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Original review above was July 1998; Below added Jan 2003:
Hurrah! It's back in print! Get your copy before it disappears again!
I should have mentioned that, in addition to the fun of watching Wills dismantle the superstructure of liberalism, the book provides great pleasure through its style. Wills writes non-fiction better than most poets write sonnets.
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Evans met several truly historical figures. First and foremost was Patton. After the first day of the Battle of Arracourt, Patton visited Evans' command post to commend him on a job well done. That was just the first of many encounters with General Patton. After hostilities ceased in 1945, Evans was assigned to a Prisoner of War camp near Landshut, Germany. There, while interrogating prisoners, he briefly met General Vlasov, another larger-than-life individual. Vlasov was a former White Russian officer who was convinced (some say coerced) to help the Nazis against the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front. Later, in Switzerland, Evans was able to get a glimpse of a compound full of Nazi war criminals, most notable of whom was Herman Goering.
Evans was also fortunate to have been able to participate in the design, testing and eventual combat deployment of the M18 "Hellcat" tank destroyer. The United States Army found that its antitank capabilities were woefully inadequate against the masses of German armor, so a new tank destroyer was desired. Evans, along with a handful of other armor officers from various posts around the US, was invited to Detroit to the Buick Division of General Motors, to offer suggestions for the design of this new vehicle. There are precious few times in a soldier's career that he is given the opportunity to impact upon the equipment he will use in the performance of his duty. Evans and these other officers seized the moment and helped to design one of the most effective combat vehicles ever. In ju! st a few short months the M18 went from the drawing board to the maneuver field and then the European Theater of Opera tions.
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Chapter IV tells of being chased by a black hulled ship that flew no colors. They were able to outrun this ship, then lost it in the dark. Chapter V tells of the bad weather while rounding Cape Horn. They passed a whaler from Poughkeepsie NY. Chapter XIII gives his impressions of the Californians. RHD knew that local officials were appointed from the capital, but didn't ask if they controlled the local economy as a colony: produce raw material, buy finished goods. Chapter XVII tells how their captain, known for his flogging, could not hire any new seamen. Chapter XVIII tells of Easter celebration in California. The crews of Catholic vessels get about three more weeks of vacation in a year, and "Yankees don't keep Christmas". Chapter XXI tells more about California politics. Since the independence of Mexico the missions and their lands became the prey of administradores, and became diminished and decayed. RHD describes the lack of common law, and the private morality. It was a rich country waiting to be exploited.
Chapter XXIII tells of the advantages of a bigger ship over a smaller ship: more hands make lighter work. But a smaller lighter ship can catch a slight breeze that becalms a bigger ship. Chapter XXV tells how the heavy import taxes of Mexico are handled. A vessel puts in to declare a moderate cargo, then sells a large part. It then sails to another port; but on the way it gets other goods to replenish its cargo. RHD describes his visit to a whaleship, whose crew resembled fishermen and farmers. [Whalers got a share of the profits, not a wage.] The chapter ends with a description of a 3-day gale. Chapter XXIX tells of preparations to sail home: ballast is dumped, the ship sealed and fumigated to kill vermin. Then the hides are loaded, then steeved to pack in more. This hard work was fueled by a constant diet of fresh beef. Chapter XXX tells of the return trip by a shorthanded and inexperienced crew; they would round Cape Horn in the dead of winter, the worst possible time. Chapter XXXI tells of the sailor's need for rum or hot coffee in wintertime; and what it is like to have a tooth-ache at sea. Chapter XXXII describes the terrible times in the iceberg fields. Chapter XXXV tells of the haste to get home by keeping sails aloft. Scurvy had broken out on the ship due to no fresh provisions. They met a brig and got potatoes and onions for a cure.
The Concluding Chapter tells that drudgery and hardship is a sailor's life, not romantic fantasies. The captain must control everything, and be responsible for everything (mistreatment of seamen). Passengers on board (independent witnesses) result in better treatment of seamen. The lives of merchant seamen are shortened by a lack of sleep. RHD would not abolish flogging: most seamen are foreigners, the cast-offs of war vessels, and unknown to the captains. Force is needed to control them. Gradual improvement will correct this, he claims. RHD strongly objects to the practice of granting leniency to a convicted captain or officer because of previous good character, or a family to support. First, they don't know what it was like there, and this excuse is never granted to seamen! It is just a reward for class differences. Moral improvement is the seamen's best friend. RHD visited California 24 years later and writes about this in the last chapter.
The reason I liked this book so much was because of the way the author describes the setting. "It was more than a meadow. More than just hay. It was a wide, shallow valley between two rows of peaks. The haymeadow itself was four sections, but the whole valley was close to four miles across and nearly eight miles long and so beautiful, John thought, that it almost took his breath away." I could picture the haymeadow by the way the author describes it. I picture a beautiful valley surrounded by mountains and the grass rolling in the same direction. Everything is so beautiful and peaceful. I really enjoyed learning more about the haymeadow.
