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The Collected Poems of Odysseus Elytis published in 1997 is the first collection of the entire body of poetry of Elytis in any language, including Greek. The translations by Jeffrey Carson and Nikos Sarris do justice to the original poems, providing the reader with the same captivating lyricism and surreal imagery used by Elytis to give voice to the universally human consciousness.
The poetry of Elytis gained the attention of the Swedish Academy which announced in 1979 that Odysseus Elytis had been awarded the Nobel Prize in literature "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness."
Another honorable recognition was bestowed upon Elytis in 1964 when the renown Greek composer Mikis Theodorakis set Elytis' epic poem The Axion Esti to music and the resulting music and lyrics became so popular that today many Greeks know at least part of the song by heart. The Axion Esti was considered to be the poet's most ambitious poem and was described by the Swedish Academy as "one of twentieth century literature's most concentrated and ritually faceted poems". This poem recounts the world of Eros, including his battle against the darkness created by misunderstanding and hatred, his victory, and the ultimate justification and praise.
Elytis possessed an historical as well as a moral awareness that became a pivotal part of his poems and served as a counterweight to his deep and abiding love of the Aegean with all of its spectacular beauty. Elytis faced the prospect of his own human mortality as well as the manifestation of tragic human evil when he served with distinction at the Albanian front during the Second World War when the Greeks defeated the Mussolini's army in the first allied forces victory against the Axis. The horrors of that military campaign, followed by his brutal experiences with the Nazi occupation of Greece, a civil war and a military dictatorship, provided a significant catalyst for this gifted poet to continue to carry the literary torch in the tradition of Greece's best poetry which identified ideal beauty with moral good and truth.
The art, literature, philosophy and religion of pre-Classical Greece also greatly influenced the lifetime work of Elytis. In many of his poems, Elytis wrote about heroism in the context of the ancient hero upon whom risks, danger and even terror are thrust by Fate, after which the hero bravely confronts the challenge and is transformed by the experience. The hero, to whom the reader can relate from his own life's experiences, is given this opportunity for growth and development through the inevitable wounds, wisdom and willfulness that result from his encounter with Fate's challenge ... wounds that will heal and sculpt scars of remembrance; wisdom that is born of reflection, generosity of spirit and adherence to life's values; and willfulness of the inner strength of our spirit. A reader of his poetry cannot help seeing himself in many of these poems that at the same time serve to inspire and throw down the gauntlet.
I will always remember Elytis as the Poet of the Aegean Sea. He was born in 1911 and began writing poetry in 1929 in the Aegean islands. He later established himself as one of the leading voices of a generation of literary giants, including his fellow Nobel Laureate George Seferis and Yannis Ritsos. Unlike Seferis who spent a lifetime struggling against melancholy, Elytis is widely appreciated by his readers because he finds hope even in tragedy. His poetry clearly reflects his relentless search for the paradise that lives deeply within all of us and his conviction that the discovery of paradise is within our capability as well as our grasp. Elytis' poems celebrate the vitality and vibrancy of the Aegean landscape, the energies of man and his soul and the spirit of nature. He uses the power of language to link myth with history and to confront good and evil. His poetry clearly reflects his love of hope, freedom and the beauty that is in all.
This first collection of all the works of the great master is a must for anyone who endeavors to explore the Modern Greek culture and discover its representation of the universal human experience. This book has become a source of constant inspiration and discovery in our home.
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This is a scholarly book, and its very thoroughness makes it a rather dry and seemingly repetitive read. This is mainly because the same kinds of errors have been made or borrowed in all the studies--Greek, Hittite, Egyptian, Israelite, etc.--that James critiques. Still, it is an excellent reference work for anyone trying to understand where our studies of ancient history went wrong and where they need to be corrected.
When Niko Waesche started researching it in 1997 (primarily as a Ph.D. thesis at the London School of Economics) Internet entrepreneurship and venture financing were novel concepts in Europe, familiar only to a few initiated. Words such as "start-up" and "IPO" hadn't made the front pages yet. Things were to change extremely rapidly, with the Frankfurt technology stock market leading the charge, the media multiplying the noise, greed playing a key role, and the whole Internet economy in Europe experiencing a spectacular development. After the bubble exploded, there was much indifferentiated blame but Niko Waesche is pretty much the first to draw any policy conclusion.
Niko Waesche (whom I have known for several years) has been directly involved in much of this, as a venture capitalist in the UK and Germany and an influential newspaper columnist. This first-hand experience and a wealth of original information make for a remarkable analysis of Internet entrepreneurship in Europe.
