style of the original no favours - one must remember that the anthropologist Levy-Strauss, a man well able to judge, compared Dumezil's style to that of Voltaire: probably the highest compliment a French writer can pay to another. However, the whole is still eminently readable.
It demands, however, a certain kind of reader: one who does not mind being challenged, who does not mind being introduced to unknown and obscure facts, who has no need to be cradled in his or her own convinctions, and who does not mind a certain kind of pugnacity. For there is no doubt that Dumezil, this courtly old French gentleman with exquisite olde-worlde manners, who charmed almost everyone who came into contact with him - including myself - was a fighter. His presence in the academic world was a solitary and battling one; he once wrote to me that he utterly refused to become a "chef d'ecole" and form his own academic party (this is perhaps the reason why latter-day Dumezilians are numerically rather scarce and academically not too impressive). Certainly the bites he takes out of scholars with opposing views are merciless; but one has to say that he always fought fair and face to face, that he rarely attacked anyone who had not attacked him first (comparative Indo-European studies are still today a rather contentious field) and that he never would have considered sinking to the level of the famous historian who once organized a congress "about" Dumezil's own work, or rather against it, without so much as letting Dumezil or any of his friends know about it. Now that is indeed base.
Be that as it may, this book is a classic that will last as long as the work of Mommsen, or Tocqueville, or Gibbon. As an introduction to archaic Roman religion, as a systematic textbook, it may perhaps disappoint, since it neither covers all the main points systematically nor leaves out matters that interest the author but that are not, of themselves, equally important. But as an inspiration to further research, as an introduction to the idea that history is not a collection of data but an intellectual adventure, as an intellectual adventure in itself, it is magnificent. Twenty years after reading it for the first time, I went back to it, having, in the meantime, read, written and published myself about archaic Roman religion; and, guess what? Not only was the book as fresh as new, but I immediately found a whole series of new ideas and areas to develop, waiting for me to be ready to recognize them.
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