What I also liked about it was that included some love. This evened out the book so that it balanced. "One car with New York plates was full of tourists and there was a girl with long brown hair who got out with a camera and John felt a little shy but tipped his hat to her. She smiled back and waved and he felt himself blushing but was glad he'd done it anyway." John continues to think about that girl through the days in the haymeadow. I think he found his crush but he never admitted it to Cawley. Cawley saw everything and teased him about that day. John still hoped to see that girl once again.
My favorite part of the story was when the flood hits his trailer with all of his belongings. John ends up fishing his stuff out of the river. All of his shirts soaked and he lost many supplies. The labels of all the canned food flowed down steam so John ended up with having a mystery meal everyday. This is the part of the book with the most action. I think this was the best part because at one point I questioned if he would survive in the haymeadow after all this.
During his stay, John learns more about responsibility as he encounters may complicated tasks, and he also realizes that maybe sheep aren't so stupid after all. An outstanding book. Gary Paulsen does and exellent job of actually telling the reader what the character is really thinking.
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Chapter 6 is a very detailed treatment of IP addressing, the most useful discussion being the one on the in_ifinit function. This is followed by a discussion of the data structures used in domains and group protocols, with the IP initialization and transport multiplexing discussion being of particular interest to me.
The next 3 chapters give an overview of the IP layer, with IP packet structures and processing, option processing, and fragmentation and assembly all given detailed treatments. The performance issues involved in computing checksums and data copying are discussed also. The treatment of timeout processing by the function ip_slowtimo, which is very important from a modeling perspective, was given a thorough treatment.
ICMP is discussed in Chapter 11, with an extensive table included of the ICMP message types and codes. The discussion on error processing was particularly useful. This is followed in Chapter 12 by a survey on how IP multicasting is implemented along with Ethernet multicast addresses. A brief discussion of performance issues involved with Ethernet cards not supporting perfect filtering is given.
IGMP is then taken up in the next chapter, with a good discussion given of the virtual interface table in IP multicasting given in the next chapter. The authors carefully discuss the difference between physical interfaces and tunnels.
The most useful discussion in the book for me was the one on sockets in chapters 15, 16, and 17. The code for the socket data structure is given and a very detailed overview of socket system calls is given. The discussion of the listen and accept system calls is very helpful in understanding the process by which TCP sets up a connection. A full description is given of each macro and function involved in socket buffer allocation and manipulation.
Tree routing tables are discussed in chapters 18, 19, and 20, with emphasis on the structure of the radix tree routing tables used by packets, the interface functions between the kernel and the radix tree functions, and the routing sockets used to exchange routing messages. The discussion is extremely detailed, and the authors take great care in explaining the relevant data structures and function calls used.
ARP is discussed in Chapter 21, with a useful diagram given illustrating the relationship between ARP and routing tables and interface data structures. The structure of the ARP packet when transmitted on an Ethernet channel is shown in detail. Most interesting was the discussion on the algorithm used to avoid ARP flooding.
Protocol control blocks are discussed in the next chapter, with detailed treatments of binding, connecting, and demultiplexing. The handling of ICMP errors with the in_pcbnotify function is surveyed, with a detailed diagram summarizing how ICMP errors are processed.
The actual UDP implementation is discussed in Chapter 23, and the authors show how checksumming is done in this protocol. This is followed naturally by a discussion of the TCP implementation in the next 6 chapters. The reader can clearly see the difference in complexity between UDP and TCP in terms of the number of function calls and lines of code. A complete listing of the statistics used in the tcpstat data structure is given along with a listing of the SNMP variables used in tcp group. The TCP state transition diagram, familiar from Volume 1 by Stevens is given here also. The discussion of the seven TCP timers is very detailed and very helpful to those involved in the modeling of TCP performance. In particular the discussion of the tcp_xmit_timer function, which updates the smoothed RTT estimator and the smoothed mean deviation estimator, is very well written. Retransmission timeouts, the occurrence of which is so important in performance analysis and network troubleshooting, is given ample treatment also. Most interesting was the discussion on determining when a segment should be sent, via the tcp_output function. Also, the reassembly mechanism with the tcp_reass function is discussed in great detail. The reader who needs to be a TCP expert should take away a thorough understanding of it when completing these chapters.
The book ends with a fairly detailed treatment of the BSD Packet Filter and raw IP.
Noticeably missing of course, because of its age, is a discussion of the different versions of TCP/IP currently implemented in Windows 2000, Sun Solaris etc, which are slightly different. The reader will have to consult the Web or modern books to get an understanding of these implementations.
i started out trying to learn the basics of the ip stack,
insted this prompted me to buy vol 1 and 3 as well.