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Walker's poems are written in a clear, smooth, often striking language. Some standout pieces are as follows. "African Images": a sequence of 45 haiku-like stanzas. "Karamojans": an ironic and tragic portrait of the "proud people" of the title. The title poem: illuminates the ugliness of American racism and the beauty of those who stand against it. "Compulsory Chapel": shows a welcome touch of dry humor. "Mornings / of an impossible love": a sequence of prose poems. "Johann": a striking, visually evocative poem that explores the possibility of interracial love.
I have great admiration for Walker's skill as a novelist and essayist. "Once" shows her to also be a poet of sensitivity and grace.
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I believe that this book has positively contributed to the literary world because it gives people a sad, but heart- warming story through the eyes of an African American girl. It gave me a clear understanding of what African women went through and how people then and even people today are taken advantage of every day. It made me feel sympathetic towards people who cannot live their life without feeling security, love, hope and equality. It makes me always think never to take advantage of the treasures that I have in my life because there are people less ortunate than me in the world. Those are my thouhts to why it would be a positive contribution to the literary world. It had a great impact on myself and belive the story will impact every reader in some way, shape, or form.
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This is what captured my attention when I read this play.It is very profound to realize the fact that Shakespeare uses Iago to set this stage on which Othello is a mere player.
I love the character of Iago. His total confidence, the superiority that he feels when psychoanalysing human nature, his rational thinking and intellectualism sways the reader to think: 'Wow, this is a compelling and sophisticated man we're dealing with here!'
However, my admiration of Iago does not in anyway undermine my love of Othello. His poetic and calm demeanor makes the reader feel the pity and terror for him when he falls from grace (catharsis). Yet, we are made to understand that the reason why he is made to appear a gullible and ignorant fool to some readers is that he does not have any knowledge of a delicate, domesticated life. Venetian women were foreign to him. This tragic flaw in Othello added to the circumstances used by Iago to destroy him.
The meaning, and hence the tragedy of the play is conveyed through the use of Shakespeare's language, style, literary devices and imagery. Without these dramatic effects, readers would never be able to enjoy the play as much, although the dialogue is at times difficult to decipher.
I thoroughly enjoyed Othello and it is my hope that more people find it enticing as I have. I would be delighted to contribute more of my reviews to that effect.
Othello's problems begin when he promotes one of his soldiers, Michael Cassio as his lieutenant. This arouses the jealousy and hatred of one of his other soldiers, Iago who hatches a plot to destroy Othello and Michael Cassio. When Cassio injures an opponent in a fight he is rebuked, punished, and subsequently ignored by Othello who must discipline him and teach him a lesson. Iago convinces Desdemona to intervene on Cassio's behalf and then begins to convince Othello that Desdemona is in love with Cassio.
This is actually one of the most difficult Shakespeare plays to watch because the audience sees the plot begin to unfold and is tormented by Othello's gradual decent into Iago's trap. As with other Shakespeare plays, the critical components of this one are revealed by language. When Othello is eventually convinced of Cassio's treachery, he condemns him and promotes Iago in his place. When Othello tells Iago that he has made him his lieutenant, Iago responds with the chilling line, "I am thine forever". To Othello this is a simple affirmation of loyalty, but to the audience, this phrase contains a double meaning. With these words, Iago indicates that the promotion does not provide him with sufficient satisfaction and that he will continue to torment and destroy Othello. It is his murderous intentions, not his loyal service that will be with Othello forever.
Iago's promotion provides him with closer proximity to Othello and provides him with more of his victim's trust. From here Iago is easily able to persuade Othello of Desdemona's purported infidelity. Soon Othello begins to confront Desdemona who naturally protests her innocence. In another revealing statement, Othello demands that Desdemona give him "the ocular proof". Like Iago's earlier statement, this one contains a double meaning that is not apparent to the recipient but that is very clear to the audience who understands the true origin of Othello's jealousy. Othello's jealousy is an invisible enemy and it is also based on events that never took place. How can Desdemona give Othello visual evidence of her innocence if her guilt is predicated on accusations that have no true shape or form? She can't. Othello is asking Desdemona to do the impossible, which means that her subsequent murder is only a matter of course.
I know that to a lot of young people this play must seem dreadfully boring and meaningless. One thing you can keep in mind is that the audience in Shakespeare's time did not have the benefit of cool things such as movies, and videos. The downside of this is that Shakespeare's plays are not visually stimulating to an audience accustomed to today's entertainment media. But the upside is that since Shakespeare had to tell a complex story with simple tools, he relied heavily on an imaginative use of language and symbols. Think of what it meant to an all White audience in a very prejudiced time to have a Black man at the center of a play. That character really stood out-almost like an island. He was vulnerable and exposed to attitudes that he could not perceive directly but which he must have sensed in some way.
