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The "lecture" is a tale of young people who visit an old, blind wise woman. They come with a mocking question emblematic of those whose pleasure is the discomfiture of others. Their question "Is the bird we have alive or dead?" tells her their souls are distressed. Yet she refuses to mock their condition and tells them a powerful truth. "The bird is in your hands, you know if it is alive or dead."
They respond that there is no bird and that her reply burns their hearts. She helps them to understand that there IS a bird.
The bird may be taken to be a mind, a soul, a life. It is symptomatic of the malaise of the '90s that people lack the courage to be accountable for their minds, souls and lives. To find the courage to inspect one's OWN life, to imagine how OTHERS might feel, is to unearth one's own intelligence and determination. Soul-enriching external social and internal spiritual connections are the treasure found in the discovery of the "bird."
It does not matter if there is no bird as a physical being. There is content in a spirit that always requires courage, intelligence and imagination to nurture. The act of inward seeing, the courage to face uncertainty and the willingness to experiment in the presence of others who may or may not understand you is the "bird" that will stay alive in the mind. The act of understanding in communion with others ensures a realm where souls may feel trust.
At the end of the tale, the old woman and her visitors have made a journey on which they found the "bird' and created a a comforting bond among themselves. That they might be "slaves" or "free" is irrelevant: their human condition allows them the conjoined energy to imagine and to create.
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The Story of 'Jazz': Toni Morrison's Dialogic Imagination, is a worthy sequel to Justine Tally's previous monograph on Toni Morrison's 'Paradise'. With refreshing clarity Tally discusses structure, theme, and the intricate subtleties of Morrison's literary discourse in this novel, without ever losing sight of her main hypothesis, i. e. that 'Jazz', though set in the Harlem of the 1920s, is not primarily a book about African American music or the Harlem Renaissance, but rather one about story-telling itself, about how our knowledge of events is created, changed, received, and (mis)understood. Mikhail Bakhtin's ideas about the 'dialogic imagination' in literature serve as congenial theoretical tools for this analysis. In fact, Tally's use of Bakhtin's theories is one of the most convincing and illuminating applications of Bakhtinian thought one can find in the fields of literary criticism. On the side, Tally also makes readers aware of the affinities of 'Jazz' to the 'hard-boiled' detective novels of Raymond Chandler, whose laconic style and implicit social criticism Morrison employs but also subverts in the second novel of her trilogy. At the end, the narrator has no definite story but rather acknowledges the importance of the dialogic nature of language and its consequent shaping of our perception; this includes the recognition that the "self" can only be formed and perceived through the "other." The story of 'Jazz' is ultimately the story of the relationship of language to the conceptualization of the self. For Morrison as for Bakhtin, "[a]n independent, responsible and active discourse is the fundamental indicator of an ethical, legal and political human being."
A very rewarding read, highly recommended for everyone who is interested in literature and stimulating scholarly criticism.
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This juvenile biography of Morrison by Amy Robin Jones tells us about the life of one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Morrison was born Chloe Wofford in the suburbs of Cleveland, so that her experience of racism growing up was that of the more subtle but no less hateful Northern variety. In college Morrison studied the work of William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf, developing her belief that writing should be beautiful and simple. Morrison taught black culture and politics at Howard University before becoming a senior editor at Random House in 1967. Three years later her first novel was published. Eventually, after 20 years as an editor, Morrison returned to teaching becoming a professor at Princeton University.
Students will find it interesting to learn the path Morrison took to becoming a writer. Of course, teachers and parents will need to provide some guidance for young readers who want to read one of Morrison's novels after reading about her life, because they really should not begin with "Beloved," even if it is the best known. Morrison is a writer where going through her works chronologically has greater value than most, so "The Bluest Eye" would be my recommendation. This is another excellent volume in the Journey to Freedom series, which seeks to educate students about the achievements and contributions of noted African Americans. I would also recommend the book on Maya Angelou from this series as well.
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