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Graves's basic premise is that the "Tuatha De Danaan" of the British Isles were really displaced Greeks, who encoded within their mystical alphabet secret lore from Greek and Hebrew mythology. The code in its entirety supposedly adds up to a poem about the Goddess. But as interesting as I find Graves's ideas, his text is sometimes impossible to fathom. He has a bad case of literary ADD. He'll start examining something in Welsh myth, for example, and if he can't find the evidence he wants in Welsh material, he'll fire up his warp drive and zoom off to Greece or Phoenicia or Israel, often leaving the reader behind in a cloud of dust and wondering what on earth just happened. Or, if he can't find a source for his ideas _anywhere_, he'll look at an existing source and say it must be corrupted by the patriarchy and _should_ say something else entirely. And he tends to state wild guesses with the same certainty accorded to historical facts. Since he doesn't have a bibliography, I can't look and see which of his statements came from his source material and which from his imagination. I don't think I have a hope of truly grokking this book until, at some point in the nebulous and improbable future, I become as well-read as the author himself.
I am glad I read this book, especially since it showed me where many modern pagan authors got their ideas. (For example, now I know why neo-pagan writers talk of Badb's cauldron, though it never seems to be mentioned in primary sources...it's because Graves translates "Badb" as "boiling" and conjectures that the name refers to the cauldron of Cerridwen and/or Bran. I also know now how Cerridwen's cauldron first became conflated with Bran's.) But it still fried my brain. I don't see myself throwing this book out or anything--what is more likely is that it'll become the "annotated edition", and that I'll stuff notes between the pages every time I read something that makes more sense out of Graves's ramblings. Worth reading, but don't feel dumb if you have trouble following it.
When "Goddess" first appeared in the late 1940's it was a groundbreaking work; for lack of a better definition it is a book on cultural anthropolgy written by a poet, who felt that as a a poet and a man who understood the inner motivation of the poet he would give his views on the Muse and her invocation. The book covers a lot of territory, sprawling across civilization from the Greeks to the Celts, and from the three forms of the Muse to the Fisher King to the Ogham alphabet. It wanders so far that it's hard to keep up with Mr. Graves as he gallops across centuries and over distances. For those of us used to Mr. Graves' usual tight control of his material and its presentation, it's difficult to deal with how he jumps from subject to subject with little or no notice.
I'm almost tempted to say that this is Mr. Graves' version of "Finnegan's Wake", only in a non-fictional form. It certainly is his encomium to the White Goddess, whom he identifies as the original Muse of all poets, including himself. There's enough to think about for years in this book, and neo-pagan movements may be described as having largely started based on the thoughts provoked by this book.
But Graves was a poet, not a social scientist, and in the last fifty years many of his observations have been proven to be wrong. This in itself is not so surprising, nor is it really such a bad thing; the real problem is the amount of emotional residue that those ideas left in their wake. Graves makes some observations that some would find offensive now, such as his allegation that women can't be real poets - they have no Muse to appeal to, the White Goddess only wants the worship of males. He makes a possible exception of Sappho, for what it's worth.
In short, "Goddess" still deserves to be read - it's a good, albeit exhausting read, and Graves is always worth reading - but it would be a mistake to pick up his ideas and run with them.
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True, it does not have Alethea Hayter's introduction, like the Penguin edition has; that being a point in that one's favour. But here you -also- get the entire -Suspiria de Profundis-, which is in many ways more beautiful and interesting than the Opium Eater itself. -Levana and Our Ladies of Sorrow- must surely be the single greatest prose poem ever written in English.
The -Suspiria- was intended as a sequel to the -Opium Eater-, and those who enjoy the one will want them both.