Shakespeare set this play in two locations, Italy and Cypress. To an Elizabethan audience, Italy represented an exotic place that was the crossroads of many different civilizations. It was the one place where a Black man could conceivably hold a position of authority. Remember that Othello is a mercenary leader. He doesn't command a standing army and doesn't belong to any country. He is referred to as "the Moor" which means he could be from any part of the Arab world from Southern Spain to Indonesia. He has no institutional or national identity but is almost referred to as a phenomenon. (For all the criticism he has received in this department, Shakespeare was extrordinarlily attuned to racism and in this sense he was well ahead of his time.) Othello's subsequent commission as the Military Governor of Cypress dispatches him to an even more remote and isolated location. The man who stands out like an island is sent to an island. His exposure and vulnerability are doubled just as a jealous and murderous psychopath decides to destroy him.
Iago is probably the only one of Shakespeare's villains who is evil in a clinical sense rather than a human one. In Kind Lear, Edmund the bastard hatches a murderous plot out of jealousy that is similar to Iago's. But unlike Iago, he expresses remorse and attempts some form of restitution at the end of the play. In the Histories, characters like Richard III behave in a murderous fashion, but within the extreme, political environment in which they operate, we can understand their motives even if we don't agree with them. Iago, however, is a different animal. His motives are understandable up to the point in which he destroys Michael Cassio but then they spin off into an inexplicable orbit of their own. Some have suggested that Iago is sexually attracted to Othello, which (if its true) adds another meaning to the phrase "I am thine forever". But even if we buy the argument that Iago is a murderous homosexual, this still doesn't explain why he must destroy Othello. Oscar Wilde once wrote very beautifully of the destructive impact a person can willfully or unwittingly have on a lover ("for each man kills the things he loves") but this is not born out in the play. Instead, Shakespeare introduces us to a new literary character-a person motivated by inexplicable evil that is an entity in itself. One of the great ironies of this play is that Othello is a character of tragically visible proportions while Iago is one with lethally invisible ones.
It has been millennia after millennia of words from the man's point of view. And not only have they been men's words, they have been White men's words. Word's from men who see an Almighty and Powerful God. Almighty and powerful being the very words that have beaten humanity to its knees. Words that have taken love for Spirit and turned us into God fearing and frighten people. Words that have spoken of women as evil, and weak and sinful in their body, mind and soul.
Women of all colors and cultures have been listening to the voices of the patriarchy telling them and telling men as well, that we have so much to correct about ourselves.
Rev June Gatlin heals those wounds with her choice of words. I felt as though her words where the healing caresses I needed after living a life trying so hard to live up to His expectations. I witness woman of every race and culture trying to live up to the words of the Patriarchy. We are told that many things about being in the female body is sinful and should be hidden. Words and meanings passed down from generation to generation telling women that they are weak and must strive to conquer all that their bodies represent.
As an Interfaith Minister and Interfaith Priestess, I work very hard at healing the many women who come across my path. Women who bare the burden of not really being made in His Image. Reverent June Gatlin lets them know that they are created as beautiful creatures. She tells Us that Divine Spirit" is your Mother Nurturer:Mystical. Omnipresence. Teacher. Healer. Endearing/Endurance. Your Refuge. Spirit is your Isness: Inspiration/Integrity. Sacredness. Nature. Essence. Sanctity. Stability." , "Spirit is eternal breath." and "Spirit is God. God is Spirit. One and same. God is your Originator, Giver of your breathing." and " Breathe Sister, breathe "
Her words heal because they intertwine Spirit/Divinity and God in such a way, that we are no longer separated from God, but instead are a part of Him created in the intention of pure love.
For anyone walking a Spiritual Path this book uplifts women to their proper place within Divinity. In reading June Gatlin's words a woman can feel her self worth as Divinely beautiful second to none.
I applaud June Gatlin for incorporating a feminist point of view without trashing any gender, race or culture. I applaud Reverend June for her courage to speak out and dare to make the Almighty and Powerful also a Loving and Giving and Nurturing God.
Thank you June Gatlin, for giving us Our Sacredness back. Thank you for telling us we are whole and complete.
I wait for more words from her to continue on the joyous journey of remembering where we came from and who we are.