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From the start of the Cuban Revolution, the British Government backed the US Government's attempts to interfere in Cuba's internal affairs and to overthrow its Government. Prime Minister Harold Macmillan wrote to President Eisenhower in July 1960, "I feel sure Castro has to be got rid of, but it is a tricky operation for you to contrive, and I only hope you will succeed." After the US Embassy left Cuba, the British Embassy provided the Pentagon and the CIA with most of their information about Cuban affairs. Throughout the crisis, Kennedy treated the British Government as a satellite, not an ally. At every turn, he at best informed Macmillan of what he had already decided. In return, Macmillan supported every US move, putting a misplaced, and unreciprocated, loyalty to the US Government above every other consideration.
When Krushchev rashly sent the nuclear missiles to Cuba, Kennedy unilaterally decided to impose a blockade on Cuba. This was an undeclared act of war. Britain's Lord Chancellor, Lord Dilhorne, said bluntly, "the United States' conduct is not in conformity with international law." Then Kennedy imposed a world-wide nuclear alert on US forces without consulting his NATO allies, in breach of Article 4 of the NATO Treaty. When Krushchev weakly withdrew the missiles, without consulting Castro, Macmillan servilely applauded Kennedy.
Scott concludes, "The central diplomatic lesson of the crisis for Britain was that the price of access in Washington was loss of political independence. Such access did not of itself guarantee influence." Access without influence or independence is what a footman has! So much for the 'special relationship'. Loss of sovereignty is never a price worth paying.
Will Podmore
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#1: short book, (you know how intimidating those tomes can be)
#2: lots of diagrams
#3: end-of-chapter questions (with answers & explanations)
If you want to understand the Kidney, no matter where you are in your studies or practice, I wholeheartedly recommend this text.