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"Do you know what "the" truth is? That there is none. There being none means that everything is."-From Chapter 12, which is entitled "Nothing But Truth".
"You are the only creation that is directly of God. Everything else you have created by thinking and feeling it into being."-From Chapter 8, which is entitled "Creation and Evolution".
"The more you love yourself, the more your brain is opened up. Then you are becoming more than your body. You are becoming that which holds you together."-From Chapter 19, which is entitled "Opening the Mind".
"You have the ability to know all that is, for everything there is to know is in the Great Consciousness of God, and the Mind of God beats like a heart to pump it to you."-From Chapter 17, which is entitled "The Science of Knowing."
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A complete review is published in CERN Courier, May 2000
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Although this book is truly wonderful, I would not recommend reading it as an introduction to QFT. This book is simply too intense and profound for the uninitiated. Instead, I would recommend as a first introduction Ryder's fine text, which yields enough insights to give the reader a taste of the ideas behing QFT but not so many that the reader is overwhelmed at first, followed by Peskin-Schroeder, which gives the student all of the tools that he/she will need for almost any QFT calculation.
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Which "3 minutes"? It is a true curiosity: General Relativity was invented to eliminate an absolute Newtonian concept of time from physics. But now, in the most ultra-relativistic situation one can imagine, Weingerg's physics is just back with the concept of absolute time - or better to say - any external time, because the concept of time is physically completely undefined by these cosmologists.
But there are also fundamental questions about Weinberg's interpretation of another underlying theory - quantum mechanics. Another paradox: Weinberg obviously believes that quantum wave functions are some real physically existing objects, and also that probabilities are physically real. But this is definitely not the view of Quantum Mechanics of Bohr, Heisenberg or Schroedinger, who recognized and emphasized that quantum probabilities are just representations of our incomplete information. In similar misleading way Weinberg also struggles with another intrinsically probabilistic theory - Statistical Thermodynamics, and associated Second Law. This makes for Weinberg extremely cumbersome to make the time-origin (singularity) compatible with the Maximum Entropy Principle, to avoid a "heat death" paradox in "his" universe, to define a physically meaningful time near his singularity by entropy, etc.
Concerning the Big Bang and three notorious arguments of its believers: (1) A strong link between the Red Shift and Doppler effect, supposed also by Weinberg, is still very uncertain; some other natural explanations exist in physical literature and has only been ignored, but still never refuted by any serious analysis; (2) Planck's black-body radiation law can hardly be used for any decisions between prospective geometries of the universe, as the same law is resulting for different geometries of the universe; (3) Arguments from particle physics are highly circular, because they actually presume the cosmological model to be proven.
But there are perhaps even more fundamental questions about the Big Bang hypothesis, e.g. its elementary clashes with thermodynamics and information theory, never mentioned by (and maybe unknown to) Prof. Weinberg and the Big-bang camp.
In summary, the whole cosmological narrative of Prof. Weinberg might be still closer to a fairytail than to science, and even his interpretations of basic underlying theories (quantum physics, general relativity, statistical thermodynamics) are highly questionable or even misleading. For creationists and people with some religious philosophy (which is also Prof. Weinberg's case) the Big-Bang narrative might be appealing, but definitely not all competent scientists necessarily see things this way. In my opinion, this is not emphasized enough in this highly speculative and physically somewhat too-fast book.
The text is clear and, considering the subject matter, amazingly brief. The author does not dummy down the mathematics too much either, which is a fault of some books written for laymen. On the other hand, he also doesn't overwhelm the reader with mathematics either. He wisely chooses to include a mathematics appendix and lets you either explore the math or not.
Quantum mechanics and general relatively are not particularly "intuitive" topics, so any beginning reader is going to have to read this slowly, carefully, and with some patience. But the book is as clear and open to lay people as I've yet encountered.
And, frankly, I think any educated lay person should have a BASIC understanding of the principles in this book. For the curious, this is a great place to start. And even if you've been through the "story" before, this book is great for reinforcing the story of the birth of the universe in a concise, holistic layout.
The First Three Minutes is an unusual book in astronomy / cosmology because it is now over 20 years old & yet it is STILL one of the classics of the "story" of the universe for the layman & non-expert. The book takes us on an exhilerating journey all the way back to the Plank epoch (10^-43 seconds after the Big Bang). Weinberg also deals with Einstein's theory of Relativity (which predicted the Big Bang), the Hubble Red Shift (the discovery that the universe is expanding) as well as the detection of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) in the 1960's by Ralph Wilson and Arno Penzias. All three of these factors, plus numerous other details all form the foundation for the way most scientists think about our universe (presently known as the Big Bang theory).
