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But dogmatic religion is one thing. The belief that the universe was intelligently designed, but not necessarily by the god of religion, is something else. Arguments for Intelligent Design are presented by believers, and rebutted by scientists.
Why is belief in religion so much higher among the less educated, and so much lower among natural scientists? More than one author offers a credible answer.
Other books have considered the question of whether science and religion are compatible, but never so effectively. While "Science and Religion" will not cure incurables, it will give the pragmatically religious something to think about. Buy it or borrow it, but read it.
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More directly, I found the essays in this book to be a useful and ironic commentary on the past generation's confusion, and the amnesia about modernism its detractors need to repropose a new social conditioning. While I would find the skeptical humanism proposed not quite to my taste and too limited to withstand the predestigators now at work, and a bit underpowered in the flood of substitute sugars flooding the market, its basic gist confronts the postmodern entropies with quite a direct dialectical 'quo vadis'.
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This posthumous collection of essays contains Hook's reflections on a range of public policy questions, from an essay on euthanasia (which, while I do not agree with his conclusion, is a most moving account of his closeness to death) to a characteristically robust defence of the western enlightenment tradition against the educational obscurantists who would misunderstand it as 'eurocentric' and 'imperialist'. What shines through the book - especially in a gem of an essay in which he patiently explains to the pseudo-historian Howard Zinn why an imperfect liberal democracy has immeasurably great merits that are worth defending - is Hook's belief in the power of human reason applied to human affairs, tempered by his insistence on the necessity of constitutional government to protect us from the arbitrary power of totalitarian ideologies. A fine testament to a great man.
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Professor Kurtz comprehensively explores every branch and cranney of how we can reliably know what is what. And does it so very throughly that this book could very well serve as a college or seminary text book on epistemology. He does not limit the inquiry to the standard religious conumdrums, but covers also the limits of science; political doctrines such as 'all men created equal'; and how bolsivick Markism with it's dictatorial impositions, differed from Karl Mark's democratic values and objectives, though both had the same outcome of yielding impoverishment and loss of freedom instead of prosperity.
College debate teams could benefit greatly by reading this book to find ammunition against dogmatic assertions. Churchmen seriously interested in questions about faith will find it useful without equal, so far as I know. As for rating The New Skepticism I give it a five star rank only because there is not a higher level in the scale since it deserves more stars.. It is top quality scholarship, believe it. Prof Kurtz anticipates every possible pro and every possible con. Saving a reader a lifetime of floundering on his own while searching for what knowledge is reliable.
The text is divided into four main sections. Part one reviws skepticism of the past starting with classical Greeks, through Renaissance and Reformatin, Descartes and Hume and continues with modern Pragmatism and post-modern critics.
Part two covers "Inquiry and Objectivity", finding that classical skepticism is no longer viable. " Beliefs should in principal be considered to be hypotheses, that is, they should not be taken as final or absolutely fixed or beyond revision or modification. Hypotheses should be viewed as working idas or proposals that need verification." " A theist saying that 'God exists' is makinfg a factual claim which by defination is non-factual in that God exceeds the category of observable fact." Failed systems include the 'big-bang theory, the teological arguement, and the question of whether or not there is evil.
Part three involves how people usually come to have their unreasonable beliefs. Most people are bred to a religion , not converted to a creed or doctrine. For most people, a belief does not have to be tru in order to be believed. There are so very many examples in history, including, flying saucers, that they constitute the very fabric of existence. Weare all trapped in our cultural heritage. What ought to be cannot be deducd from what is. But Prof. Kurtz finds that thought alone cannot and should not dominate everything. There is room for aescetic beauty and being inspired by ethical ideals. Life itself needs no justification beyond itself.
Part four shows why historical skepticism is profoundly mistaken to deny that values are amenable to cognitive criticism. or that standards of objectivity can be discovered.
Newly found scientific discoveries, 'an embarrassment of riches' are so voluminous that no single individual can review it or manage it. A new branch of academic study, Eupraxophy, is proposed. Specialists have so sub-divided subject matters that experts are often unable to communicate to other fields and sub-fields. What is needed is generalists working with other generalists to find common concepts and develop general systems theory that cut across fields and seem reliable. This is a valuable book to be kept handy as a reference.
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This book provides a good look into how Isaac Asimov thought about various issues. With all the problems in the world, the views of Asimov might help to make the world a bit more logical place if we pay attention to him.
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also, consider the economic consequences
The bottom line is, if you are interested in learning more about Humanism, whether to defend or attack it, this is the book for you, it gives a good summary of the Humanist view of things, in a short and to the point pamphlet. But when you are reading, please remember, just because you do not agree with me is no reason to insult my character, and it is same with this book.
Humanist Manifesto is a summary of a humanist based ethical system that could be used to guide our actions in putting our species into a more peaceful and just course of action. Kurtz' organizes the principle clearly and they are compelling. Little argument is marshalled, wisely leaving the reader to figure out how it could be implemented, both in his own life and that of society as a whole. Yes, it is idealistic and envisions worldwide institutions to support improvements, but the vision is so clear and simple that the reader can actually believe that much maligned scientific naturalism could be the basis for a compelling ethical system.
Excellent for humanists who may need to be reminded that their chosen life view is a powerful tool for changing the world for the better, as well as for those who do not share that world view and need an introduction to a positive ethical framework.
Highly recommended!
At issue is whether religion and science have anything to say to each other and what happens when they tread on each other's turf. It has been argued that science has no business intruding into the realm of religion. But the nature of "science" is poorly understood by many people. It is not a body of knowledge, but rather a means of acquiring knowledge. Some religious claims cannot be be addressed by science because no means are available to investigate them. But on those issues where a means does exist, science has consistently forced religion to retreat and revise itself.
This book should be required reading by any school granting degrees in science, and it should be placed in every high school library.