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Kazantzakis was more than just a novelist: he was also an astute traveler and journalist. During the 1920s and '30s he traveled all over Europe, Asia, and North Africa working for various Greek newspapers. His articles are some refreshing journalism. Kazantzakis had a sharp eye and a keen ability to capture the "spiritual" essence of whatever it was he was writing about. What makes his writing so unique is that he's not just interested in retelling the bone-dry facts: he's also interested in the greater human, even "cosmic", significance of things -- above all, the importance and value of human agony, agony as a creative process. He constantly sought to depict the spiritual struggles of man, even if that "spirituality" amounted to no more than faith in man himself (as was the case in the Soviet Union). His interest in all this stuff can be pretty overplayed at times, even verging on mysticism (he compared Lenin to the Messiah once and in his introduction to this book he harps about some kind of "invisible cosmogonic Force" at work in Russia -- oooh!), but it's definitely a different way of looking at things.
Kazantzakis traveled through Russia on three trips between 1925 and 1929. He offers some uncharacteristically optimistic insights into what was going on in Russia just before Stalin let loose his horrors in the 1930s. Kazantzakis is unlike most other serious writers about Russia at the time in that he refuses to lose faith in the ultimate redemptive value of the Russian Revolution: he doesn't bail out on the Revolution just because things aren't going perfectly.
Still, Kazantzakis IS capable of criticising the Communists. For example, he praises the Revolution for making a place for the Jews in the new Russia, but then, at the end of the chapter, does a deft about-face, prophesying that, as so often in their history, disaster will eventually befall them: "A class that until now has known only oppression and injustice is rising and wants to be free. [In Russia] many great scientists, philosophers, economists, journalists, men of action, are Jews. How long will this intellectual dominance of theirs prevail? Just as long as the transitory period through which we are passing. One day they asked the Jewish economist, Rathenau, 'What will be the consequences of Russian communism?' 'A terrible massacre of the Jews,' he answered." And Kazantzakis proved to be right.
Some of these articles are less interesting than others and Kazantzakis' annoying habit of cramming way too much mysticism into the book detracts from it, but overall this is a great read. 4 stars.
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I think that by reading this book we can not stay silence anymore against the lies in our world.
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The authors seem to continually have an ax to grind, to the extent that it detracts from the good ideas they do have. I don't recall having seen so many political opinions in a technical book in a long time: it appears that no other author or researcher has ever done anything right! It seems to me that they want to rename a bunch of database concepts just for the sake of having their own names on them.
Most readers are probably better off to keep their money.
This book is not for the faint-hearted. Its approach is quite rigorous and abstract. In order to comprehend this book in any meaningful fashion, the reader will have to develop an understanding of predicate calculus, which is a specialized version of set theory and its logic. Previous exposure to "Foundation for Object/Relational Databases: The Third Manifesto," by Date and Darwen, is highly recommended. While their approach is necessary, it does entail endless dry proofs of the prerequisite material needed to develop a general theory of temporal data. The authors leave few issues not covered in an effort to present a fully rigorous analysis of the issues. The book practically begs for a companion book to present a simplified summary of their findings and to contrast them with current data warehouse practices.
The book begins with a review of relational concepts and an introduction to Tutorial D, which was first presented in "The Third Manifesto." The authors then develop a theory of time in the database, which is based on earlier work by Lorentzos. Their approach is to create a new data type for timestamped data and, more importantly, for intervals of time. After developing a relational model for these temporal constructs, they propose a generic design for current, historical and current and historical databases using the Supplier-Parts Database which readers will likely have been exposed to in previous writings by Date. They develop methods to implement integrity constraints, queries and updates, and make a valid comparison between stated times, which are beliefs about the data, and logged times, which are facts the database records about these beliefs. Since our beliefs about time can change, this is an important distinction.
The overall approach is to develop a model of data which is highly related to an audit trail, which should be viewed distinctly from the concept of a database transaction log. Unfortunately, in order to implement the model, an interval timestamp is required for every attribute, and historical data must be presented in the Sixth Normal Form, which they introduce as a decomposition of each historical record into a relation for each data attribute, with its associated timestamp.
While their approach is entirely correct, realization of their ideas would be a prohibitive task in current databases. A database that provided an automated construction of current and historical values would be necessary to implement their model in a consistent and economical fashion. Their solution is in many ways radically different than the typical "Facts and Dimensions" approach of star-schema data warehouses which are the most popular current tool for the analysis of historical data. The utility of the dimensional "slice and dice" approach to data analysis is beyond doubt, and the authors would need to provide some mechanism to allow for this type of analysis to be performed under their alternative approach in order for a commercial database vendor to consider supporting their propositions.
Still, there is much original insight to be gleaned from the author's analyses which will reward anyone who has the talent and perseverance to thoroughly read this book. I especially like the way in which the book provides an integrated means of analysis for current and historical data. Far too many other authors in the data warehouse literature have ignored at their own peril the undeniable link between transactional and analytic data. I can only hope that database vendors are sufficiently inspired by this book to implement their eminently reasonable and logically correct answers to the questions of temporal data.
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Not to knock this work, because how else is the estate going to capture a decent return on investment unless they target a wider English speaking audience?
Yes I speak Greek. No I did not read the book. Poetry is not my thing.