One of the things about Weinberg that I admire is that, like Carl Sagan, he concedes that he MIGHT be wrong, but that what he has to work with is the best paradigm available. This is brutally honest & also quite a refreshing approach. I tire quickly of reading science books that are written by individuals who are so conceited as to believe they know everything there is to know. One certainly does not have to worry about that type of arrogance with Weinberg.
So, if you even have a passing interest in cosmology, I would HIGHLY recommend this book. The book may be especially appealing to many people as it is 150 pages in & out (anyone who has ever browsed the science shelf at their local bookstore can readily see that there have been far longer books written on this topic). But oh, what a plethora of info that Weinberg furnishes in those 150 pages!
All in all, this is a very readable book which deals with a quite recondite topic.
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In the essay, "Confronting O'Brien" (that's the O'Brien of Orwell's 1984), Weinberg makes it clear where he stands on the possibility of two plus two equaling five, or on the so-called "strong" social constructionist view of scientific knowledge. He writes that while "there is no such thing as a clear and universal scientific method", nonetheless, "under the general heading of scientific method" there is "a commitment to reason...and a deference to observation and experiment," and "Above all...a respect for reality as something outside ourselves, that we explore but do not create." (p. 43)
In the chapter, "The Non-Revolution of Thomas Kuhn," Weinberg writes that "the task of science is to bring us closer and closer to objective truth." It is here that I demur. I think it would be better to say that science more and more allows us to better manipulate the environment to our advantage (or disadvantage!) and to see further into that environment--to smaller phenomena, more distant objects, and more clearly into the past and the present--rather than to speak of "objective truth," which in this context is little different from "ultimate truth," or a "final theory of everything." The dream of "objective truth" is the dream of religion and is anathema to Weinberg's sentiments elsewhere in the book. Note, however, that he carefully writes, "closer and closer to objective truth." That's a nice qualification, but I think he should have qualified the notion of "objective truth" as well.
But Prof. Weinberg is not without the means for having fun with his listeners and readers. He writes on page 87 from a talk to the National Association of Scholars about the scientific method, that "There is one philosophic principle that I find of use here...[that] there is a kind of zing--to use the best word I can think of--that is quite unmistakable when real scientific progress is being made." Clearly he is playing with the notion of a "philosophic" principle. Indeed, on the last page of the book he confesses, "I don't believe it is actually possible to prove anything about most of the things (apart from mathematical logic) that they [philosophers] argue about."
Proving that he is not hopelessly locked into a finite but unbounded universe, he notes several times in the book that the universe may be infinite; indeed one of the chapters is entitled, "Before the Big Bang." He also writes, "Chaotic inflation has in a sense revived the idea of a steady state theory in a grander form; our own Big Bang may be just one episode in a much larger universe that on average never changes." (pp. 176-177)
Weinberg's sense of humor is rather dry. While scolding journalists for writing that the Big Bang theory is unraveling, he observes (p. 175), "Journalists generally have no bias toward one cosmological theory or another, but many have a natural preference for excitement." Or, his take off on Kuhn's repeated and grandiose use of the word "paradigm" (after noting a paradigm shift from Aristotelian to Newtonian physics): "Now that really Also: "Any possible universe could be explained as the work of some sort of designer. Even a universe that is completely chaotic...could be supposed to have been designed by an idiot." (p. 232) Or (same page), "The human mind remains extraordinarily difficult to understand, but so is the weather." Weinberg's critique of religion takes no prisoners. He writes (p. 241), "...on balance the moral influence of religion has been awful." He adds, "With or without religion, good people can behave well and bad people can do evil; but for good people to do evil--that takes religion." (p. 242) He got a lot of flak for that, but considering the situation in the Middle East, his words seem prescient, although he was merely glancing back at history. My favorite essays are the ones on the argument from design, the critique of Thomas Kuhn's thought, and the chapter on utopias. In the first he makes a neat distinction between anthropic reasoning that is "mystical mumbo jumbo," and that which is "just common sense." (p. 238) In the latter, while denigrating the prospect of a technological utopia, he writes that a world without work, a world in which people instead pursue the arts, science, etc., would be unsatisfactory (actually he mentions "general misery") because "there is only so much new literature...only so much new music," etc. to see and hear, and with so much competition, our work would get but scant notice. I really didn't understand this because people will make work where there is none, even if it is only working on their psyches and those of their friends, their bodies, etc. And besides, where is the end of exploring and of learning? Furthermore, the real joy is in the doing, not in the being noticed. Perhaps this reveals part of Steven Weinberg's personality to us. He is a man who has done the very best work while being noticed at the highest level. What he writes is very much worth our time and consideration.
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