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This book has a slightly different focus. Rather than concentrating on what Zero Tolerance is and does, it seeks to place the crime figures and approaches to crime reduction in a broader context of community. The concept of community developed both in these pages and within a wider research agenda supposedly concerned with the development of a civil society in which the state plays a smaller and smaller role has a particular slant to it.
Zero Tolerance is the latest in a line of books from the Institute of Economic Affairs Health and Welfare Unit, now a free standing institute of it's own, CIVITAS, which postulate a decline in morals and behavious which result from a growing tendency in our society to becoming more individualsitic. The model of decency and good behaviour upon which this view is based is a rather idyllic view of the English working class family as portrayed by Norman Dennis in some of the earlier books of this series. Here it's scope is widened to incorporate views on how to tackle crime which involve the wider civil society. Policing in this view is both external and internal and the police forces themselves are seen as a legitimate part of the community, reinforcing the internal rules and moralities forged in the furnace of home and family. Headed preferably, of course, by working father, stay at home mother etc.
You will not find in this book any arguments about drugs save for the superior tone about how the use of drugs has grown in our society and is therefore bad. This cannot go unchallenged. In a passage devoted to the emphasis on education and development of working men's clubs and institutes the book praises them for their contribution to improving the moral fibre of those who participated. These clubs were segregated against women drinking in the public bar and fought hard to retain that position against equality laws and became more well known for the strong and cheap beers that they sold than for moral improvement. Their innate conservatism was a major contributor to why their customers deserted them and caused the closure of many in the North East of England. While the consumption of this legal drug is condoned, other recreational drugs are the cause of much petty crime. The book ignores the setting of the laws and blithley makes assertions about theft while ignoring the basic point that laws against drugs make them more attractive to the purchasers, more profitable to the suppliers and lead many who consume them to do things out of character in order to get their drugs. I could go on but this would be a book of it's own.
Zero Tolerance is a one sided book. It excludes any consideration of the diminishing role of the church in society as one of a number of relevant institutions, and it excludes any treatment of what changing structures in our society mean for those individuals who have previously been imprisoned by those structures, in particular, for women. The supposed golden age of the working class family is a modern myth, a sociological urban legend, which did not exist for many.
Ultimately, this is yet another attack on growing individualism in our society which begrudges any positive changes and which harkens back to an age which never really existed. The causes of crime run deeper than one parent families and tower blocks. The harsh reality today is that women are valued more by society than they were which is the real reason why female wage rates are increasing while male wages rates decline overall.
Perhaps we should be looking forward and not backward to see how a healthy individualist society might develop.
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The good parts about the book are the the exaustive research and the insight about the single minded drive Ray had to be the best at everythig he does. I agree with the above review that there was very little insight from Ray about what makes him tick. It seems obvious that Ray did not spend much time with the author. Perhaps read this and 'Brother Ray' to get his side of the Story.
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The title story is the creepy account of an asylum inmate forced to take drastic action in order to avoid electro-shock treatment.
"Selected Incidents," a tribute to Fitzgerald's Pat Hobby stories, is a pitch-perfect parody of a Hollywood picture producer.
"A Letter To A.A. (Almost Anybody)" is an alcoholic's confession that sets up like a Raymond Carver story and then delivers an ironic payoff that is straight out of Fredric Brown.
"Jake's Journal" is the first person account of an American serviceman who runs afoul of his superiors in the Phillipines and is exiled to a lonely airstrip in Tibet where he slowly goes mad.
"Just Like On Television" is a parody of one of Jack Webb's suspect interviews on the old "Dragnet" TV show. The entire story is told in a Q&A format between an interviewing detective and a discursive suspect.
"The Alectryomancer" is the story of a Caribbean conman who uses trained roosters to predict the future.
The back-cover copy calls Willeford's stories "almost Chekhovian." This is nonsense. His work can hold its own with the short fiction of Fredric Brown, Jack Finney, Richard Matheson, or Charles Beaumont, but there is nothing particularly deep or memorable about it. The stories are clever pieces of American pulp fiction circa 1960, but they are very much of their time and haven't aged particularly well.
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Willeford, best known for writing Miaimi Blues, is often dismissed as an occasionally interesting but otherwise unremarkable writer of pulp fiction. This dismissal manages to unfairly underrate both Willeford's talent and pulp fiction itself. While the melodrama was often sordid and over-the-top, pulp fiction -- especially in the years immediately following World War II -- often served to give voice to a darkened and, at times quite critical view of the American Dream then one might find in more "respectable" books. Often that is why, while most of the previous decades' best sellers have since faded into obscurity, the works of Mickey Spillane, Chester Himes, Jim Thompson, Richard Stark, and others have continued to be reissued and read. At the heart of the best pulp fiction was a universal fear of the future and an ongoing debate between human desires and human society. These are concepts that remain universal to readers spanning both time and location. These are also the concepts that Willeford deals with in The Machine In Ward Eleven.
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